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1.
J Neurovirol ; 30(1): 86-99, 2024 02.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38453879

RESUMEN

Simian varicella virus (SVV) produces peripheral inflammatory responses during varicella (primary infection) and zoster (reactivation) in rhesus macaques (RM). However, it is unclear if peripheral measures are accurate proxies for central nervous system (CNS) responses. Thus, we analyzed cytokine and Aß42/Aß40 changes in paired serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) during the course of infection. During varicella and zoster, every RM had variable changes in serum and CSF cytokine and Aß42/Aß40 levels compared to pre-inoculation levels. Overall, peripheral infection appears to affect CNS cytokine and Aß42/Aß40 levels independent of serum responses, suggesting that peripheral disease may contribute to CNS disease.


Asunto(s)
Péptidos beta-Amiloides , Citocinas , Macaca mulatta , Animales , Péptidos beta-Amiloides/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Péptidos beta-Amiloides/sangre , Citocinas/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Citocinas/sangre , Activación Viral , Fragmentos de Péptidos/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Fragmentos de Péptidos/sangre , Varicellovirus/genética , Varicellovirus/inmunología , Herpesvirus Humano 3/patogenicidad , Herpesvirus Humano 3/inmunología , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/virología , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/sangre , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/inmunología , Masculino , Herpes Zóster/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Herpes Zóster/virología , Herpes Zóster/sangre , Herpes Zóster/inmunología , Enfermedades de los Monos/virología , Enfermedades de los Monos/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Enfermedades de los Monos/sangre
2.
J Neurovirol ; 26(6): 945-951, 2020 12.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32964407

RESUMEN

Varicella and zoster, produced by varicella-zoster virus (VZV), are associated with an increased risk of stroke that may be due to persistent inflammation and hypercoagulability. Because substance P is associated with inflammation, hypercoagulability, and atherosclerotic plaque rupture that may contribute to increased stroke risk after VZV infection, we measured serum substance P in simian varicella virus-infected rhesus macaques. We found significantly increased and persistent serum substance P concentrations during varicella and zoster compared with pre-inoculation, supporting the hypothesis that VZV-induced increases in serum substance P may contribute to increased stroke risk associated with VZV infection.


Asunto(s)
Herpesvirus Humano 3/inmunología , Sustancia P/genética , Infección por el Virus de la Varicela-Zóster/inmunología , Infección por el Virus de la Varicela-Zóster/veterinaria , Activación Viral/inmunología , Animales , Biomarcadores/sangre , Expresión Génica , Herpesvirus Humano 3/patogenicidad , Inmunosupresores/administración & dosificación , Inflamación , Macaca mulatta , Masculino , Riesgo , Accidente Cerebrovascular/etiología , Accidente Cerebrovascular/genética , Accidente Cerebrovascular/inmunología , Accidente Cerebrovascular/veterinaria , Sustancia P/sangre , Sustancia P/inmunología , Tacrolimus/administración & dosificación , Infección por el Virus de la Varicela-Zóster/complicaciones , Infección por el Virus de la Varicela-Zóster/genética , Irradiación Corporal Total
3.
Res Sq ; 2023 Oct 16.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37886544

RESUMEN

Simian varicella virus (SVV) produces peripheral inflammatory responses during varicella (primary infection) and zoster (reactivation) in rhesus macaques (RM). However, it is unclear if peripheral measures are accurate proxies for central nervous system (CNS) responses. Thus, we analyzed cytokine and Aß42/Aß40 changes in paired serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) during the course of infection. During varicella and zoster, every RM had variable changes in serum and CSF cytokine and Aß42/Aß40 levels compared to pre-inoculation levels. Overall, peripheral infection appears to affect CNS cytokine and Aß42/Aß40 levels independent of serum responses, suggesting that peripheral disease may contribute to CNS disease.

4.
Viruses ; 14(6)2022 05 27.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35746639

RESUMEN

Primary simian varicella virus (SVV) infection and reactivation in nonhuman primates is a valuable animal model in the study of varicella zoster virus disease [varicella (chickenpox) and herpes zoster (shingles)]. To understand SVV pathogenesis in skin, we inoculated 10 rhesus macaques with SVV, resulting in varicella rash. After the establishment of latency, eight of the monkeys were immunosuppressed using tacrolimus with or without irradiation and prednisone and two monkeys were not immunosuppressed. Zoster rash developed in all immunosuppressed monkeys and in one non-immunosuppressed monkey. Five monkeys had recurrent zoster. During varicella and zoster, SVV DNA in skin scrapings ranged from 50 to 107 copies/100 ng of total DNA and 2-127 copies/100 ng of total DNA, respectively. Detection of SVV DNA in blood during varicella was more frequent and abundant compared to that of zoster. During varicella and zoster, SVV antigens colocalized with neurons expressing ß-III tubulin in epidermis, hair follicles, and sweat glands, suggesting axonal transport of the virus. Together, we have demonstrated that both SVV DNA and antigens can be detected in skin lesions during varicella and zoster, providing the basis for further studies on SVV skin pathogenesis, including immune responses and mechanisms of peripheral spread.


Asunto(s)
Varicela , Exantema , Herpes Zóster , Varicellovirus , Animales , Herpesvirus Humano 3/fisiología , Macaca mulatta , Varicellovirus/genética
5.
Viruses ; 13(7)2021 06 26.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34206909

RESUMEN

Latent varicella zoster virus (VZV) has been detected in human adrenal glands, raising the possibility of virus-induced adrenal damage and dysfunction during primary infection or reactivation. Rare cases of bilateral adrenal hemorrhage and insufficiency associated with VZV reactivation have been reported. Since there is no animal model for VZV infection of adrenal glands, we obtained adrenal glands from two non-human primates (NHPs) that spontaneously developed varicella from primary simian varicella virus (SVV) infection, the NHP VZV homolog. Histological and immunohistochemical analysis revealed SVV antigen and DNA in the adrenal medulla and cortex of both animals. Adrenal glands were observed to have Cowdry A inclusion bodies, cellular necrosis, multiple areas of hemorrhage, and varying amounts of polymorphonuclear cells. No specific association of SVV antigen with ßIII-tubulin-positive nerve fibers was found. Overall, we found that SVV can productively infect NHP adrenal glands, and is associated with inflammation, hemorrhage, and cell death. These findings suggest that further studies are warranted to examine the contribution of VZV infection to human adrenal disease. This study also suggests that VZV infection may present itself as acute adrenal dysfunction with "long-hauler" symptoms of fatigue, weakness, myalgias/arthralgias, and hypotension.


Asunto(s)
Glándulas Suprarrenales/patología , Glándulas Suprarrenales/virología , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/patología , Herpesvirus Humano 3/patogenicidad , Glándulas Suprarrenales/citología , Animales , Femenino , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/virología , Técnicas Histológicas , Macaca fascicularis/virología , Masculino
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