RESUMEN
Objective The aim of this study was to investigate polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and to explore the relationship between body fat percentage and metabolic markers. Subjects and methods Sedentary women were assigned to PCOS (N = 60) and CONTROL (N = 60) groups. Each group was subdivided into three subgroups according to body fat percentage (22-27%, 27-32% and 32-37%). The protocol consisted of assessments of glucose, insulin, androgens, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP), leptin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Results The PCOS subgroups showed higher concentrations of androgens, LH and 17-OHP. Leptin showed direct relationship with increased body fat percentage, whereas adiponectin showed the inverse effect. However, both were unaffected by PCOS. TNF-α and IL-6 were higher in PCOS women and showed a direct relationship with increased body fat percentage. Glucose showed direct relationship with body fat percentage, whereas insulin presented higher values in PCOS women and direct relationship with increased body fat percentage. Conclusions Our findings indicate that PCOS and body fat percentage directly influence concentrations of insulin, TNF-α and IL-6, whereas leptin and adiponectin are influenced only by the increase in body fat percentage in these women. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2020;64(1):4-10.
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Tejido Adiposo/anatomía & histología , Biomarcadores/sangre , Enfermedades Metabólicas/sangre , Síndrome del Ovario Poliquístico/sangre , 17-alfa-Hidroxiprogesterona/sangre , Adiponectina/sangre , Adolescente , Adulto , Andrógenos/sangre , Índice de Masa Corporal , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Femenino , Hormona Folículo Estimulante/sangre , Glucosa/análisis , Humanos , Insulina/sangre , Resistencia a la Insulina , Interleucina-6/sangre , Leptina/sangre , Hormona Luteinizante/sangre , Factores de Riesgo , Conducta Sedentaria , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/sangre , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The regulation of the immune system by the sympathetic nervous system is allowing the design of novel treatments for inflammatory disorders such as arthritis. In this study, we have analyzed the effects of α- and ß-adrenoceptor agonists injected subcutaneously, intrathecally, or intra-articularly in zymosan-induced arthritis. METHODS: Murine arthritis was induced by intra-articular (knee joint) injection of zymosan. α1 (phenylephrine), α2 (clonidine), ß1 (dobutamine), or ß2 (salbutamol)-adrenoceptor agonists were injected subcutaneously (sc), intrathecally (it), or intra-articularly (ia) to activate peripheral, spinal, or intra-articular adrenoceptors and to study their effects on articular edema formation and neutrophil migration into the synovial cavity. RESULTS: Treatments with phenylephrine did not affect the edema formation, but it increased neutrophil migration when injected subcutaneously (155.3%) or intra-articularly (187.7%). Treatments with clonidine inhibited neutrophil migration (59.9% sc, 68.7% it, 42.8% ia) regardless of the route of administration, but it inhibited edema formation only when injected intrathecally (66.7%) or intra-articularly (36%) but not subcutaneously. Treatments with dobutamine inhibited both edema (42.0% sc, 69.5% it, 61.6% ia) and neutrophil migration (28.4% sc, 70.3% it, 82.4% ia) in a concentration dependent manner. Likewise, all the treatments with salbutamol also inhibited edema formation (89.9% sc, 62.4% it, 69.8% ia) and neutrophil migration (76.6% sc, 39.1% it, 71.7% ia). CONCLUSION: Whereas the ß-adrenoceptor agonists induced anti-inflammatory effects regardless of their route of administration, α1- and α2-adrenoceptor agonists induced either pro- and anti-inflammatory effects, respectively.
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Agonistas alfa-Adrenérgicos/administración & dosificación , Agonistas alfa-Adrenérgicos/farmacología , Agonistas Adrenérgicos beta/administración & dosificación , Agonistas Adrenérgicos beta/farmacología , Artritis Experimental/tratamiento farmacológico , Albuterol/administración & dosificación , Albuterol/farmacología , Animales , Movimiento Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Clonidina/administración & dosificación , Clonidina/farmacología , Dobutamina/administración & dosificación , Dobutamina/farmacología , Edema/tratamiento farmacológico , Inyecciones Intraarticulares , Inyecciones Intraperitoneales , Inyecciones Espinales , Articulación de la Rodilla , Masculino , Ratones , Neutrófilos/efectos de los fármacos , Fenilefrina/administración & dosificación , Fenilefrina/farmacología , ZimosanRESUMEN
Neuroendocrine changes are essential factors contributing to the progression and development of rheumatoid arthritis. However, the role of estrogen in the innate immunity during arthritis development is still controversial. Here, we evaluated the effect of estrous cycle, ovariectomy, estradiol replacement therapy and treatment with estrogen receptor (ER)α and ERß specific agonists on joint edema formation, neutrophil recruitment, and articular levels of cytokines/chemokines in murine zymosan-induced arthritis. Our results showed that articular inflammation of proestus/estrus was similar to metaestus/diestrus animals indicating that the inflammatory response in acute arthritis is not affected by the estrous cycle. However, ovariectomy increased joint swelling, neutrophil migration, and TNF-α level. Treatment for six consecutive days with estradiol cypionate re-established the acute inflammation in ovariectomized arthritic mice to responses similar to those in SHAM-proestrus/estrus or naive mice. Moreover, treatment with propylpyrazoletriol and diarylpropionitrile, two ERα and ERß selective agonists, respectively, inhibited both edema and neutrophil recruitment. Finally, the non-genomic properties of estradiol were analyzed with an acute treatment with ß-estradiol-water soluble, which reduced the edema only. In the present study, estradiol replacement therapy improves the innate immune responses in ovariectomized arthritic mice by activating nuclear estrogen receptors. These results suggest that estradiol can induce a protective anti-inflammatory effect in arthritis during ovaries failure, as observed in the menopause.
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Artritis/tratamiento farmacológico , Estradiol/uso terapéutico , Estrógenos/uso terapéutico , Terapia de Reemplazo de Hormonas , Animales , Artritis/inmunología , Femenino , Inmunidad Innata/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones , Neutrófilos/efectos de los fármacos , OvariectomíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: We investigated whether the treatment with enalapril maleate, combined with aerobic physical training, promotes positive effects on the autonomic balance, the morphology and the cardiac function in female rats submitted to early ovarian failure. METHODS: Thirty-five female Wistar rats, ovariectomized at 10weeks of age, were assigned into Ovariectomized rats (OVX) and Ovariectomized rats treated with enalapril maleate (OVX-EM, 10mg-1·kg-1·d-1) Each group was subdivided into sedentary and trained (aerobic swimming training for 10weeks). All animals were submitted to a) double pharmacological autonomic blockade, b) study of morphology and cardiac function by echocardiography, and c) analysis of cardiac fibrosis. RESULTS: The OVX-EM sedentary group showed a significant increase in cardiac fibrosis, relative heart weight, interventricular septum thickness and increased sympathetic participation and reduced participation of the vagal tone in the determination of the basal heart rate when compared to the OVX sedentary group. Physical training reduced cardiac fibrosis in both groups, however, with less intensity in the OVX-EM group. It also increased the absolute and relative heart weight and the end-systolic volume. Finally, the OVX-EM trained group showed higher values for left ventricular end-systolic volume and lower values for ejection fraction and shortening fraction than the sedentary OVX-EM group. CONCLUSION: Enalapril maleate exacerbated cardiac fibrosis and increased sympathetic participation in the basal heart rate determination, without significantly affecting the cardiac function. Aerobic physical training did not change the cardiac autonomic control, but reduced cardiac fibrosis and had little effect on the cardiac function.
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Inhibidores de la Enzima Convertidora de Angiotensina/farmacología , Enalapril/farmacología , Cardiopatías/fisiopatología , Enfermedades del Ovario/fisiopatología , Condicionamiento Físico Animal , Animales , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Ecocardiografía , Terapia por Ejercicio , Femenino , Fibrosis/diagnóstico por imagen , Fibrosis/patología , Fibrosis/fisiopatología , Fibrosis/terapia , Corazón/diagnóstico por imagen , Corazón/efectos de los fármacos , Corazón/fisiopatología , Cardiopatías/diagnóstico por imagen , Cardiopatías/patología , Cardiopatías/terapia , Hemodinámica/efectos de los fármacos , Hemodinámica/fisiología , Miocardio/patología , Tamaño de los Órganos , Enfermedades del Ovario/patología , Enfermedades del Ovario/terapia , Ovariectomía , Ratas Wistar , NataciónRESUMEN
ABSTRACT Objective The aim of this study was to investigate polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and to explore the relationship between body fat percentage and metabolic markers. Subjects and methods Sedentary women were assigned to PCOS (N = 60) and CONTROL (N = 60) groups. Each group was subdivided into three subgroups according to body fat percentage (22-27%, 27-32% and 32-37%). The protocol consisted of assessments of glucose, insulin, androgens, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP), leptin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Results The PCOS subgroups showed higher concentrations of androgens, LH and 17-OHP. Leptin showed direct relationship with increased body fat percentage, whereas adiponectin showed the inverse effect. However, both were unaffected by PCOS. TNF-α and IL-6 were higher in PCOS women and showed a direct relationship with increased body fat percentage. Glucose showed direct relationship with body fat percentage, whereas insulin presented higher values in PCOS women and direct relationship with increased body fat percentage. Conclusions Our findings indicate that PCOS and body fat percentage directly influence concentrations of insulin, TNF-α and IL-6, whereas leptin and adiponectin are influenced only by the increase in body fat percentage in these women. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2020;64(1):4-10