The impact of the use of video-based educational interventions on patient outcomes in hospital settings: A scoping review.

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the literature on the impact of video-based educational interventions on patient outcomes in inpatient settings as compared to standard education techniques. METHODS: This review followed a scoping review methodology. English language articles were searched in Pubmed, Medline, Cochrane, and CINAHL databases. Inclusion criteria were: use of video-based educational interventions, and inpatient hospital settings. Abstracts were reviewed and selected according to predetermined criteria, followed by full-text scrutiny. RESULTS: Sixty-two empirical studies were identified, with 38 (61%) reporting a significant positive effect of video-based educational interventions on patient outcomes, compared to control groups (i.e., standard education). Three different types of video-based educational intervention formats were identified: animated presentations, professionals in practice, and patient narratives. Outcome types included: knowledge-based, clinical, emotional, and behavioral, with knowledge-based most prevalent. CONCLUSION: Video-based educational interventions are common in the hospital setting. These interventions are effective at improving short-term health literacy goals, but their impact on behavior or lifestyle modifications is unclear. Their effectiveness also depends on presentation format, timing, and the patient's emotional well-being. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Video-based educational delivery is effective for improving short-term health literacy, however a combination of approaches delivered over an extended period of time may support improving longer-term health outcomes.

Control of cytoplasmic translation in plants.

Translational control provides cells with a mechanism to rapidly control gene expression in a reversible manner in response to environmental and developmental cues. It involves the dynamic, coordinated activity of numerous factors that direct the synthesis of proteins with precision in space and time. Translational control is primarily regulated at the level of initiation, and as such, mechanisms that regulate translation most often target the initiation machinery. Translation in plants is fundamentally similar to that of other eukaryotes. However, there are significant differences in translation factor isoforms and their associated proteins, and the types of regulation that can act upon these factors. Regulation of translation in plants can involve protein phosphorylation, variable associations of initiation factor isoforms, RNA sequence element interactions, and small RNAs. The assembly of large mRNA-ribonucleoprotein complexes, called processing bodies and stress granules, also influences the translatability of an mRNA. mRNA-cytoskeleton interactions, as well as subcellular and intercellular transport of mRNAs, also appear to regulate translation in plants. Often working together, these control mechanisms finely tune translational expression within the cell.