Bilateral Triple Talocalcaneal, Calcaneonavicular, and Talonavicular Tarsal Coalition: A Case Report.

We report a rare case of a female, aged 42 years, with symptomatic bilateral triple tarsal coalition, that is, talocalcaneal, calcaneonavicular, and talonavicular tarsal coalition. The patient was treated conservatively by adjusting her activities. At the 12-month follow-up, the patient was asymptomatic. Bilateral triple tarsal coalition is a rare disorder, especially in nonsyndromic patients. The purpose of this case report was to highlight this rare type of multiple bilateral tarsal coalitions and to discuss the relevant existing literature.

Significance of apoptotic and non-apoptotic disseminated tumor cells in the bone marrow of patients with clinically localized prostate cancer.

BACKGROUND: Disseminated tumor cells (DTC) can be detected in a high proportion of patients with localized solid malignancies. In prostate cancer (PC), determination of DTCs is critically discussed as there are conflicting results on their prognostic value. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the presence and prognostic role of DTCs in PC patients with a high risk of disease recurrence. METHODS: 248 patients with clinically localized PC undergoing radical prostatectomy with features of increased risk of recurrence (PSA ≥10 ng/ml or Gleason score ≥ 4 + 3 = 7 or pT ≥3) were included. All patients underwent intraoperative bone marrow (BM) aspiration biopsy. BM cells were evaluated by immunocytochemistry for cytokeratines and the apoptosis marker caspase-cleaved cytokeratin 18 (M30). Results of immunocytochemistry were correlated with clinical and pathological parameters and clinical outcome of the patients. RESULTS: Of 248 patients, 47 (19.0%) had evidence of DTCs at time of radical prostatectomy. In 17 of these 47 patients (36.2%), DTCs expressed the apoptosis marker M30. We observed no correlation between the presence of DTCs and tumor stage, nodal stage, prostate-specific antigen, or Gleason score. After a median-follow-up of 58 months (23-76), no differences in rates of biochemical recurrence, development of metastases and cancer-specific death were observed between patients with and without DTCs while apoptosis markers had no role. CONCLUSIONS: In a single-centre cohort of patients with increased risk for disease recurrence, the presence of DTCs at the time of prostatectomy does not influence clinical outcome. For the first time in patients with PC, DTCs were evaluated for immunocytological features indicating apoptosis. Due to conflicting results of studies on DTCs, BM biopsies at time of radical prostatectomy cannot be recommended as a standard procedure in patients with clinically localized PC.

Short-Term Clinical Outcome of Hemiarthroplasty Versus Arthrodesis for End-Stage Hallux Rigidus.

Few data are available to compare the outcomes of first metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ) hemiarthroplasty and arthrodesis. We included 46 patients who had undergone BioPro(®) first MTPJ hemiarthroplasty and 132 who had undergone arthrodesis, with a minimum follow-up duration of 12 months. The primary outcome was patient satisfaction, which was determined using binominal questions. The Foot and Ankle Outcome Score, Foot Function Index, and Numerical Rating Scale for pain and limitations questionnaires were also used. The secondary outcome was treatment failure. No differences were found in the satisfaction rate (p = .54) after a median period of 38.4 (range 12 to 96) months and 39.8 (range 12 to 96) months in the hemiarthroplasty and arthrodesis patients, respectively. Furthermore, no differences were found in the failure rates (p = .93) or the interval to failure (p = .32).The results of the present study showed no significant differences in the short-term clinical outcomes and failure rates for BioPro(®) first MTPJ hemiarthroplasty and arthrodesis. Prospective comparative studies are required to determine whether BioPro(®) first MTPJ hemiarthroplasty is a good alternative for first MTPJ arthrodesis in the long term.

Use of platelet rich plasma to treat plantar fasciitis: design of a multi centre randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: If conservative treatment for chronic plantar fasciitis fails, often a corticosteroid injection is given. Corticosteroid injection gives temporarily pain reduction, but no healing. Blood platelets initiate the natural healing rate. GPS(R) gives an eightfold concentrate platelets of patients own blood. Injection of these platelets in the attachment of the fascia to the os calcis might induce a healing rate. METHODS AND DESIGN: A randomized controlled multi centre trial will be performed. The study population consists of 120 patients of 18 years and older. Patients with chronic plantar fasciitis will be allocated randomly to have a steroid injection or an autologous platelet concentrate injections. Data will be collected before the procedure, 4,8,12,26 weeks and 1 year after the procedure.The main outcome measures of this study are pain and function measured with questionnaires. CONCLUSION: Recent literature show positive effects for the treatment of tendinosis with autologous platelet injections. The forthcoming trial will compare treatment for chronic plantar fasciitis with a steroid injection versus an autologous platelet injection. Our results will be published as soon as they become available. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT00758641.

Joint preservation surgery for correction of flexible pes cavovarus in adults.

BACKGROUND: Cavovarus foot deformity often results from muscular imbalance. If deformities are still flexible, surgical correction can be aimed primarily at improving muscular balance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively assessed the outcome of 19 procedures (in 15 patients) to evaluate patient satisfaction. All patients had a flexible deformity. The surgical procedures that were used included soft-tissue releases, tendon transfers and lengthenings, and osteotomies of either the first metatarsal or the calcaneus. The surgical results in terms of pain, function and alignment of the foot were evaluated by means of standardized questionnaire (AOFAS foot score and the Dutch version of the Foot Function Index), patient interview, physical examination and X-ray. The changes in calcaneal pitch and talus-metatarsal I angle were calculated. RESULTS: Overall patient satisfaction was good. The results were very satisfactory in five procedures, satisfactory in ten, moderately satisfactory in two, unsatisfactory in one, and very unsatisfactory in one procedure. The AOFAS hindfoot score was on average 82.5 +/- 16. The talus-metatarsal I angle significantly decreased from 22.5 to 17 degrees (p = 0.002). The anatomical corrections of the foot did not show association with the patients' clinical characteristics. CONCLUSION: Our results show that in joint preserving flexible pes cavovarus correction patient satisfaction is generally good. Radiographic alignment of the foot was not significantly associated with patient-based outcome in this small series of patients.

Lateral column lengthening for acquired adult flatfoot deformity caused by posterior tibial tendon dysfunction stage II: a retrospective comparison of calcaneus osteotomy with calcaneocuboid distraction arthrodesis.

In this study, clinical and radiological results after lateral column lengthening by calcaneocuboid distraction arthrodesis and calcaneus osteotomy were compared. Thirty-three patients (35 feet) treated with lateral column lengthening by distraction arthrodesis (14 patients, 16 feet; group I) or by calcaneus osteotomy (19 patients, 19 feet; group II) for adult-acquired flatfoot deformity caused by stage II posterior tibial tendon dysfunction were compared retrospectively. Mean follow-up was 42.4 months (range, 6-78 months) for group I and 15.8 months (range, 6-32 months) for group II (P < .001). The American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society ankle-hindfoot score was determined, 4 variables were measured on preoperative and postoperative weight-bearing radiographs, and a number of independent and outcome variables, including patient satisfaction, were recorded. Group 2 had a significantly higher American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society score compared with group I (mean, 85 vs. 72, respectively; P < .02) at time of last follow-up, and there were no dissatisfied patients in group I, whereas 2 patients in group II were dissatisfied with the result of the operation. All radiological results were significantly better at time of follow-up in both groups (except for talocalcaneal angle in group I), although no significant differences were noted in the amount of change in radiographic measurements between the groups. No significant correlation was found between follow-up time and radiographic improvement, indicating stable radiographic measurements over time. In group II, 13 mild calcaneocuboid subluxations were observed. In both groups, 1 nonunion and 1 wound complication occurred. Based on our experience with the patients described in this report, we recommend lateral column lengthening by means of calcaneus osteotomy rather than distraction arthrodesis of the calcaneocuboid joint, for correction of stage II posterior tibial tendon dysfunction.

Outcome after 52 Salto Ankle Prostheses Implanted by a Single Surgeon.

While ankle arthrodesis was traditionally the gold standard method of treatment for disabling end-stage ankle arthritis, total ankle replacement (TAR) has been an acceptable alternative. The satisfaction rate of patients with TAR however differs. The purpose of our study is to investigate whether implant survival and results with special emphasis on the satisfaction rate of patients treated with a TAR implanted by a single surgeon were comparable to the literature. This was a retrospective cohort study in a teaching hospital. Data was collected from 52 patients who received a total ankle replacement (TAR) between 05/2002 and 06/2014. The mean follow-up time was 4.2 years (95% CI 3.3 - 5.0). Results showed a high satisfaction rate of 94% and 94% survival of the TAR after 5 years. We conclude that TAR with the Salto prosthesis is, in our hands, a reliable solution for end-stage ankle arthritis, with results comparable to the literature.

Role of first ray hypermobility in the outcome of the Hohmann and the Lapidus procedure. A prospective, randomized trial involving one hundred and one feet.

BACKGROUND: The role of hypermobility of the first tarsometatarsal joint in the etiology of hallux valgus deformity is controversial. Consequently, the need to include an arthrodesis of this joint in the surgical treatment of hallux valgus has been questioned. We designed a study to evaluate the role of arthrodesis of the first tarsometatarsal joint on the outcome of surgical treatment of hallux valgus. METHODS: A prospective, blinded, randomized study was performed to compare the results of a distal osteotomy of the first metatarsal (the Hohmann procedure) with those of an arthrodesis of the first tarsometatarsal joint combined with a soft-tissue procedure of the first metatarsophalangeal joint (the Lapidus procedure) for correction of a symptomatic hallux valgus deformity. One hundred and one feet of eighty-seven patients were included in the study. Fifty feet had a Hohmann procedure, and fifty-one had a Lapidus procedure. The mobility of the first tarsometatarsal joint was assessed in the preoperative clinical examination. On the basis of this examination, two subgroups were identified: sixty-eight feet with a hypermobile first tarsometatarsal joint and thirty-three feet with a nonhypermobile first tarsometatarsal joint. The patients were assessed clinically and radiographically at two years after the operation. RESULTS: There was a significant improvement in the score on the great toe metatarsophalangeal-interphalangeal scale of the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society and in the pain score following both procedures (p < 0.001). With the numbers available, no significant difference between the two procedures or between the subgroups of feet with a hypermobile first tarsometatarsal joint and those with a nonhypermobile joint could be identified. The patient satisfaction rating did not differ either between the two procedures or between the two subgroups. The radiographic results of the two methods were also similar, except for shortening of the first metatarsal, which was significantly greater (p < 0.001) in the Hohmann group, and plantar flexion of the first metatarsal, which was greater in the Lapidus group. CONCLUSIONS: These short-term results were satisfactory and were comparable with those in previous isolated reports on these two procedures. As no significant differences between the two procedures or between the two subgroups (feet with a hypermobile first tarsometatarsal joint and those with a nonhypermobile joint) were found on clinical assessment, the theory that patients with hallux valgus and a hypermobile first tarsometatarsal joint should be managed with a Lapidus procedure was not supported. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic study, Level I-1a (randomized controlled trial [significant difference]). See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

The impact of a restrictive transfusion trigger on post-operative complication rate and well-being following elective orthopaedic surgery: a post-hoc analysis of a randomised study.

BACKGROUND: Peri-operative red blood cell transfusions have been associated with post-operative complications in patients undergoing elective orthopaedic hip or knee replacement surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a post-hoc analysis of data extracted from a randomised study on transfusion triggers using pre-storage leucocyte-depleted red blood cells. Patients who were assigned to the most restrictive transfusion policy ("restrictive group") were compared with patients who were assigned to the most liberal policy ("liberal group"). End-points were red blood cell use, hospital stay, haemoglobin levels, post-operative complications and quality of life scores. RESULTS: Of 603 patients, 26.4% patients in the restrictive group and 39.1% in the liberal group were transfused (P =0.001). The rate of post-operative infections was lower, although not statistically significantly so, in the restrictive group than in the liberal group (5.4% vs. 10.2%, respectively) as was the rate of respiratory complications (1.7% vs. 4.9%, respectively), whereas hospital stay, cardiovascular complications and mortality rate were not different in the two groups. Quality of life scores were not associated with type of transfusion policy, the number of red blood cell transfusions or the transfusion status. DISCUSSION: A restrictive transfusion protocol was not associated with worse outcome and resulted in a lower transfusion rate compared to the liberal policy. Well-being (quality of life) was not associated with transfusion policy or with red blood cell transfusions.