RESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: This cross-sectional observational study determined the prevalence and factors associated with molar-incisive hypomineralization (MIH) in quilombola children and adolescents in north-eastern Brazil. METHODS: The sample consisted of 251 children and adolescents (8 to 14 years old) living in the rural quilombola community Lagoas in São Raimundo Nonato, Piauí (census population). Sociodemographic and health-related data were collected from pre-, peri- and post-natal health records and a clinical examination for MIH diagnosis was performed by four previously trained and calibrated examiners. Descriptive data analysis and Poisson regression were performed. The magnitude of the association was determined by adjusted prevalence ratio (PR) and confidence intervals (95% CI). RESULTS: The prevalence of MIH was 46.6%. The presence of MIH was associated with gestational diabetes (PR = 2.49, 95% CI 2.08-2.99; p <0.001) and acute foetal distress (PR = 1.39; 95% CI 1.04-1.86; p = 0.025). CONCLUSION: It was concluded that the prevalence of MIH in the quilombola community was high and associated with gestational diabetes and acute foetal distress.