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1.
Pharmacogenomics J ; 20(2): 350, 2020 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30659276

RESUMEN

In the abstract and in other parts of the manuscript the authors wrote that the mutation rs396991 causes a valine (V) to phenylalanine (F) substitution at position 157. However, the correct codon number is 158. These errors have not been fixed in the original Article.

2.
Biol Reprod ; 100(3): 810-823, 2019 03 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30285093

RESUMEN

We previously demonstrated that in the mouse only two Y chromosome genes are required for a male to produce an offspring with the help of assisted reproduction technologies (ART): testis determinant Sry and spermatogonial proliferation factor Eif2s3y. Subsequently, we have shown that the function of these genes can be replaced by transgenic overexpression of their homologs, autosomally encoded Sox9 and X-chromosome encoded Eif2s3x. Males with Y chromosome contribution limited to two (XEif2s3yOSry), one (XEif2s3yOSox9 and XOSry,Eif2s3x), and no genes (XOSox9,Eif2s3x) produced haploid germ cells and sired offspring after ART. However, despite successful assisted reproductive outcome, they had smaller testes and displayed abnormal development of the seminiferous epithelium and testicular interstitium. Here we explored whether these testicular defects originated from altered pro-testis and pro-ovary factor signaling in genital ridges at the time of sex determination. Timed pregnancies were generated to obtain transgenic XEif2s3yOSry, XEif2s3yOSox9, XOSry,Eif2s3x, XOSox9,Eif2s3x, and wild-type XX and XY fetuses at 12.5 days post coitum. Dissected genital ridges were assessed for their morphology and anatomy, and expression of pro-testis and pro-ovary transcripts. All transgenic males displayed incomplete masculinization of gonadal shape, impaired development of testicular cords and gonadal vasculature, and decreased expression of factors promoting male pathway. Fetal gonad masculinization was more effective when sex determination was driven by the Sry transgene, in the presence of Y chromosome genes, and to a lesser extent a double dosage of X genes. The study adds to the understanding of the role of Y chromosome genes and their homologs during sex determination.


Asunto(s)
Desarrollo Embrionario/genética , Procesos de Determinación del Sexo/genética , Cromosoma Y/metabolismo , Animales , Desarrollo Embrionario/fisiología , Regulación del Desarrollo de la Expresión Génica , Genotipo , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Transgénicos , ARN , Procesos de Determinación del Sexo/fisiología
3.
Pharmacogenomics J ; 18(3): 474-479, 2018 05 22.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28719596

RESUMEN

FCGR2A-H131R and FCGR3A-V157F are single-nucleotide polymorphisms known to influence the outcome of patients treated with rituximab, cetuximab and trastuzumab. We investigated the impact of these polymorphisms on the clinical outcome of 103 patients with recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck treated with a platinum compound, fluorouracil and cetuximab as palliative first-line therapy. The survival of patients with FCGR2A-131H/H and/or FCGR3A-157V/V genotypes was significantly longer compared with patients carrying 131R and 157F alleles (median progression-free survival (PFS): 5.5 vs 4.1 months, P=0.02; median overall survival: 10.2 vs 7.2 months, P=0.04). In multivariate analysis, the FCGR2A and 3A genotypes as well as the time between initial diagnosis and relapse of disease not amenable to curative therapy remained the only independent prognostic factors for PFS. The results are in line with previous reports in colorectal cancer patients and confirm the possible value of genetic polymorphisms of immunocompetent cells for the success of cetuximab treatment.


Asunto(s)
Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/tratamiento farmacológico , Receptores de IgG/genética , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeza y Cuello/tratamiento farmacológico , Adulto , Anciano , Cetuximab/efectos adversos , Cetuximab/genética , Femenino , Fluorouracilo/administración & dosificación , Fluorouracilo/efectos adversos , Genotipo , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Metástasis de la Neoplasia , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/genética , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/patología , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple/genética , Supervivencia sin Progresión , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeza y Cuello/genética , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeza y Cuello/patología
4.
Biol Reprod ; 96(3): 694-706, 2017 03 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28339606

RESUMEN

We recently investigated mice with Y chromosome gene contribution limited to two, one, or no Y chromosome genes in respect to their ability to produce haploid round spermatids and live offspring following round spermatid injection. Here we explored the normalcy of germ cells and Sertoli cells within seminiferous tubules, and the interstitial tissue of the testis in these mice. We performed quantitative analysis of spermatogenesis and interstitial tissue on Periodic acid-Schiff and hematoxylin-stained mouse testis sections. The seminiferous epithelium of mice with limited Y gene contribution contained various cellular abnormalities, the total number of which was higher than in the males with an intact Y chromosome. The distribution of specific abnormality types varied among tested genotypes. The males with limited Y genes also had an increased population of testicular macrophages and internal vasculature structures. The data indicate that Y chromosome gene deficiencies in mice are associated with cellular abnormalities of the seminiferous epithelium and some changes within the testicular interstitium.


Asunto(s)
Genes Ligados a Y , Epitelio Seminífero/anomalías , Animales , Masculino , Ratones , Espermatogénesis
5.
Biol Reprod ; 93(6): 141, 2015 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26536904

RESUMEN

The Y chromosome gene Sry is responsible for sex determination in mammals and initiates a cascade of events that direct differentiation of bipotential genital ridges toward male-specific fate. Sox9 is an autosomal gene and a primary downstream target of SRY. The activation of Sox9 in the absence of Sry is sufficient for initiation of male-specific sex determination. Sry-to-Sox9 replacement has mostly been studied in the context of sex determination during early embryogenesis. Here, we tested whether Sry-to-Sox9 replacement affects male fertility in adulthood. We examined males with the Y chromosome carrying a deletion removing the endogenous Sry, with testes determination driven either by the Sox9 (XY(Tdym1)Sox9) or the Sry (XY(Tdym1)Sry) transgenes as well as wild-type males (XY). XY(Tdym1)Sox9 males had reduced testes size, altered testes shape and vasculature, and increased incidence of defects in seminiferous epithelium underlying the coelomic blood vessel region when compared to XY(Tdym1)Sry and XY. There were no differences between XY(Tdym1)Sry and XY(Tdym1)Sox9 males in respect to sperm number, motility, morphology, and ability to fertilize oocytes in vitro, but for some parameters, transgenic males were impaired when compared to XY. In fecundity trials, XY(Tdym1)Sry, XY(Tdym1)Sox9, and XY males yielded similar average numbers of pups and litters. Overall, our findings support that males lacking the testis determinant Sry can be fertile and reinforce the notion that Sry does not play a role in mature gonads. Although transgenic Sox9 overexpression in the absence of Sry results in certain testicular abnormalities, it does not translate into fertility impairment.


Asunto(s)
Fertilidad/genética , Factor de Transcripción SOX9/metabolismo , Proteína de la Región Y Determinante del Sexo/metabolismo , Espermatogénesis/genética , Espermatozoides/metabolismo , Animales , Forma de la Célula/genética , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Transgénicos , Factor de Transcripción SOX9/genética , Proteína de la Región Y Determinante del Sexo/genética , Recuento de Espermatozoides , Motilidad Espermática/genética , Espermatozoides/citología
6.
Br J Cancer ; 111(1): 55-60, 2014 Jul 08.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24874478

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: High levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), an acute phase protein, proofed being associated with decreased clinical outcome in small-scale studies in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic impact of pretreatment CRP levels on overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in a large bicentre study of DLBCL patients. METHODS: Data from 477 DLBCL patients, diagnosed and treated between 2004 and 2013 at two Austrian centres, were evaluated retrospectively. The prognostic influence of CRP and other factors, including age, tumour stage, and revised International Prognostic Index (R-IPI) on 5-year OS and 5-year DFS, were studied by Kaplan-Meier curves as well as univariate and multivariate Cox regression models. Influence of CRP on the predictive accuracy of the R-IPI score was determined by the Harrell concordance index. RESULTS: Kaplan-Meier curves revealed elevated CRP as a factor for decreased 5-year OS and DFS in DLBCL patients (P<0.001, log-rank test). An independent significant association between high CRP levels and poor clinical outcome in multivariate analysis for 5-year OS (HR=1.51, CI 95%=1.04-2.20, P=0.031) and for DFS (HR=1.91, CI 95%=1.28-2.85, P=0.002) was found. The estimated concordance index was 0.75 using the original R-IPI score and 0.79 when CRP was added. CONCLUSIONS: In the present study, we demonstrated high CRP levels at diagnosis of DLBCL as an independent poor prognostic factor for clinical outcome. Adding CRP to the well-established prognostic models such as the R-IPI score might improve their predictive ability.


Asunto(s)
Proteína C-Reactiva/metabolismo , Linfoma de Células B Grandes Difuso/sangre , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Femenino , Humanos , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Linfoma de Células B Grandes Difuso/tratamiento farmacológico , Linfoma de Células B Grandes Difuso/patología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Pronóstico , Estudios Retrospectivos
7.
Ann Oncol ; 25(1): 171-6, 2014 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24299961

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Obesity is a well-known risk factor for the development of several types of cancer including lymphomas, but its influence on the course of disease is fairly unknown. Recently, a retrospective cancer registry analysis demonstrated significantly prolonged survival for overweight and obese patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). The study population almost exclusively consisted of male US American patients of lower socioeconomic status and one-fifth of patients received cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone (CHOP) chemotherapy without rituximab. Therefore, it remains unclear if these results can be extrapolated to the general DLBCL population. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This retrospective single-center analysis included 183 unselected DLBCL patients who were treated with rituximab and standard-dosed anthracycline-based chemoimmunotherapy as first-line therapy between January 2004 and December 2012. Patients were stratified by body mass index (BMI) into 'low BMI' (<25.0 kg/m(2)) and 'high BMI' (≥25.0 kg/m(2)). RESULTS: The two groups were well balanced regarding age, performance score, international prognostic index, B-symptoms and extranodal involvement. However, there was a trend for male sex (P = 0.053) and higher-stage disease (P = 0.066) in the high-BMI group. Patients with higher BMI had significantly longer overall survival (OS; hazard ratio [HR] 0.546; P = 0.035) with 80.9% of patients alive at 3 years versus 64.2% in the low-BMI group. BMI was also an independent prognostic factor for OS in multivariate analysis (HR 0.557; P = 0.043). CONCLUSION: We could show a significant association between overweight/obesity and improved OS in an unselected DLBCL cohort.


Asunto(s)
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Linfoma de Células B Grandes Difuso/patología , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Anticuerpos Monoclonales de Origen Murino/administración & dosificación , Índice de Masa Corporal , Estudios de Cohortes , Ciclofosfamida/administración & dosificación , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Doxorrubicina/administración & dosificación , Doxorrubicina/análogos & derivados , Femenino , Humanos , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Linfoma de Células B Grandes Difuso/tratamiento farmacológico , Linfoma de Células B Grandes Difuso/mortalidad , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Polietilenglicoles/administración & dosificación , Prednisona/administración & dosificación , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , Rituximab , Resultado del Tratamiento , Vincristina/administración & dosificación , Adulto Joven
8.
ESMO Open ; 8(1): 100750, 2023 02.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36634531

RESUMEN

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is usually treated with chemoimmunotherapy in curative intention at initial diagnosis. Novel agents have improved the prognosis of high-risk patients in the front-line and relapsed setting and more accurate prognostic tools enable less intensive treatment for low-risk patients, while maintaining their good prognosis. Here, we summarize our approach to DLBCL patients in the first-line setting according to their risk profile and other common challenges in clinical practice. We recommend an abbreviated course of chemoimmunotherapy in low-risk patients and a negative interim positron emission tomography. For patients with higher-risk disease, a new combination treatment with polatuzumab vedotin has been approved and is a new option in these patients. We also discuss our approach to patients with high risk for subsequent central nervous system involvement, with leg-type lymphoma or with severe comorbidities.


Asunto(s)
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica , Linfoma de Células B Grandes Difuso , Humanos , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Linfoma de Células B Grandes Difuso/tratamiento farmacológico , Pronóstico , Inmunoterapia
9.
Infection ; 39(4): 341-52, 2011 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21544585

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: To describe the clinical features, risk factors for severe disease and effectiveness of oseltamivir in patients with 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus infection. METHODS: In a prospective, cross-sectional, multicentre study, data on 540 patients with confirmed 2009 H1N1 infection from seven Austrian hospitals were collected using a standardised online case-history form. RESULTS: The median age of the patients was 19.3 years (range 26 days-90.8 years); point-of-care testing yielded false-negative results in 60.2% of the 176 cases tested. The most common symptoms were fever, cough, fatigue and headache. Overall, 343 patients (63.5%) were hospitalised, 49 (9.1%) were admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) and 14 (4.1%) died. Case fatality rates were highest (9.1%) in those aged 65 years or older. Factors significantly associated with a higher risk for ICU admission included age, neurological disease, adipositas, and both interstitial pathology and lobular pathology on chest X-ray. No association with pregnancy, malignancy or immunosuppressive therapy was detected. Antiviral treatment significantly reduced the duration of fever by 0.66 days and lowered the risk of ICU admission, but had no significant benefit on survival. CONCLUSIONS: During the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic, elderly or obese patients and those with neurological disease had an increased risk for severe H1N1 infection in Austria. Pregnancy was not associated with a higher risk for severe disease in the later phase of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic. Antiviral treatment provided a minimal effect on the symptoms of influenza but reduced the risk of admission to an ICU.


Asunto(s)
Antivirales/uso terapéutico , Subtipo H1N1 del Virus de la Influenza A/aislamiento & purificación , Gripe Humana/tratamiento farmacológico , Gripe Humana/epidemiología , Oseltamivir/uso terapéutico , Pandemias , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Austria/epidemiología , Niño , Preescolar , Comorbilidad , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Hospitalización , Humanos , Incidencia , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Subtipo H1N1 del Virus de la Influenza A/efectos de los fármacos , Gripe Humana/complicaciones , Gripe Humana/virología , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Adulto Joven
10.
ESMO Open ; 6(1): 100012, 2021 02.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33399078

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The prognosis of patients with secondary central nervous system lymphoma (SCNSL) is poor and despite massive advances in understanding the mutational landscape of primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), the genetic comparison to SCNSL is still lacking. We therefore collected paired samples from six patients with DLBCL with available biopsies from a lymph node (LN) at primary diagnosis and the central nervous system (CNS) at recurrence. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A targeted, massively parallel sequencing approach was used to analyze 216 genes recurrently mutated in DLBCL. Healthy tissue from each patient was also sequenced in order to exclude germline mutations. The results of the primary biopsies were compared with those of the CNS recurrences to depict the genetic background of SCNSL and evaluate clonal evolution. RESULTS: Sequencing was successful in five patients, all of whom had at least one discordant mutation that was not detected in one of their samples. Four patients had mutations that were found in the CNS but not in the primary LN. Discordant mutations were found in genes known to be important in lymphoma biology such as MYC, CARD11, EP300 and CCND3. Two patients had a Jaccard similarity coefficient below 0.5 indicating substantial genetic differences between the primary LN and the CNS recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: This analysis gives an insight into the genetic landscape of SCNSL and confirms the results of our previous study on patients with systemic recurrence of DLBCL with evidence of substantial clonal diversification at relapse in some patients, which might be one of the mechanisms of treatment resistance.


Asunto(s)
Neoplasias del Sistema Nervioso Central , Linfoma de Células B Grandes Difuso , Sistema Nervioso Central , Neoplasias del Sistema Nervioso Central/diagnóstico , Neoplasias del Sistema Nervioso Central/genética , Evolución Clonal/genética , Humanos , Linfoma de Células B Grandes Difuso/diagnóstico , Linfoma de Células B Grandes Difuso/genética , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/genética
11.
J Am Board Fam Med ; 33(4): 502-511, 2020.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32675261

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The opioid crisis presents many challenges for family practice providers in rural communities who treat patients with chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP). Unfortunately, evidence for effective opioid reduction strategies is sparse. We evaluated the effects of implementing a comprehensive opioid reduction protocol on overall opioid prescribing among patients with chronic non-cancer pain in our rural family medicine clinics. METHODS: We compared mean daily milligrams morphine equivalent (MME) prescribed to patients with CNCP in our rural family medicine clinic (n = 93) with another matched clinic (n =93) after implementation of our comprehensive protocol. We also compared mean daily MME prescribed to our patients with CNCP before and after implementation of the protocol. In a subsequent cross over phase, we examined the effects of the protocol when applied to the original control group patients. RESULTS: Mean daily MME in the intervention clinic (29.77) was significantly lower than the control clinic (93.2) after the intervention (t = 6.03; P < .00). Mean daily MME in the intervention group was significantly lower after implementation of the protocol (29.77) than before the protocol (MME 80.34) (t = 5.889; P < .00). After crossover, the mean daily MME was significantly lower (14.34) in the original control group than prior to the cross over intervention (85.68); (t = 8.19; P = .00). DISCUSSION: Our comprehensive opioid reduction protocol led to significant reductions in opioid prescribing in our rural family medicine clinics. Future studies should include important qualitative outcome measures such as patient function.


Asunto(s)
Analgésicos Opioides , Dolor Crónico , Dolor Crónico/tratamiento farmacológico , Estudios Cruzados , Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria , Humanos , Pautas de la Práctica en Medicina , Población Rural
12.
Curr Biol ; 11(24): R1013-6, 2001 Dec 11.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11747837

RESUMEN

Recent studies on BAFF, a member of the tumor necrosis factor family, and the discovery of a new BAFF receptor have revealed that this ligand-receptor pair is essential for B-cell survival and differentiation, holding promise for a better understanding and treatment of some autoimmune diseases and lymphomas.


Asunto(s)
Proteínas de la Membrana/metabolismo , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Animales , Factor Activador de Células B , Linfocitos B/citología , Supervivencia Celular/fisiología , Proteínas de la Membrana/fisiología , Ratones , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/fisiología
13.
Leuk Res ; 59: 12-19, 2017 08.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28535394

RESUMEN

Alloimmunization to Red Blood Cell (RBC) antigens frequently occurs in patients with myeloid neoplasms (AML, MDS and CMML) and potentially poses the patient at risk for delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions and limited supply of compatible RBC-units. However, there is comparatively little data on transfusion associated characteristics in this patient cohort. We therefore retrospectively analyzed transfusion requirements and clinical outcomes of 184 patients with myloid neoplasms treated with azacitidine at the Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, which were included in the Austrian Registry of Hypomethylating Agents. The mean blood component requirements for AML, MDS and CMML were 39.8, 67.4 and 31.4 RBC units and 31.7, 27.6 and 19.1 platelet (PLT) units respectively. In spite of an extended and stringent RBC unit matching policy (ABO, RhD, RhCcEe and K antigens), 20 (11%) patients formed at least one alloantibody ("allo-group"), whereas 164 patients (89%) did not ("non-allo-group"). The most frequent antibody specificity was anti-E, followed by anti-Wra -Lua, -D, -C and -Jka. Alloimmunization was associated with higher numbers of transfused RBC units (68 vs. 38; p=0.001), as well as with longer time under transfusion (16.7 vs. 9.4 months; p=0.014). Median overall survival (OS) did not differ significantly between the "allo"- and "non-allo-group".


Asunto(s)
Eritrocitos/inmunología , Síndromes Mielodisplásicos/terapia , Adulto , Anciano , Antimetabolitos Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Azacitidina/uso terapéutico , Transfusión de Eritrocitos/efectos adversos , Transfusión de Eritrocitos/métodos , Femenino , Humanos , Isoanticuerpos/sangre , Leucemia Mielógena Crónica BCR-ABL Positiva/complicaciones , Leucemia Mielógena Crónica BCR-ABL Positiva/mortalidad , Leucemia Mielógena Crónica BCR-ABL Positiva/terapia , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/complicaciones , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/mortalidad , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/terapia , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Síndromes Mielodisplásicos/complicaciones , Síndromes Mielodisplásicos/mortalidad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Tasa de Supervivencia , Reacción a la Transfusión/etiología
14.
Leukemia ; 31(5): 1117-1122, 2017 05.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27909342

RESUMEN

Bleeding because of impaired platelet function is a major side effect of the Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor ibrutinib. We quantitatively assessed ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation (RIPA) in 64 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) under ibrutinib at 287 time points. Eighty-seven bleeding episodes in 39 patients were registered (85 Common Toxicity Criteria (CTC) grade 1 or 2, 2 CTC grade 3) during a median observation period of 10.9 months. At times of bleeding, RIPA values were significantly lower (14 vs 28 U; P<0.0001). RIPA was impaired in patients receiving concomitant antiplatelet therapy or anticoagulation (14 vs 25 U, P=0.005). A gradual decline of median RIPA values was observed with increasing bleeding severity. Importantly, no CTC grade 2 or 3 bleeding were observed with RIPA values of >36 U. Sequential monitoring indicated a decrease of RIPA values from a median of 17 to 9 U within 2 weeks after initiation of treatment as well as an increase above the critical threshold of 36 U within 7 days when ibrutinib was paused. Low RIPA values were similar during treatment with another BTK inhibitor, CC292. Quantitative assessment of platelet function is a practical tool to monitor bleeding tendency under BTK-inhibitor therapy.


Asunto(s)
Hemorragia/inducido químicamente , Leucemia Linfocítica Crónica de Células B/tratamiento farmacológico , Agregación Plaquetaria/efectos de los fármacos , Pirazoles/efectos adversos , Pirimidinas/efectos adversos , Ristocetina/farmacología , Adenina/análogos & derivados , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Monitoreo de Drogas/métodos , Femenino , Hemorragia/tratamiento farmacológico , Humanos , Leucemia Linfocítica Crónica de Células B/complicaciones , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Piperidinas , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/efectos adversos , Pirazoles/administración & dosificación , Pirimidinas/administración & dosificación
15.
Cancer Res ; 51(21): 5821-5, 1991 Nov 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1718584

RESUMEN

The dihydropyridine derivative B859-35 inhibits phospholipid- and calcium-dependent protein kinase C (PKC) in cell-free extracts from NIH3T3 cells. Inhibition is competitive with regard to phosphatidylserine. At 1 microM phosphatidylserine, half-maximal inhibition (IC50) is obtained at approximately 2.5 microM B859-35. 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-dependent activation of the Na+/H+ antiporter was used to determine whether the enzyme is also affected in intact cells. The activity of the antiporter was monitored by following the dimethylamiloride-sensitive cytosolic alkalinization. It is demonstrated that B859-35 depresses the TPA-induced alkalinization with an IC50 of 5 microM, indicating that PKC in intact cells and the enzyme in cell-free extracts are equally sensitive to the drug. TPA-induced expression of the c-fos gene was used as an additional marker for intracellular PKC activity. Activation of c-fos expression was determined by measuring chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) activity in cells transfected with a c-fosCAT construct in which the CAT gene is expressed under the control of the endogenous human c-fos promoter. The studies revealed that 2.5 microM B859-35, a concentration equivalent to the IC50 in cell-free extracts, significantly depresses TPA-induced c-fosCAT expression. B859-35 inhibited cellular proliferation of NIH3T3 cells with an IC50 of approximately 5 microM. This is close to the IC50 for the anti-PKC activity of B859-35. It is suggested that the inhibition of PKC contributes to the growth inhibition following exposure to B859-35.


Asunto(s)
Bloqueadores de los Canales de Calcio/farmacología , División Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Dihidropiridinas/farmacología , Genes fos/efectos de los fármacos , Proteína Quinasa C/antagonistas & inhibidores , Acetato de Tetradecanoilforbol/farmacología , 1-Metil-3-Isobutilxantina/farmacología , Células 3T3 , Animales , Secuencia de Bases , Proteínas Portadoras/metabolismo , Cloranfenicol O-Acetiltransferasa/genética , Cloranfenicol O-Acetiltransferasa/metabolismo , Citosol/efectos de los fármacos , Citosol/metabolismo , Elementos de Facilitación Genéticos , Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Cinética , Ratones , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Fosfatidilserinas/farmacología , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusión/metabolismo , Intercambiadores de Sodio-Hidrógeno , Transcripción Genética/efectos de los fármacos , Transfección
16.
Cancer Res ; 57(16): 3331-4, 1997 Aug 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9269989

RESUMEN

Induction of apoptosis is considered to be the underlying mechanism that accounts for the efficiency of chemotherapeutic drugs. It has recently been proposed that induction of Fas ligand (FasL) expression with subsequent autocrine and/or paracrine induction of cell death through binding to the Fas (Apo-1/CD95) membrane accounts for chemotherapy-associated apoptosis. In the present study, we analyzed the significance of FasL expression in the mediation of drug-induced apoptosis in the T-acute lymphatic leukemia model CEM. In particular, we examined the potential of the tumor drugs fludarabine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin to induce FasL expression. We also raised the question of whether apoptosis induced by these drugs occurs through the Fas pathway and hence can be blocked by the cowpox virus protein CrmA, a specific inhibitor of this pathway. All tumor drugs examined led to an increase in FasL protein. However, overexpression of CrmA had no effect on drug-induced apoptosis. Moreover, neither incubation with inhibitory monoclonal antibodies against Fas that completely prevented Fas-induced apoptosis in these cells nor pretreatment with a monoclonal antibody to FasL affected drug-induced cell death. Our observations suggest a Fas/FasL-independent mechanism for drug-induced apoptosis and exclude the involvement of caspase 1 and caspase 8 in this process in T-acute lymphatic leukemia cells.


Asunto(s)
Apoptosis/fisiología , Leucemia-Linfoma de Células T del Adulto/patología , Ligandos , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Receptor fas/metabolismo , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Cisplatino/farmacología , Doxorrubicina/farmacología , Proteína Ligando Fas , Humanos , Leucemia-Linfoma de Células T del Adulto/metabolismo , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/antagonistas & inhibidores , Transducción de Señal/fisiología , Células Tumorales Cultivadas , Regulación hacia Arriba/efectos de los fármacos , Vidarabina/análogos & derivados , Vidarabina/farmacología
17.
Leukemia ; 30(3): 570-9, 2016 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26522085

RESUMEN

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is characterized by apoptosis resistance and a dysfunctional immune system. Previous reports suggested a potential role of myeloid cells in mediating these defects. However, the composition and function of CLL-associated myeloid cells have not been thoroughly investigated in vivo. Using the Eµ-TCL1 mouse model, we observed severe skewing of myeloid cell populations with CLL development. Monocytes and M2-like macrophages infiltrated the peritoneal cavity of leukemic mice. Monocytes also accumulated in the spleen in a CCR2-dependent manner, and were severely skewed toward Ly6C(low) patrolling or nonclassical phenotype. In addition, the percentage of MHC-II(hi) dendritic cells and macrophages significantly dropped in the spleen. Gene expression profiling of CLL-associated monocytes revealed aberrantly high PD-L1 expression and secretion of multiple inflammatory and immunosuppressive cytokines like interleukin-10, tumor necrosis factor-α and CXCL9. In vivo myeloid cell depletion using liposomal Clodronate resulted in a significant control of CLL development accompanied by a pronounced repair of innate immune cell phenotypes and a partial resolution of systemic inflammation. In addition, CLL-associated skewing of T cells toward antigen-experienced phenotypes was repaired. The presented data suggest that targeting nonmalignant myeloid cells might serve as a novel immunotherapeutical strategy for CLL.


Asunto(s)
Ácido Clodrónico/farmacología , Regulación Leucémica de la Expresión Génica , Leucemia Linfocítica Crónica de Células B/tratamiento farmacológico , Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Monocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Antígenos Ly/genética , Antígenos Ly/inmunología , Antígeno B7-H1/genética , Antígeno B7-H1/inmunología , Quimiocina CXCL9/genética , Quimiocina CXCL9/inmunología , Células Dendríticas/efectos de los fármacos , Células Dendríticas/inmunología , Células Dendríticas/patología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Humanos , Inmunofenotipificación , Interleucina-10/genética , Interleucina-10/inmunología , Leucemia Linfocítica Crónica de Células B/genética , Leucemia Linfocítica Crónica de Células B/inmunología , Leucemia Linfocítica Crónica de Células B/patología , Macrófagos/inmunología , Macrófagos/patología , Ratones , Ratones Transgénicos , Monocitos/inmunología , Monocitos/patología , Cavidad Peritoneal/patología , Fenotipo , Receptores CCR2/genética , Receptores CCR2/inmunología , Transducción de Señal , Bazo/efectos de los fármacos , Bazo/inmunología , Bazo/patología , Linfocitos T/efectos de los fármacos , Linfocitos T/inmunología , Linfocitos T/patología , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/genética , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/inmunología
18.
Science ; 351(6272): 514-6, 2016 Jan 29.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26823431

RESUMEN

The mammalian Y chromosome is considered a symbol of maleness, as it encodes a gene driving male sex determination, Sry, as well as a battery of other genes important for male reproduction. We previously demonstrated in the mouse that successful assisted reproduction can be achieved when the Y gene contribution is limited to only two genes, Sry and spermatogonial proliferation factor Eif2s3y. Here, we replaced Sry by transgenic activation of its downstream target Sox9, and Eif2s3y, by transgenic overexpression of its X chromosome-encoded homolog Eif2s3x. The resulting males with no Y chromosome genes produced haploid male gametes and sired offspring after assisted reproduction. Our findings support the existence of functional redundancy between the Y chromosome genes and their homologs encoded on other chromosomes.


Asunto(s)
Factor 2 Eucariótico de Iniciación/genética , Factor de Transcripción SOX9/genética , Proteína de la Región Y Determinante del Sexo/genética , Espermatogénesis/genética , Cromosoma X/genética , Cromosoma Y/genética , Animales , Femenino , Dosificación de Gen , Haploidia , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Transgénicos , Técnicas Reproductivas Asistidas , Espermatogonias/citología , Espermatogonias/metabolismo
19.
Leukemia ; 30(4): 929-36, 2016 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26639181

RESUMEN

In chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) the level of minimal residual disease (MRD) after therapy is an independent predictor of outcome. Given the increasing number of new agents being explored for CLL therapy, using MRD as a surrogate could greatly reduce the time necessary to assess their efficacy. In this European Research Initiative on CLL (ERIC) project we have identified and validated a flow-cytometric approach to reliably quantitate CLL cells to the level of 0.0010% (10(-5)). The assay comprises a core panel of six markers (i.e. CD19, CD20, CD5, CD43, CD79b and CD81) with a component specification independent of instrument and reagents, which can be locally re-validated using normal peripheral blood. This method is directly comparable to previous ERIC-designed assays and also provides a backbone for investigation of new markers. A parallel analysis of high-throughput sequencing using the ClonoSEQ assay showed good concordance with flow cytometry results at the 0.010% (10(-4)) level, the MRD threshold defined in the 2008 International Workshop on CLL guidelines, but it also provides good linearity to a detection limit of 1 in a million (10(-6)). The combination of both technologies would permit a highly sensitive approach to MRD detection while providing a reproducible and broadly accessible method to quantify residual disease and optimize treatment in CLL.


Asunto(s)
Antígenos CD/metabolismo , Citometría de Flujo/normas , Secuenciación de Nucleótidos de Alto Rendimiento/métodos , Leucemia Linfocítica Crónica de Células B/terapia , Neoplasia Residual/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Adulto , Terapia Combinada , Europa (Continente) , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Inmunofenotipificación , Leucemia Linfocítica Crónica de Células B/patología , Masculino , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Neoplasia Residual/genética , Neoplasia Residual/metabolismo , Pronóstico , Adulto Joven
20.
FEBS Lett ; 402(1): 36-40, 1997 Jan 27.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9013854

RESUMEN

Glucocorticoids (GC) induce programmed cell death (apoptosis) in immature lymphocytes and are an essential component in the therapy of acute lymphatic leukemia. The mechanism underlying GC-induced apoptosis particularly in leukemia cells is, however, not well understood. Most forms of apoptosis seem to employ a common final effector pathway characterized by specific proteolytic events mediated by interleukin 1beta-converting enzyme (ICE) and/or other ICE-like cysteine proteases. These events may result in the morphologic changes characteristic of apoptosis. To determine whether a similar proteolytic pathway is activated during GC-induced leukemia cell apoptosis, we investigated poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), a typical target of ICE-like proteases, during GC-induced apoptosis of the human acute T-cell leukemic cell line CEM-C7H2. Our studies showed proteolytic PARP cleavage suggestive of activation of ICE-like proteases that preceeded morphologic signs of apoptosis. We further established stably transfected CEM-C7H2 sublines expressing the cowpox virus protein CrmA that inhibits some, but not all, ICE-like proteases. GC-induced PARP cleavage and apoptosis were neither inhibited nor delayed in crmA-expressing cell lines. In contrast, crmA expression rendered the same lines resistant to Apo1/Fas-induced PARP cleavage and apoptosis. Thus, different proteases might be activated during the effector phases of GC-and Apo1/Fas-induced apoptosis in human leukemia cells.


Asunto(s)
Apoptosis , Cisteína Endopeptidasas/metabolismo , Dexametasona/farmacología , Glucocorticoides/farmacología , Leucemia-Linfoma de Células T del Adulto/patología , Poli Adenosina Difosfato Ribosa/metabolismo , Serpinas/fisiología , Proteínas Virales , Caspasa 1 , Humanos , Leucemia-Linfoma de Células T del Adulto/enzimología , Serpinas/genética , Transfección , Células Tumorales Cultivadas , Receptor fas/inmunología , Receptor fas/fisiología
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