Simplicispira sedimenti sp. nov., isolated from a sediment of drainage ditch in winery.

A Gram-stain-negative, motile (by single polar flagellum) and rod-shaped bacterium, designated W1-6T, was isolated from a sediment of drainage ditch in winery in Guiyang, south-western China. Strain W1-6T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with the type strain of Acidovorax wautersii (98.1%) and Simplicispira lacusdiani (97.9%). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain W1-6T was placed adjacent to the members of the genus Simplicispira and formed a separat subclade. Cells showed oxidase and catalase negative reactions. The only respiratory quinone detected was ubiquinone-8 (Q-8). Summed feature 3 (C16:1 ω7c and/or C16:1 ω6c), C16:0 and summed feature 8 (C18:1 ω7c and/or C18:1 ω6c) were predominant cellular fatty acids (> 10%) of strain W1-6T. Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and five unidentified phospholipids were found in the polar lipid extraction. The genomic DNA G + C content was 65.6%. Strain W1-6T shared the highest digital DNA-DNA hybridization [dDDH, (27.6%)] and average nucleotide identity [ANI (84.3%)] values with the type strain of S. lacusdiani. The dDDH and ANI values were below the cutoff level (dDDH 70%; ANI 95-96%) for species delineation. The polyphasic characteristics indicated that the strain W1-6T represents a novel species of the genus Simplicispira, for which the name Simplicispira sedimenti sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is W1-6T (= CGMCC 1.16274T = NBRC 115624T).

An investigation of antecedents and consequences of green value internalisation among sampled UK enterprises.

Despite the growing popularity of the concept of green value internalisation, research on how this concept is being accomplished at the enterprise level is still limited. The purpose of this study is to address this knowledge gap by drawing from previously known concepts of green value and value internalisation. It examines the antecedents and consequences of green value internalisation and evaluates how these environment-leaning approaches impact competitive advantage. This study uses the resource-based view and the stakeholder theory as theoretical lenses in linking green value internalisation to its antecedents and how these impact competitive advantage. A two-step approach involving a measurement model and a structural model was used to analyse survey data from 213 UK enterprises to validate the research hypotheses. Hypotheses testing shows that green value internalisation has a positive and significant impact on green criteria development. The results also show that external pressure positively and significantly affects green value internalisation. These findings extend prior knowledge by establishing the level of significance in the relationship among the antecedents and consequences in the research model. The research design for this study draws from a systematic literature review. The study offers rigorous empirical insights for implementing green value internalisation as a value-creating strategy. However, the antecedents and consequences examined in this study may not capture in detail all underlying constructs. Hence future studies should proffer valid and reliable instruments for these constructs. The findings provide managers from enterprises across a broad industry size range seeking to implement green value internalisation with resources for embedding an enterprise-level pro-environmental strategy.

Efficient phosphate and hydrogen recovery from sludge fermentation liquid by sacrificial iron anode in electro-fermentation system.

Electro-fermentation (EF) has been extensively studied for recovering hydrogen and phosphorus from waste activated sludge (WAS), while was limited for the further application due to the low hydrogen yield and phosphorus recovery efficiency. This study proposed an efficient strategy for hydrogen and vivianite recovery from the simulated sludge fermentation liquid by sacrificial iron anode in EF. The optimum hydrogen productivity and the utilization efficiency of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) reached 45.2 mmol/g COD and 77.6% at 5 d in pH 8. Phosphate removal efficiency achieved at 90.8% at 2 d and the high crystallinity and weight percentage of vivianite (84.8%) was obtained. The functional microbes, i.e., anaerobic fermentative bacteria, electrochemical active bacteria, homo-acetogens and iron-reducing bacteria were highly enriched and the inherent interaction between the microbial consortia and environmental variables was thoroughly explored. This work may provide a theoretical basis for energy/resource recovery from WAS in the further implementation.

Tailored short-chain fatty acids conversion from waste activated sludge fermentation via persulfate oxidation and C3-C5 io-SRB metabolizers.

Boosting acetate production from waste activated sludge (WAS) fermentation is often hindered by the inefficient solubilization in the hydrolysis step and the high hydrogen pressure ( [Formula: see text] ) during the acidogenesis of C3-C5 short-chain fatty acid (SCFAs), i.e., propionate (HPr), butyrate (HBu) and valerate (HVa). Therefore, this study employed persulfate (PS) oxidation and C3-C5 incomplete-oxidative sulfate reducing bacteria (io-SRB) metabolizers to tailor SCFAs conversion from WAS fermentation. The decomposition efficiency, performance of SCFAs production was investigated. Results showed that the PS significantly promoted WAS decomposition, with a dissolution rate of 39.4%, which is 26.0% higher than the un-treated test. Furthermore, SCFAs yields were increased to 462.7 ± 42 mg COD/g VSS in PS-HBu-SRB, which was 7.4 and 2.2 times higher than that of un-treated and sole PS tests, respectively. In particular, the sum of acetate and HPr reached the peak value of 85%, indicating that HBu-SRB mediation promoted the biotransformation of HBu and macromolecular organics by reducing the [Formula: see text] restriction. Meanwhile, sulfate radical (SO4∙-)-based oxidation (SR-AOPs) was effective in the decomposition of WAS, the oxidative product, i.e., sulfate served the necessary electron acceptor for the metabolism of io-SRB. Further analysis of Mantel test revealed the cluster of the functional genus and their interaction with environmental variables. Additionally, molecular ecological network analysis explored the potential synergistic and competitive relationships between critical genera. Additionally, the potential synergistic and competitive relationships between critical genera was explored by molecular ecological network analysis. This study provides new insights into the integration of SR-AOPs with microbial mediation in accelerating SCFAs production from WAS fermentation.

Dyella sedimenti sp. nov., Isolated from the Sediment of a Winery.

A Gram-staining negative, aerobic, non-motile and rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain N-S-14T, was isolated from the sediment of a winery in Guiyang, south-western China and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic characteristics. The cells showed oxidase-negative and catalase-negative reactions. Growth occurred at 5-45 °C (optimum 30 °C), pH 5.0-8.0 (optimum pH 6.0-7.0) and with 0-3% (w/v) NaCl on R2A medium. The major respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-8 (Q-8). The predominant cellular fatty acids (> 10.0%) were identified as iso-C15:0, iso-C17:0 and summed feature 9 (iso-C17:1ω9c or C16:0 10-methyl). The profile of polar lipids contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified phospholipid, one unidentified aminophospholipid, one unidentified aminolipid and one unidentified lipid. The genomic DNA G + C content was 67.5%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain N-S-14T should be affiliated to the genus Dyella and formed a clade with most closely related Dyella solisilvae DHG54T (98.3%) and Dyella halodurans DHOG02T (97.8%). The digital DNA-DNA hybridization values ranged from 17.7 to 27.1% and the ANI values ranged from 75.2 to 84.0% between strain N-S-14T and other members of the genus Dyella, respectively, and thus the results indicated that strain N-S-14T represented a novel genomic species belonging to the genus Dyella. The polyphasic taxonomic characteristics indicated that the strain N-S-14T represent a novel species of the genus Dyella, for which the name Dyella sedimenti sp. nov. (type strain N-S-14T = CGMCC 1.18717T = KCTC 82384T) is proposed.

Azospirillum tabaci sp. nov., a bacterium isolated from rhizosphere soil of Nicotiana tabacum L.

Strain W712T was isolated from rhizosphere soil of Nicotiana tabacum L. collected from Kunming, south-west China. Cells were Gram-staining negative, aerobic, motile and rod shaped. The isolate grew at 20-45 °C (optimum 30 °C), pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and in the presence of up to 3.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1%, w/v). Ubiquinone-10 was the only respiratory quinone type. Polar lipids contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmehtylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine and an unidentified aminolipid. The major fatty acids were detected as summed feature 8 (C18:1 ω7c or C18:1 ω6c), summed feature 3 (C16:1 ω7c or C16:1 ω6c) and C18:1 2OH. The genomic DNA G + C content was 68.7%. The ANI values were 94.3%, 93.3% and 93.6% between Azospirillum baldaniorum Sp245T, Azospirillum brasilense ATCC 49958T, Azospirillum formosense CC-Nfb-7T and strain W712T, respectively, which were lower than the prokaryotic species delineation threshold of 95.0-96.0%. The digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between A. baldaniorum Sp245T, A. brasilense ATCC 49958T, A. formosense CC-Nfb-7T and strain W712T indicated that the candidate represents a novel genomic species. According to the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, we propose that strain W712T warrants the assignment to a novel species, for which the name Azospirillum tabaci sp. nov. (type strain W712T = CGMCC 1.18567T = KCTC 82186T) is proposed.

Chthonobacter rhizosphaerae sp. nov., a bacterium isolated from rhizosphere soil of Citrus sinenesis.

A Gram-staining negative, facultative anaerobic, motile and short rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain yh7-1T, was isolated from rhizosphere soil of Citrus sinenesis collected from the garden of Citrus sinenesis in Ailao Mountain, south-west China. Cells grew at 15-45 °C, pH 5.0-9.0 and were able to tolerate up to 1% (w/v) NaCl on R2A medium. The respiratory lipoquinone was Q-10 and the major cellular fatty acids contained summed feature 8 (C18:1 ω7c or C18:1 ω6c) and C18:0. Polar lipids in the cellular membrane were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified phospholipids and one unidentified aminophospholipid. The genomic DNA G+C content was 69.9 mol%. On basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain yh7-1T showed the highest similarities with Chthonobacter albigriseus KCTC 42450T (97.6%), Mongoliimonas terrestris KCTC 42635T (97.0%) and lower than 97.0% to other species. Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain yh7-1T clustered with C. albigriseus KCTC 42450T. The ANI values ranged between 78.1 and 82.7% for C. albigriseus KCTC 42450T, M. terrestris KCTC 42635T and strain yh7-1T, which were lower than the prokaryotic species delineation threshold of 95.0-96.0%. The digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between C. albigriseus KCTC 42450T, M. terrestris KCTC 42635T and strain yh7-1T indicated that the new isolate represents a novel genomic species. According to the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, strain yh7-1T should belong to the genus Chthonobacter, for which the name Chthonobacter rhizosphaerae sp. nov. (type strain yh7-1T = CGMCC 1.17236T = CCTCC AB 2019258T = KCTC 82185T) is proposed.

Pseudorivibacter rhizosphaerae gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Ktze and emended description of the genus Rivibacter.

A Gram-stain-negative, facultative anaerobic, motile and straight rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain C1-9T, was isolated from rhizosphere soil of Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Ktze collected from a tea garden in Huize, south-western PR China. Cells were oxidase-positive and catalase-negative. Growth occurred at 20-40 °C and pH 6.0-10.0, with an optimal growth at 30 °C and pH 7.0. The respiratory quinone was detected as ubiquinone-8 (Q-8). The major fatty acids were identified as summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), C16 : 0 and summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ω7c or C18 : 1ω6c). The cellular polar lipids contained phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, three unidentified phospholipids, two unidentified lipids, one unidentified aminophospholipid and one unidentified aminolipid. The polyamine types were detected as 1,8-diaminooctane and 2-hydroxyputrescine. The genomic DNA G+C content was 68.6 mol%. Based on the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain C1-9T (MF687442) showed highest sequence similarity to Rivibacter subsaxonicus DSM 19570T (97.1 %). The phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain C1-9T clustered close to R. subsaxonicus DSM 19570T, Methylibium petroleiphilum CCTCC AB 2014193T and species belonging to the genera Rhizobacter and Piscinibacter. The phylogenomic tree indicated that strain C1-9T formed a clade with R. subsaxonicus. The average nucleotide identity value was 76.0 % between strain C1-9T and R. subsaxonicus DSM 19570T, which is lower than the prokaryotic species delineation threshold of 95.0-96.0 %. The polyphasic taxonomic characteristics indicated that strain C1-9T represents a novel species of a new genus within the order Burkholderiales, for which the name Pseudorivibacter rhizosphaerae gen. nov., sp. nov. (type strain C1-9T = KCTC 62325T=CGMCC 1.13864T) is proposed.

Role of polyurethane-modified layered double hydroxides on SCFAs extraction from waste activated sludge fermentation liquid for elevating denitrification: Kinetics and mechanism.

Extraction of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) from fermentation liquid of waste activated sludge (WAS) is the key bottleneck hindering its application as electron donor in denitrification. This study explores the feasibility of polyether-type polyurethane (PU)-modified layered double hydroxides (LDHs, prepared using eggshell waste as calcium source) in SCFAs adsorbing from WAS fermentation liquid (SFL). The adsorption parameters were first optimized by adsorption tests using artificial fermentation liquid (AFL). Then, adsorption kinetics, thermodynamic and isotherms were explored to further understand the adsorption mechanism. It revealed that SCFAs absorption by PU-LDHs from SFL was an endothermic and spontaneous process with positive enthalphy (ΔH◦) values and negative Gibbs free energy (ΔG◦) values. In addition, the maximum adsorption capacity of 208.0 mg SCFAs/g PU-LDHs was obtained from the Langmuir isotherm. Noting that both soluble carbohydrates and soluble proteins were simultaneously extracted, with efficiencies of 30.9%, 6.2%, respectively, compared with 62.9% SCFAs. The reuse tests confirmed that the prepared PU-LDHs can be used at least three times with high adsorptive capacity. With PU-LDHs-loaded SFL as external carbon source in the biodenitrification process, a denitrification rate of 0.014 mg NO3--N/mg mixed liquid suspended solids (MLSS)·d was recorded. This study provided a sound basis for the preparation of cost-effective biodenitrification carbon source from SFL by a novel adsorbent.

Aquabacter cavernae sp. nov., a bacterium isolated from cave soil.

A Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, non-motile, aerobic, catalase-negative and oxidase-positive bacterium, designated strain Sn-9-2T, was isolated from a cave soil sample collected from Tiandong cave, Guizhou Province, south-west PR China. Growth occurred at 15-40 °C (optimum, 30 °C), at pH 5.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0-8.0) and with 0-1 % NaCl (w/v). The predominant respiration quinone was ubiquinone-10 (Q-10). The major cellular fatty acids were summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ω7c or C18 : 1ω6c; 83.9 %) and C16 : 0 (5.8 %). The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, three unidentified phospholipids, two unidentified glycolipids, two unidentified polar lipids and one unidentified aminolipid. The DNA G+C content of strain Sn-9-2T was 67.5 mol%. Based on the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain Sn-9-2T (MF958452) were identified as Aquabacter spiritensis (FR733686) DSM 9035T (97.5 %), Xanthobacter autorophicus (jgi.1053054) DSM 432T (97.2 %) and Xanthobacter tagetidis ATCC 700314T RCTF01000015 (96.9 %). The average nucleotide identity values were 78.0, 77.4 and 77.6 % and the digital DNA-DNA hybridization values were 21.8, 22.0 and 18.8 % between strain Sn-9-2T and A. spiritensis DSM 9035T, X. autotrophicus DSM 432T and X. tagetidis DSM 11105T, respectively. The DNA-DNA hybridization data indicated that strain Sn-9-2T represented a novel genomic species. On the basis of the results of phylogenetic analysis, chemotaxonomic data, physiological characteristics and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain Sn-9-2T should represent a novel species of the genus Aquabacter, for which the name Aquabactercavernae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Sn-9-2T (=KCTC 62308T=CCTCC AB 2018270T).

Flavisolibacter nicotianae sp. nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of Nicotiana tabacum L.

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile and rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain X7XT, was isolated from a rhizosphere soil sample of Nicotiana tabacum L. collected from a tobacco factory located in Kunming, south-western China. The cells showed oxidase-positive and catalase-positive reactions. Growth occurred at 20-40 °C and pH 6.0-8.0, with optimal growth at 30 °C and pH 7.0. The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-7. The major fatty acids were identified as iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3OH and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω7c and/or C16 : 1 ω6c). The cellular polar lipids contained phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified aminophospholipid, two unidentified glycolipids, four unidentified aminolipids and four unidentified lipids. The genomic DNA G+C content was 49.7 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain X7XT should be affiliated to the genus Flavisolibacter. Results from further analysis showed that strain X7XT had highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Flavisolibacter metallilatus TX0661T (96.4 %) and 'Flavisolibacter swuensis' SR2-4-2T (96.4 %), followed by other species of the genus Flavisolibacter. The polyphasic taxonomic characteristics indicated that strain X7XT represents a novel species of the genus Flavisolibacter, for which the name Flavisolibacternicotianae sp. nov. (type strain X7XT=KCTC 62326T=CGMCC 16451T) is proposed.

Lysobacter tabacisoli sp. nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of Nicotiana tabacum L.

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain C8-1T, was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of Nicotiana tabacum L. collected from Kunming, south-west China. The cells showed oxidase-positive and catalase-positive reactions. Growth was observed at 10-40 °C, at pH 6.0-8.0 and in the presence of up to 1 % (w/v) NaCl, with optimal growth at 30 °C and pH 7.0. The predominant isoprenoid quinone was Q-8. The major fatty acids were identified as iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 1ω9c. The cellular polar lipids contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, five unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified aminophospholipids. The genomic DNA G+C content was 70.7 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain C8-1T should be assigned to the genus Lysobacter. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis showed that strain C8-1T was closely related to Lysobacter cavernae YIM C01544T (98.6 %), Lysobacter soli DCY21T (97.6 %), Lysobacter panacisoli CJ29T (97.3 %), Lysobacter firmicutimachus PB-6250T (97.3 %), Lysobacter niastensis GH41-7T (97.3 %) and Lysobacter gummosus KCTC 12132T (97.1 %). DNA-DNA hybridization data indicated that the isolate may represent a novel genomic species belonging to the genus Lysobacter. Polyphasic taxonomic characteristics indicated that strain C8-1T represents a novel species of the genus Lysobacter, for which the name Lysobacter tabacisoli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is C8-1T (=KCTC 62034T=CGMCC 1.16271T) .

Dyella tabacisoli sp. nov., a bacterium isolated from an arable soil sample of Nicotiana tabacum L.

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile and rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain L4-6T, was isolated from an arable soil sample of tobacco in Huize, south-western China and subjected to polyphasic taxonomic characterization. The cells showed oxidase-positive and catalase-positive reactions. Growth occurred at 20-35 °C, at pH 5.0-8.0 and with 0-2 % (w/v) NaCl, optimally at 30 °C, pH 6.0-7.0 and 0-1 % (w/v) NaCl. The major respiratory lipoquinone was ubiquinone-8. The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) were identified as summed feature 9 (iso-C17 : 1ω9c or C16 : 0 10-methyl), iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0. The polar lipid profile contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified phospholipids, two unidentified aminophospholipids and five unidentified aminolipids. The genomic DNA G+C content was 60.8 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain L4-6T should be affiliated to the genus Dyella and formed a clade with the most closely related organism Dyella soli JS12-10T. 16S rRNA gene sequences similarity analysis showed that strain L4-6T was mostly closely related to D. soli JS12-10T (98.73 %) and Dyella lipolytica DHOB07T (98.02 %). DNA-DNA hybridization data indicated that strain L4-6T represented a novel genomic species belonging to the genus Dyella. The polyphasic taxonomic characteristics indicated that the strain L4-6T represents a novel species of the genus Dyella, for which the name Dyellatabacisoli sp. nov. (type strain L4-6T=CGMCC 1.16273T=KCTC 62035T) is proposed.

Application of Graphene-Based Materials for Detection of Nitrate and Nitrite in Water-A Review.

Nitrite and nitrate are widely found in various water environments but the potential toxicity of nitrite and nitrate poses a great threat to human health. Recently, many methods have been developed to detect nitrate and nitrite in water. One of them is to use graphene-based materials. Graphene is a two-dimensional carbon nano-material with sp2 hybrid orbital, which has a large surface area and excellent conductivity and electron transfer ability. It is widely used for modifying electrodes for electrochemical sensors. Graphene based electrochemical sensors have the advantages of being low cost, effective and efficient for nitrite and nitrate detection. This paper reviews the application of graphene-based nanomaterials for electrochemical detection of nitrate and nitrite in water. The properties and advantages of the electrodes were modified by graphene, graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite in the development of nitrite sensors are discussed in detail. Based on the review, the paper summarizes the working conditions and performance of different sensors, including working potential, pH, detection range, detection limit, sensitivity, reproducibility, repeatability and long-term stability. Furthermore, the challenges and suggestions for future research on the application of graphene-based nanocomposite electrochemical sensors for nitrite detection are also highlighted.

Sphingomonas tabacisoli sp. nov., a member of the genus Sphingomonas, isolated from rhizosphere soil of Nicotiana tabacum L.

A Gram-staining-negative, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain X1-8T, was isolated from rhizosphere soil of Nicotiana tabacum L. collected from the tobacco produce base located in Kunming, south-west PR China. Cells showed oxidase-negative and catalase-positive reactions and were motile by means of peritrichous flagella. Growth occurred at 25-40 °C and pH 6.0-8.0 with optimal growth at 30-35 °C, pH 7.0. The major respiratory lipoquinone was Q-10. C16 : 0 and summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c) were identified as major cellular fatty acids. The profile of polar lipids contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, sphingoglycolipid, phosphatidylcholine and one unidentified glycolipid. The major polyamine was sym-homospermidine. The genomic DNA G+C content was 66.5 mol%. The results of phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that X1-8T should be affiliated to the genus Sphingomonasand formed a clade with most closely related species Sphingomonas changbaiensisNBRC 104936T. The results of 16S rRNA gene sequences similarity analysis indicated that X1-8T had the highest similarity with S. changbaiensisNBRC 104936T (98.4 %) and lower than 96.0 % with other species of the genus Sphingomonas. DNA-DNA hybridization data indicated that X1-8T represented a novel genomic species of the genus Sphingomonas. The characteristics determined in the polyphasic taxonomic study indicated that X1-8T represents a novel species of the genus Sphingomonas, for which the name Sphingomonas tabacisoli sp. nov. (type strain X1-8T=KCTC 62032T=CGMCC 1.16275T) is proposed.

Streptomyces capparidis sp. nov., a novel endophytic actinobacterium isolated from fruits of Capparis spinosa L.

A novel endophytic actinobacterial strain, designated EGI 6500195T, was isolated from fruits of Capparis spinosa. Growth occurred at 10-45 °C (optimum 30 °C), at pH 6-8 (optimum pH 7) and in the presence of 0-1 % (w/v) NaCl. Strain EGI 6500195T shared highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (97.74 %) with Streptomyces vitaminophilus DSM 41686T and less than 97 % sequence similarity with other members of the genus Streptomyces. The diagnostic amino acid in the peptidoglycan was ll-diaminopimelic acid. Whole-cell hydrolysates contained glucose, ribose, fructose and mannose. The predominant menaquinones were MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H8). The polar lipid profile of strain EGI 6500195T included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylcholine, three unknown phospholipids, an unknown aminophospholipid and an unknown aminolipid. The cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c, summed feature 4 (iso-C17 : 1 I and/or anteiso-C17 : 1 B) and iso-C17 : 1ω9c. The DNA G+C content of strain EGI 6500195T was 74.1 mol%. The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain EGI 6500195T and Streptomyces. vitaminophilus DSM 41686T was 14.1±3.5 %. On the basis of the phenotypic, phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain EGI 6500195T represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces capparidis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is EGI 6500195T (=DSM 42145T=JCM 30089T).

Sphingobacterium tabacisoli sp. nov., isolated from a tobacco field soil sample.

A Gram-staining-negative, non-motile and rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain h337T, was isolated from an arable soil sample of a tobacco field in Kunming, south-west China. The cells showed oxidase-positive and catalase-positive reactions. Growth was observed at 10-35 °C, at pH 6.0-9.0 and in the presence of up to 3 % (w/v) NaCl, with optimal growth at 30 °C, pH 7.0 and with 1-2 % (w/v) NaCl. The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. The major fatty acids were identified as iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) and summed feature 4 (iso-C17 : 1 I and/or anteiso-C17 : 1 B). The cellular polar lipids contained phosphatidylethanolamine, sphingophospholipid, four unidentified phospholipids, five unidentified lipids and three unidentified aminophospholipids. The genomic DNA G+C content was 41.5 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain h337T should be assigned to the genus Sphingobacterium. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis showed that strain h337T was most closely related to 'Sphingobacteriumyamdrokense' 3-0-1 (98.8 %) and Sphingobacteriumyanglingense CCNWSP36-1T (98.5 %) and shared less than 97 % similarity with other species of the genus Sphingobacterium. DNA-DNA hybridization data indicated that the isolate represented a novel genomic species belonging to the genus Sphingobacterium. The characteristics determined in this polyphasic taxonomic study indicated that strain h337T represents a novel species of the genus Sphingobacterium, for which the name Sphingobacterium tabacisoli sp. nov. (type strain h337T=KCTC 52298T=CCTCC AB 2017155T) is proposed.

Bacillus capparidis sp. nov., an endophytic bacterium isolated from roots of Capparis spinosa L.

A novel endophytic bacterium, designated strain EGI 6500252T, was isolated from the surface-sterilized roots of a medicinal plant (Capparis spinosa L.) collected from Urumqi city, Xinjiang, north-west China. Cells were Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, aerobic, catalase- and oxidase-positive, rod-shaped and did not display spore formation. Strain EGI 6500252T grew at 10-40 °C (optimum 25-30 °C), at pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and in the presence of 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0-3 %). The major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were identified as iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and summed feature 4. The predominant polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, four unknown phospholipids, one unknown glycolipid and one unknown lipid. The dominant isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7). The DNA G+C content was 39.9 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain EGI 6500252T belonged to the genus Bacillus, and exhibited a highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (96.2 %) that was lower than the suggested threshold (97.0 %) for separating bacterial species. On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis, chemotaxonomic data and physiological characteristics, strain EGI 6500252T represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus capparidis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is EGI 6500252T (=CGMCC 1.12820T=KCTC 33514T).

Sphingobacteriumsoli sp. nov., isolated from soil.

A Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterial strain, designated YIM X0211T, was isolated from a soil sample of Shiling County, Yunnan Province, south-west China. The new isolate was characterized taxonomically by using a polyphasic approach. The strain grew optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.0 and with 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl. It was positive for catalase and oxidase but negative for H2S production. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain YIM X0211T fell within the cluster comprising Sphingobacterium species and clustered with Sphingobacterium mizutaii DSM 11724T (97.93 % similarity). The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 41.2 mol%. The predominant respiratory quinone was menaquinone MK-7. The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 2-OH, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c). The polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, sphingolipid, and several unknown phospholipids or lipids. The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain YIM X0211T and S. mizutaii DSM 11724T was 42.3±0.4 %, which is below the 70 % limit for species delineation. These chemotaxonomic data supported the affiliation of strain YIM X0211T to the genus Sphingobacterium. Based on the recorded phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, it is determined that the isolate represents a novel species of the genus Sphingobacterium, for which the name Sphingobacterium soli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM X0211T (=KCTC 42696T=CGMCC 1.15966T).

Ochrobactrum endophyticum sp. nov., isolated from roots of Glycyrrhiza uralensis.

A novel Gram-staining negative, motile, rod-shaped and aerobic bacterial strain, designated EGI 60010(T), was isolated from healthy roots of Glycyrrhiza uralensis F. collected from Yili County, Xinjiang Province, North-West China. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain EGI 60010(T) showed 97.2 % sequence similarities with Ochrobactrum anthropi ATCC 49188(T) and Ochrobactrum cytisi ESC1(T), and 97.1 % with Ochrobactrum lupini LUP21(T). The phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the new isolate clustered with members of the genera Ochrobactrum, and formed a distinct clade in the neighbour-joining tree. Q-10 was identified as the respiratory quinone for strain EGI 60010(T). The major fatty acids were summed feature 8 (C18:1 ω6c and/or C18:1 ω7c), C19:0 cyclo ω8c, summed feature 4 (C17:1 iso I/anteiso B) and C16:0. The polar lipids detected were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine. The DNA G+C content of strain EGI 60010(T) was determined to be 60.4 mol%. The genomic DNA relatedness values determined between strain EGI 60010(T) and the closely related strains O. anthropi JCM 21032(T), O. cytisi CCTCC AB2014258(T) and O. lupini NBRC 102587(T) were 50.3, 50.0 and 41.6 %, respectively. Based on the results of the molecular studies supported by its differentiating phenotypic characteristics, strain EGI 60010(T) was considered to represent a novel species within the genus Ochrobactrum, for which the name Ochrobactrum endophyticum sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is EGI 60010(T) (=CGMCC 1.15082(T) = KCTC 42485(T) = DSM 29930(T)).