RESUMEN
Portal vein thrombosis is frequently encountered in patients with cirrhosis. Increased indication for non-invasive imaging in patients with cirrhosis has dramatically increased the recognition of PVT. This has led to a large amount of studies on pathogenesis as well as the prognostic impact of portal vein thrombosis on natural history of cirrhosis. However, in clinical practice, several aspects of the management of portal vein thrombosis remain unclear. This practical review discusses the most recent data toward the management of portal vein thrombosis in cirrhosis, especially regarding : a) the value of etiological workup ; b) the impact of portal vein thrombosis on the natural history of cirrhosis, and c) the indications and modalities of anticoagulation therapy.
La thrombose porte est une complication fréquente au cours de la cirrhose. Sa reconnaissance a largement augmenté, grâce au développement de moyens d'imagerie non invasifs et performants. Au cours des dernières années, la pathogénie de la thrombose porte au cours de la cirrhose, ainsi que sa valeur pronostique ont été largement étudiées. Cependant, en pratique clinique, la prise en charge des malades atteints de cirrhose et de thrombose porte n'est pas établie. Cet article discute les données récentes de la littérature concernant la gestion pratique de la thrombose porte au cours de la cirrhose : a) la nécessité d'un bilan de thrombophilie ; b) l'influence de la thrombose porte sur l'histoire naturelle de la cirrhose et c) les indications et les modalités du traitement anticoagulant.
Asunto(s)
Cirrosis Hepática , Trombosis de la Vena , Anticoagulantes/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Cirrosis Hepática/complicaciones , Vena Porta , Pronóstico , Trombosis de la Vena/tratamiento farmacológico , Trombosis de la Vena/etiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Increased hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) plays a role in the clinical manifestations of alcoholic hepatitis (AH). The evolution of HVPG and the influence of alcohol use in the intermediate term are unclear. AIM: The aim of this study was to explore HVPG modifications following AH taking into consideration alcohol use and clinical manifestations. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with AH (n=37; age 52 years; model for end-stage liver disease: 18.5; Maddrey score: 43) and chronic excessive drinkers with compensated cirrhosis (n=19; age: 54 years; model for end-stage liver disease: 9.2) underwent HVPG measurement and liver biopsy. Ten long-standing abstinent alcoholic cirrhotics served as controls. After discharge, patients were monitored for alcohol use and clinical complications, with repeated HVPG after a median duration of 100 days. Inflammation was determined using plasma C-reactive protein. RESULTS: At baseline, compared with chronic excessive drinkers and alcoholic cirrhotics, patients with AH had increased HVPG (18.1±0.6 vs. 13.8±1.4 vs. 15±1.3 mmHg, P<0.05). During follow-up, patients who became abstinent or reported occasional drinking were more likely to achieve a greater than 20% reduction in HVPG compared with those returning to harmful alcohol (45 vs. 0%, P<0.01), and suffered from fewer complications (25 vs. 68%, P<0.03). High baseline C-reactive protein levels correlated to the Maddrey (r=0.38), but no relationship was observed between changes in inflammation and HVPG. CONCLUSION: Elevated HVPG is a feature of AH, with a clinically significant reduction in values in abstinent or occasional drinkers after weeks of follow-up. A return to harmful alcohol has a negative impact on portal hemodynamics and associated clinical complications.