[Management of complicated Barrett's esophagus. Observational study carried out in a regional hospital]. / Prise en charge de l'œsophage de Barrett compliqué. Étude observationnelle réalisée dans un centre hospitalier régional.

The incidence of Barrett's esophagus, complication of gastroesophageal reflux disease, is rising in western countries. It is the same for esophageal adenocarcinoma, of which it is the main contributing factor. This retrospective study seeks to report the incidence of these pathologies observed in a regional hospital center and to describe their management. In 5 years, 354 Barrett's esophagus are detected and 34 of them are complicated by high-grade dysplasia or adenocarcinoma. Endoscopic resection is performed in 24 of these patients. The histological analysis of which leads to the conclusion of adenocarcinoma in 20 patients and high-grade dysplasia in the 14 others. The complications of endoscopic and surgical resections are detailed. Their frequency and severity remain low, comparable to data in the literature.

L'incidence de l'œsophage de Barrett, complication du reflux gastro-œsophagien, est en croissance dans les pays occidentaux. Il en est de même de l'adénocarcinome œsophagien dont il est le principal facteur favorisant. Cette étude rétrospective s'attache à rapporter l'incidence de ces pathologies, observées dans un centre hospitalier régional, et à détailler leur prise en charge. En 5 ans, 354 œsophages de Barrett sont détectés et 34 d'entre eux sont compliqués de dysplasie de haut grade ou d'adénocarcinome. Une résection endoscopique est réalisée chez 24 de ces malades. Les analyses histologiques permettent de conclure à un adénocarcinome chez 20 malades et une dysplasie de haut grade chez les 14 restants. Les complications des résections endoscopiques et chirurgicales sont détaillées. Leur fréquence et leur gravité restent faibles, comparables aux données de la littérature.

[Incidence and treatment of complications observed after endoscopic mucosal resection of superficial digestive tumours in a regional general hospital]. / Incidence et traitement des complications observées après résections endoscopiques muqueuses des tumeurs digestives superficielles dans un Centre Hospitalier Régional.

Superficial digestive tumours resection by endoscopic mucosal resection and sub-mucosal dissection causes very few complications according to the results obtained in expert centers. This work reports the rate of complications observed in a regional hospital, also comparing the results of their therapeutic management. The first 100 patients treated by endoscopic mucosal resection and sub-mucosal dissection, conducted by conventional techniques, were studied. The usual complications (stenosis, bleeding, perforation) were identified and details of their treatment reported. The overall complication rate was 16 %. Symptomatic stenoses are observed in 4 % of patients. Secondary bleeding occurs in 5 % of cases. Endoscopic management of these complications is effective in all cases, when it is attempted. Perforations complicate 7 % of the procedures. Two patients were assigned to surgery, successfully, the other 5 patients were treated by endoscopic sutures without damage. The complication rates observed in our department are comparable with results reported by the reference western centers. Their endoscopic management is usually successful and rescue surgery is unfrequent.

La résection par mucosectomie et dissection sous-muqueuse des tumeurs digestives superficielles n'entraîne que très peu de complications selon les résultats obtenus dans les centres experts. Ce travail rapporte le taux de complications observé dans un centre hospitalier régional, comparant également les résultats de leur prise en charge. Les 100 premiers patients ayant été traités par mucosectomie et dissection sous-muqueuse, effectuées selon les techniques classiques, ont été étudiés. Les complications habituelles (sténoses, hémorragies et perforations) ont été répertoriées ainsi que les détails de leur traitement. Le taux global de complications est de 16 %. Les sténoses symptomatiques affectent 4 % des patients. Les hémorragies secondaires surviennent dans 5 % des cas. La prise en charge endoscopique de ces complications est efficace dans tous les cas, lorsqu'elle est tentée. Les perforations compliquent 7 % des procédures. Deux patients ont été confiés à la chirurgie, avec succès, les 5 autres patients ont été traités par sutures endoscopiques sans séquelle. Le taux de complications observé dans notre service est comparable aux résultats rapportés par les centres occidentaux de référence. Leur prise en charge endoscopique est régulièrement efficace et le recours à la chirurgie est peu fréquent.

Clinical pattern of corticosteroid dependent Crohn's disease.

OBJECTIVES: Corticosteroid dependency in Crohn's disease (CD) is characterized by the need for chronic use of corticosteroids to maintain clinical remission. Several definitions have been used. Depending on the definition, 10-30% of the patients are considered as corticosteroid dependent. The aim of the study was to define a clinical pattern of corticosteroid dependent CD patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Epidemiological and clinical characteristics were retrospectively compared between 20 corticosteroid dependent CD patients and 248 non-corticosteroid dependent CD patients by using univariate and multivariate analyses. Corticosteroid dependency was defined either by two successive relapses during the 2 months after discontinuing glucocorticoids (n=5) or by two successive relapses at dose tapering, after successful treatment of a flare-up by using glucocorticoids (n=15). RESULTS: Corticosteroid dependent CD patients were younger at diagnosis (P < 0.001), and were characterized by a higher frequency of colonic location (P< 0.05), but lower frequency of ileal location (P < 0.01), and higher ano-perineal location (P < 0.05). They were also more frequently smokers (P< 0.05) and users of contraceptive pills (P< 0.01). The inflammatory type of the disease was increased (P < 0.01), while the fibrostenotic type was decreased (P < 0.001) in corticosteroid dependent CD patients. By multivariate analysis, a smoking habit (P < 0.01), a colonic location (P < 0.05), a non-fibrostenotic type (P< 0.05) and a younger age at diagnosis (P< 0.05) were shown to be independently associated with corticosteroid dependency. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests a clinical pattern associated with corticosteroid dependency. Whether this clinical pattern is simply associated with the dependency, or whether a primary decrease of corticosensitivity produces this clinical pattern, is not known. Further prospective studies will have to determine whether the presence of these clinical characteristics is predictive of corticosteroid dependency and whether this prediction will be useful for the management of this condition.

[Paradox: when a prothrombotic disorder is responsible for an upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Case report of hepatoportal sclerosis]. / Paradoxe: lorsqu'un état prothrombotique est responsable d'une hémorragie digestive. Observation d'un cas de sclérose hépatoportale.

Variceal bleeding is frequently the initial presentation of a previously unknown cirrhosis. Portal hypertension and its complications without liver cirrhosis should raise the possibility of presinusoidal portal hypertension, and the diagnosis of hepatoportal sclerosis. These patients need to be investigated for coagulation disorders. A hypercoagulable state is often associated. Risks and benefits of anticoagulation should be further investigated in these patients.

[Clinical case of the month. Carcinoid syndrome due to a small intestine secreting tumor with a cardiopathy]. / Le cas clinique du mois. Syndrome carcinoïde sur tumeur sécrétante du grêle terminal avec cardiopathie.

Uncommon but classically described, intestinal carcinoid tumors represent a variety of neuroendocrine tumors. Able to secrete amines and hormones, they can produce characteristic symptoms called "carcinoïd syndrome". A cardiopathy is sometimes associated with the disease and carries a high risk of mortality and morbidity.

Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) gene polymorphism in Crohn's disease (CD): influence on disease behaviour?

Crohn's disease (CD) is a multifactorial disease with genetic heterogeneity. TNF-alpha plays a key role in the development of the mucosal lesions. The aim of our work was to study a single base pair polymorphism located in the promoter region of TNF gene, in a large population of CD patients with well defined phenotypes. One hundred and ninety-three patients with CD and 98 ethnically matched controls were studied. The -308 single base pair polymorphism of TNF gene was studied using an allele-specific polymerase chain reaction. Genotype and allelic frequencies were compared between patients and controls and between subgroups of patients defined by sex, age at diagnosis, familial history, location of disease, type of disease, extra-intestinal manifestations, and response to steroid treatment. In 29 patients a measure of TNF-alpha production by colonic biopsies was performed. The frequency of the allele TNF2 as well as the proportion of carriers of the allele TNF2 were slightly but not significantly lower in CD than in controls (11.9% versus 14.8% and 21.5% versus 27.6%, respectively). A more prominent difference in frequencies of allele TNF2 and in proportions of TNF2 carriers was found when comparing subgroups of patients. The frequency of allele TNF2 was significantly higher in steroid-dependent than in non-steroid-dependent disease (28.1% versus 10.3%; Delta = 17.8%, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 6.3-29.5%, P = 0.0027) and tended to be higher in colonic than in small bowel disease and in fistulizing than in stricturing disease. Furthermore, TNF2 carriers tended to be more frequent in patients with steroid-dependent than non-steroid-dependent disease (43.8% versus 19.3%; Delta = 24.5%, 95% CI = 3.6-45.4%, P = 0.022), in patients with fistulizing than stricturing disease (26.5% versus 9.6%; Delta = 16.9%, 95% CI = 1. 1-32.6%, P = 0.036), and in patients with colonic than small bowel disease (26.5% versus 11.1%; Delta = 15.4%, 95% CI = -0.8-31.6%, P = 0.063). Finally, patients carrying at least one copy of allele 2 were found to produce slightly more TNF-alpha at the colonic level. The -308 TNF gene polymorphism may have a slight influence on the behaviour of CD. The carriage of allele 2 may favour steroid-dependent disease and to a lesser extent fistulizing and colonic disease, possibly secondary to a more intense TNF-alpha-driven inflammatory reaction at the mucosal level.