[Non-Classical Clinical Types and Pathological Changes of Diabetic Kidney Disease: A Review]. / ç³–å°¿ç— è‚¾è„ç–¾ç— éžç»å ¸ä¸´åºŠç±»åž‹ä¸Žç— ç†å˜åŒ–ç»¼è¿°.

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus and approximately 1/3 of diabetic patients may progress to DKD. A typical early clinical manifestation of DKD is microalbuminuria and patients may present with macroproteinuria accompanied by a decrease in renal function condition as the disease progresses. It is generally believed that the likelihood of a reversal of the disease is reduced after the development of macroproteinuria in patients with DKD, and that eventually some patients' condition may develop into end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Moreover, the thickening of the glomerular basement membrane, mesangial matrix expansion, Kimmelstiel-Wilson (K-W) nodules, and glomerulosclerosis in end-stage diabetes mellitus are typical pathologic changes of DKD. However, some DKD patients, especially those with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) combined with DKD, may have diverse clinical manifestations, showing variations in disease progression and regression, and manifesting as non-classical types of DKD, such as normoalbuminuric DKD, proteinuria-reduced DKD, and DKD with rapid decline in renal function. In addition, the formation of crescents, a special pathological change, is observed in renal biopsy. However, this issue is currently under-recognized by clinicians and therefore deserves more attention. In order to improve clinicians' understanding of the presentations and pathological changes of non-classical DKD and the level of DKD prevention and treatment in China, we present a preliminary introduction to the clinical phenotypes and pathological changes of non-classical types of DKD in this paper by summarizing the findings of our prior studies as well as domestic and international literature.

SRRM2 phase separation drives assembly of nuclear speckle subcompartments.

Nuclear speckles (NSs) are nuclear biomolecular condensates that are postulated to form by macromolecular phase separation, although the detailed underlying forces driving NS formation remain elusive. SRRM2 and SON are 2 non-redundant scaffold proteins for NSs. How each individual protein governs assembly of the NS protein network and the functional relationship between SRRM2 and SON are largely unknown. Here, we uncover immiscible multiphases of SRRM2 and SON within NSs. SRRM2 and SON are functionally independent, specifically regulating alternative splicing of subsets of mRNA targets, respectively. We further show that SRRM2 forms multicomponent liquid phases in cells to drive NS subcompartmentalization, which is reliant on homotypic interaction and heterotypic non-selective protein-RNA complex coacervation-driven phase separation. SRRM2 serine/arginine-rich (RS) domains form higher-order oligomers and can be replaced by oligomerizable synthetic modules. The serine residues within the RS domains, however, play an irreplaceable role in fine-tuning the liquidity of NSs.

Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of StTCP transcription factors of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.).

The plant-specific TCP transcription factors, which play critical roles in diverse aspects of biological processes, have been identified and analyzed in various plant species. However, no systematical study of TCP family genes in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) has been undertaken. In this study, a total of 31 non-redundant TCP transcription factors of potato were identified and divided into two subfamilies including three distinct subclades. The various orthologous TCP genes in Arabidopsis, rice, potato and tomato were identified using synteny and phylogenetic analysis. Protein motif analysis demonstrated that StTCPs in the same subclade shared similar conserved motif structures. Gene structure analysis showed that almost all StTCPs displayed highly conserved exon-intron organization. The analysis of StTCP gene promoter regions revealed that multiple cis-acting elements were involved in plant growth, development, hormone responses as well as stress responses. The result of StTCP gene expression profiles showed they had tissue-specific expression patterns which implied their differentiated functions. According to the results of quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), 7 StTCP genes were dramatically up-regulated during the release of tuber dormancy and some specific StTCP genes were strongly responding to different abiotic stresses and multiple hormones, which suggested they had important roles in potato growth and development processes. The results of our findings could provide comprehensive insights in StTCP family genes of potato for further functional investigations.