Is COVID-19 Like a Zombie Apocalypse? Using Horror Films to Examine the Pandemic and Social Inequalities.

The COVID-19 pandemic has both exposed and exacerbated many enduring social inequalities in countries throughout the world. Sociology instructors are thus likely to incorporate content related to this relationship between the pandemic and inequalities in their courses. This article explores the potential of horror films, specifically the subgenre of zombie apocalypse, as a teaching tool for critically analyzing social inequalities and the COVID-19 pandemic. To examine the usefulness of this subgenre of film, I describe and evaluate an assignment and class discussion.

Do depressive symptoms in male and female adolescents predict unintended births in emerging adulthood?

Unintended birth and mental health are major public health problems in the United States. To date, little research has examined the relationship between depressive symptoms and unintended births, and no research has examined this relationship among men. Data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Adolescent Health (N = 14,271) were used to examine the relationship between depressive symptoms among females and males in adolescence and unintended first birth in emerging adulthood. Respondents who reported higher levels of depressive symptoms in adolescence were more likely to report an unintended birth (OR 1.93, p < 0.001) compared with respondents who did not have children. They were also more likely to report an unintended birth compared with respondents who had an intended birth (OR 1.28, p < 0.05). The relationship between adolescent depressive symptoms and unintended birth remained significant, controlling for background variables, and it did not differ by gender. Adolescent depressive symptoms are associated with unintended birth in emerging adulthood. Thus, policies designed to treat depressive symptoms in adolescence may be effective in reducing unintended pregnancy among young adults.

Temporal changes in HIV-related stigma and sexual behaviours: An examination of 22 African countries.

ABSTRACTDespite non-trivial success against the HIV epidemic, health experts in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) remain concerned about new infections, stigma attitudes, and increasing rates of higher-risk sexual behaviours (HRSBs). Although this concern has produced voluminous scholarship on the behavioural consequences of belonging to stigmatised populations, scholars have only recently examined the behavioural consequences of holding stigmatising attitudes. Existing work generally finds a positive relationship between stigmatising beliefs and the practice of HRSBs. Yet, it is unknown whether this relationship has changed for countries over the past two decades. We fill this gap using Demographic and Health Survey data from 22 SSA countries. We first find that in most countries, the practice of HRSBs has increased, while stigma beliefs have become more tolerant. Second, the relationship between stigma beliefs and HRSBs changed in only six countries: Nigeria, Kenya, Mozambique, Sierra Leone, Ethiopia, and Lesotho. It changed from non-existent or negative to positive in Nigeria, Kenya, Mozambique, and Ethiopia, but non-existent to negative in Sierra Leone. In Lesotho, the positive association weakened over time. These findings highlight the importance of social and epidemic contexts when considering how stigma impacts sexual behaviours and HIV rates in SSA.

Antiretroviral therapy and aging as resources for managing and resisting HIV-related stigma in rural South Africa.

The widespread roll-out of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Africa has contributed to a large population of adults aging with HIV. However, little is known about how HIV-related stigma interacts with aging in the ART era. This study uses in-depth interviews with middle-aged and older South Africans living with HIV to explore stigma-related experiences and response strategies. Participants describe a persistence of stigma which requires the deployment of a range of common and age-based stigma management and resistance strategies. We find that participants minimize their exposure to stigma through selective disclosure of their HIV status; neutralize HIV-related stigma through comparisons to chronic illnesses common among older adults, and deflect stigma through asserting an ART-adherent identity and othering younger non-adherent adults. Overall, our study highlights the roles of ART and aging as resources for managing and resisting HIV-related stigma.

The end of AIDS? HIV and the new landscape of illness in rural South Africa.

The global HIV/AIDS scientific community has begun to hail the dawn of 'the End of AIDS' with widespread anti-retroviral therapy (ART) and dramatic declines in AIDS-related mortality. Drawing on community focus groups and in-depth individual interviews conducted in rural South Africa, we examine the complex unfolding of the end of AIDS in a hard-hit setting. We find that while widespread ART has led to declines in AIDS-related deaths, stigma persists and is now freshly motivated. We argue that the shifting landscape of illness in the community has produced a new interpretive lens through which to view living with HIV and dying from AIDS. Most adults have one or more chronic illnesses, and ART-managed HIV is now considered a preferred diagnosis because it is seen as easier to manage, more responsive to medication, and less dangerous compared to diseases like cancer, hypertension, and diabetes. Viewed through this comparative lens, dying from AIDS elicits stigmatising individual blame. We find that blame persists despite community acknowledgement of structural barriers to ART adherence. Setting the ending of AIDS within its wider health context sheds light on the complexities of the epidemiological and health transitions underway in much of the developing world.