In ovo feeding of creatine monohydrate increases performances of hatching and development in breeder chicks.

The current investigation was conducted to test the potential effects of in ovo feeding of creatine monohydrate (CMH) on hatchability, embryonic mortality, hatching weight, and development of heart and gastrointestinal tract (main organs and regions) of breeder chick embryos. Rhode Island Red fertile eggs were randomly distributed into seven experimental treatments: untreated egg (control), a sterile buffered solution (0.50% NaCl), and five solutions containing increased levels of CMH (0.50, 1.00, 1.50, and 2.00%) + 0.50% NaCl, being separated in four groups/replicates (three with 15 eggs and one with 16 eggs), totaling 61 eggs/treatment and a total of 427 fertile eggs used. All-in ovo injected groups with CMH decreased the hatchability and increased the intermediary embryonic mortality. At hatching, all-in ovo injected groups with CMH also increased the hatching weight and stimulated the development of the heart and the total length of the gastrointestinal tract, especially important organs for digestion of nutrients (yolk sac, pro-ventricle and gizzard) and regions for nutrient absorption (jejunum + ileum and colon + rectum). Conclusively, the in ovo feeding using CMH showed positive impacts on hatching weight and the development of gastrointestinal tract of chicks. However, caused negative impacts on hatchability.

Effect of in ovo injection of DL-methionine on hatchability, embryo mortality, hatching weight, blood biochemical parameters and gastrointestinal tract development of breeder chicks.

The current investigation was conducted to test the potential effects of in ovo feeding of DL-methionine (MET) on hatchability, embryonic mortality, hatching weight, blood biochemical parameters and development of heart and gastrointestinal (GIT) of breeder chick embryos. 224 Rhode Island Red fertile eggs were randomly distributed into seven experimental treatments: untreated egg (control), buffered saline (0.5% NaCl), and five solutions containing increased levels of MET (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5%) + 0.5% NaCl, being separated into four groups/replicates (each one with 8 eggs), totaling 32 eggs/treatment. All embryos submitted to in ovo injection with MET presented a decrease in the hatchability results and an increase in the results of intermediary embryonic mortality. Chicks hatched from eggs injected with until to 1.0% MET were heavier and presented better development of the heart and GIT, especially important organs and regions for digestion and nutrient absorption. Conclusively, the in ovo feeding using MET showed positive impacts on hatching weight and GIT development of breeder chicks. However, caused negative impacts on hatchability when used at high levels.

Combining sensory and texturometer parameters to characterize different type of cosmetic ingredients.

INTRODUCTION: Sensory properties have a great importance for cosmetics and personal care products. If literature permits to consult articles comparing different formulations on their sensory attributes, there are only a few articles concerning ingredients. OBJECTIVE: The overall objective of this study was to carry out an original study combining the sensory evaluation of different natures of ingredients, in order to initiate a sensory data set that could help researchers to identify differentiating sensory characteristics, as well as initiating a comparison between sensory data and texturometer instrumental measurements. METHODS: Oils, glycolic extracts, butter and starch were evaluated according to descriptive sensory analysis methodology with the help of panel of 25 experts. In order to compare responses obtained from the panel to instrumental measurements, texture analyzes were performed in compression traction model. RESULTS: Significant differences were detected in ten of the eleven evaluated sensory attributes, indicating that ingredients have distinct sensory profiles. The mainly discriminative attributes for the analyzed ingredients were: gloss, opacity, fluidity, freshness, whitening and oily residue. The oils are mostly related to oily residue and slipperiness while extracts are mostly related to gloss, fluidity and freshness attributes. Both Tapioca Starch and Shea Butter were related to non-fluidity, opacity, and Tapioca Starch was related to freshness too. This study was completed by a texturometer analysis which lead to show the opposite correlation between the sensory attribute fluidity and the consistent index.

INTRODUCTION: Les propriétés sensorielles ont une grande importance pour les cosmétiques et les produits de soins. Si la littérature permet de consulter des articles comparant différentes formulations sur leurs attributs sensoriels, il n'y a que quelques articles concernant les ingrédients. OBJECTIF: L'objectif global de cette étude était de réaliser une étude originale combinant l'évaluation sensorielle de différentes natures d'ingrédients, afin d'initier un ensemble de données sensorielles qui pourrait aider les chercheurs à identifier les caractéristiques sensorielles discriminantes, ainsi qu'à initier une comparaison entre données sensorielles et mesures instrumentales du texturomètre. MÉTHODES: Les huiles, les extraits glycoliques, le beurre et l'amidon ont été évalués selon la méthodologie d'analyse sensorielle descriptive avec l'aide d'un panel de 25 experts. Afin de comparer les réponses obtenues à partir du panel aux mesures instrumentales, des analyses de texture ont été effectuées avec un texturométre selon la méthode traction-compression. RÉSULTATS: Des différences significatives ont été détectées sur dix des onze attributs sensoriels évalués, indiquant que les ingrédients ont des profils sensoriels distincts. Les attributs principalement discriminants pour les ingrédients analysés étaient : la brillance, l'opacité, la fluidité, la fraîcheur, le blanchiment et les résidus huileux. Les huiles sont principalement liées aux descripteurs résidus huileux et glissant tandis que les extraits sont principalement liés aux attributs de brillance, de fluidité et de fraîcheur. L'amidon de tapioca et le beurre de karité étaient tous deux liés à la non-fluidité, l'opacité et l'amidon de tapioca était également lié à la fraîcheur. Cette étude a été complétée par une analyse texturométrique qui a montré la corrélation opposée entre le descripteur sensoriel fluide et l'indice de consistance.

Liquid Crystal Formation from Sunflower Oil: Long Term Stability Studies.

The Brazilian biodiversity offers a multiplicity of raw materials with great potential in cosmetics industry applications. Some vegetable oils and fatty esters increase skin hydration by occlusivity, keeping the skin hydrated and with a shiny appearance. Sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) oil is widely employed in cosmetic emulsions in the form of soaps, creams, moisturizers and skin cleansers due to the presence of polyphenols and its high vitamin E content. Liquid crystals are systems with many applications in both pharmaceutical and cosmetic formulations and are easily detected by microscopy under polarized light due to their birefringence properties. The aim of this research was to develop emulsions from natural sunflower oil for topical uses. Sunflower oil (75.0% w/w) was combined with liquid vaseline (25.0% w/w) employing a natural self-emulsifying base (SEB) derivative. The high temperature of the emulsification process did not influence the antioxidant properties of sunflower oil. Fatty esters were added to cosmetic formulations and extended stability tests were performed to characterize the emulsions. Fatty esters like cetyl palmitate and cetyl ester increase the formation of anisotropic structures. O/W emulsions showed acidic pH values and pseudoplastic behavior. The presence of a lamellar phase was observed after a period of 90 days under different storage conditions.

Exotic Vegetable Oils for Cosmetic O/W Nanoemulsions: In Vivo Evaluation.

Oil-in-water nanoemulsions are stable systems with droplet sizes in the 20-200 nm range. The physicochemical properties of these systems may be influenced by the addition of additives. Thus, the influence of ethoxylated (EL) and acetylated lanolin (AL) addition on the droplet size, pH values, electrical conductivity and stability of nanoemulsions was investigated. Then, effect of nano-emulsions additives with EL (NE-EL) or AL (NE-AL) in hydration, oiliness and pH of the skin were evaluated. Nanoemulsion safety was evaluated through the observation of no undesirable effects after skin formulation application. Both additives caused changes in droplet size and electrical conductivity, but not in pH values. Nanoemulsions containing up to 6.0% ethoxylated lanolin and 2.0% acetylated lanolin remained stable after centrifugation tests. Higher concentrations of the additives made the nanoemulsions unstable. Stability tests showed that ethoxylated lanolin produced more stable nanoemulsions then acetylated lanolin and that the major instability phenomenon occurring in these systems is coalescence at elevated temperatures. Nanoemulsion-based lanolin derivatives increased skin hydration and oiliness and did not change cutaneous pH values. These formulations are non-toxic since they did not cause any irritation on the skin surface after nanoemulsion application, showing potential as carriers for pharmaceuticals and cosmetic applications.

Production and characterization of cosmetic nanoemulsions containing Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) mill extract as moisturizing agent.

This study aimed to produce and characterize an oil in water (O/W) nanoemulsion containing Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill hydroglycolic extract, as well as evaluate its preliminary and accelerated thermal stability and moisturizing efficacy. The formulations containing 0.5% of xanthan gum (FX) and 0.5% of xanthan gum and 1% of Opuntia ficus-indica MILL extract (FXE) were white, homogeneus and fluid in aspect. Both formulations were stable during preliminary and accelerated stability tests. FX and FXE presented a pH compatible to skin pH (4.5-6.0); droplet size varying from 92.2 to 233.6 nm; a polydispersion index (PDI) around 0.200 and a zeta potential from -26.71 to -47.01 mV. FXE was able to increase the water content of the stratum corneum for 5 h after application on the forearm. The O/W nanoemulsions containing 1% of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill extract presented suitable stability for at least for 60 days. Besides, this formulation was able to increase the water content of stratum corneum, showing its moisturizing efficacy.

Comparative sensory and instrumental analyses and principal components of commercial sunscreens.

BACKGROUND: The initial contact of consumers when choosing sunscreens is through the trademark, packaging, perfume, and tactile feeling of the product, outlining the popular practice of sensory science. AIMS: To describe the sensory and physical-mechanical profile of commercial sunscreens through sensory and instrumental analyses related to principal component analysis (PCA). METHODS: Seven commercial sunscreens available on the Brazilian market and with a solar protection factor (SPF) of 30 were evaluated. Physical-mechanical profiling (rheological and textural analyses) was conducted by a trained panel, followed by sensory profile characterization and descriptive analysis. The results were assessed using the Spearman correlation coefficient and PCA. RESULTS: The correlation or lack thereof of the instrumental parameters with most of the sensory aspects was demonstrated using the Spearman coefficient. PCA enabled us to identify the nature of the dissimilarities among the samples. CONCLUSIONS: The obtained results highlight the importance of descriptive sensory analysis in the research and development of sunscreens, evidencing the significance of precisely informing the products' formulation in order to be chosen by the consumer.

Challenges and potentials of the production of comprehensive care in Primary Health Care in Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: To identify relational and organizational barriers related to the production of care and to map strategies and tools that favor comprehensive care. METHODS: Scoping review of Brazilian publications from 2008 to 2018, related to the production of care in Primary Health Care. From the 348 studies found in the Virtual Health Library, 30 made up the final sample. Three book chapters were added, totaling 33 documents. RESULTS: Three thematic categories were organized: Relational dimension between health professionals and users; Interactive dimension of the teamwork process; Organizational dimension and articulation in networks. Challenges of health practices out of context of the users' needs; inflexible and bureaucratic work processes; and organizational barriers to the access are highlighted. The potentials of mapped tools involved embracement, interprofessional actions and instituting care networks. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: The overview of challenges and processes that induce good practices facilitate a decision-making that is committed with comprehensive care.

Rheological behavior, zeta potential, and accelerated stability tests of Buriti oil (Mauritia flexuosa) emulsions containing lyotropic liquid crystals.

BACKGROUND: It is well known that the Amazon region presents a huge biodiversity; therefore, countless natural resources are being employed in the production of phytocosmetics and phytomedicines. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this work was to obtain emulsions produced with Buriti oil and non-ionic surfactants. METHODS: Two surfactant systems were employed (Steareth-2 associated to Ceteareth-5 and to Ceteareth-20) to produce the emulsions using phase diagram method. Emulsions were obtained by echo-planar imaging method at 75°C. Rheological behavior and zeta potential were evaluated, and accelerated stability tests were performed. RESULTS: All emulsions analyzed presented pseudoplastic behavior. Zeta potential values were obtained between -14.2 and -53.3 mV. The formulations did not show changes in either physical stability, pH, or rheological behavior after accelerated stability tests. Significant differences were observed only after temperature cycling test. CONCLUSION: Based on these results, the emulsions obtained could be considered as promising delivery systems.

A comparison of accuracy and computational feasibility of two record linkage algorithms in retrieving vital status information from HIV/AIDS patients registered in Brazilian public databases.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: While cross-referencing information from people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) to the official mortality database is a critical step in monitoring the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Brazil, the accuracy of the linkage routine may compromise the validity of the final database, yielding to biased epidemiological estimates. We compared the accuracy and the total runtime of two linkage algorithms applied to retrieve vital status information from PLWHA in Brazilian public databases. METHODS: Nominally identified records from PLWHA were obtained from three distinct government databases. Linkage routines included an algorithm in Python language (PLA) and Reclink software (RlS), a probabilistic software largely utilized in Brazil. Records from PLWHA1 known to be alive were added to those from patients reported as deceased. Data were then searched into the mortality system. Scenarios where 5% and 50% of patients actually dead were simulated, considering both complete cases and 20% missing maternal names. RESULTS: When complete information was available both algorithms had comparable accuracies. In the scenario of 20% missing maternal names, PLA2 and RlS3 had sensitivities of 94.5% and 94.6% (p > 0.5), respectively; after manual reviewing, PLA sensitivity increased to 98.4% (96.6-100.0) exceeding that for RlS (p < 0.01). PLA had higher positive predictive value in 5% death proportion. Manual reviewing was intrinsically required by RlS in up to 14% register for people actually dead, whereas the corresponding proportion ranged from 1.5% to 2% for PLA. The lack of manual inspection did not alter PLA sensitivity when complete information was available. When incomplete data was available PLA sensitivity increased from 94.5% to 98.4%, thus exceeding that presented by RlS (94.6%, p < 0.05). RlS spanned considerably less processing time compared to PLA. CONCLUSION: Both linkage algorithms presented interchangeable accuracies in retrieving vital status data from PLWHA. RlS had a considerably lesser runtime but intrinsically required manually reviewing a fastidious proportion of the matched registries. On the other hand, PLA spent quite more runtime but spared manual reviewing at no expense of accuracy.

Challenges and potentials of the production of comprehensive care in Primary Health Care in Brazil / Desafíos y potencialidades para producción del cuidado integrado en la Atención Primaria de Salud brasileña / Desafios e potencialidades para produção do cuidado integral na Atenção Primária à Saúde brasileira

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify relational and organizational barriers related to the production of care and to map strategies and tools that favor comprehensive care. Methods: Scoping review of Brazilian publications from 2008 to 2018, related to the production of care in Primary Health Care. From the 348 studies found in the Virtual Health Library, 30 made up the final sample. Three book chapters were added, totaling 33 documents. Results: Three thematic categories were organized: Relational dimension between health professionals and users; Interactive dimension of the teamwork process; Organizational dimension and articulation in networks. Challenges of health practices out of context of the users' needs; inflexible and bureaucratic work processes; and organizational barriers to the access are highlighted. The potentials of mapped tools involved embracement, interprofessional actions and instituting care networks. Final considerations: The overview of challenges and processes that induce good practices facilitate a decision-making that is committed with comprehensive care.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar bloqueos relacionales y organizacionales relativos a producción del cuidado y mapear estrategias y dispositivos favorables al cuidado integral. Métodos: Scoping Review de publicaciones brasileñas de 2008 a 2018, relacionadas a producción del cuidado en Atención Primaria de Salud. De 348 estudios encontrados en la Biblioteca Virtual de Salud, 30 comprendieron la muestra final, siendo acrecidos tres capítulos de libro, totalizando 33 documentos. Resultados: Organizaron tres ejes temáticos: Dimensión relacional entre profesionales de salud y usuarios; Dimensión interactiva del proceso laboral en equipo; y Dimensión organizacional y articulación en redes. Destacan desafíos de prácticas de salud descontextualizadas de las necesidades de los usuarios; procesos de trabajo cristalizados y burocratizados; y bloqueos organizacionales de barreras de acceso. Potencialidades de dispositivos mapeados envolvieron recepción, herramientas interprofesionales y redes instituyentes de cuidado. Consideraciones finales: Panorámica de desafíos y procesos inductores de buenas prácticas facilitan toma de decisiones comprometidas con un cuidado integral.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar entraves relacionais e organizacionais relativos à produção do cuidado e mapear estratégias e dispositivos favoráveis ao cuidado integral. Métodos: Scoping review de publicações brasileiras de 2008 a 2018, relacionadas à produção do cuidado na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Dos 348 estudos encontrados na Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde, 30 compuseram a amostra final, sendo acrescidos três capítulos de livro, totalizando 33 documentos. Resultados: Organizaram-se três eixos temáticos: Dimensão relacional entre profissionais de saúde e usuários; Dimensão interativa do processo de trabalho em equipe; e Dimensão organizacional e articulação em redes. Destacam-se desafios de práticas de saúde descontextualizadas das necessidades dos usuários; processos de trabalho cristalizados e burocratizados; e entraves organizacionais de barreiras de acesso. Potencialidades de dispositivos mapeados envolveram acolhimento, ferramentas de interprofissionalidade e redes instituintes de cuidado. Considerações finais: A panorâmica de desafios e processos indutores de boas práticas facilitam tomada de decisões comprometidas com um cuidado integral.

Vegetable moisturizing raw material from "Caatinga" Brazilian biome: safety and efficacy evaluations of O/W cosmetic emulsions containing Kalanchoe brasiliensis extract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety of Kalanchoe brasiliensis extract, followed by the development of an oil in water emulsion containing the K. brasiliensis leaves extract and evaluating its clinical moisturizing efficacy. The formulations containing sodium acrylates/ Beheneth-25 methacrylate Crosspolymer (and) hydrogenated polydecene (and) lauryl glucoside and 0.5% of extract were prepared. The extract was considered as non-irritating through skin irritant tests. The stability testing was carried out in different conditions for 90 days. The skin hydration was measured by capacitance measurement and transepidermal water loss using biophysical techniques. The results indicate that the formulation containing 0.5% of extract increased the hydration of the stratum corneum up to 5 h after application on the forearm. The transepidermal water loss was reduced when compared to the untreated area and placebo area. Therefore, we can conclude that the increased skin hydration and protection of barrier function can be attributed to the K. brasiliensis extract. This research presents a new raw material from the Brazilian Caatinga biome and shows its possible application in the development of cosmetic products.

Carotenoids and polyphenols in nutricosmetics, nutraceuticals, and cosmeceuticals.

The market for cosmeceuticals continues with significant annual growth, but today consumers are more aware of nutritional products that contribute to both skin health and disease prevention. In the last 10 years, pharmacists, chemists, nutritionists, and physicians have been working together to develop new nutritional applications to satisfy people's needs and demands. As a recent result of convergence phenomenon between cosmetics and food industries, nutricosmetics is a blurry area unfamiliar to many consumers and sometimes even to foods and cosmetics experts. Characterized by oral supplementation of nutrients, nutricosmetics are also known as "beauty pills,""beauty from within," and even "oral cosmetics." The major claim is the antiaging effect, reducing wrinkles by fighting free radicals generated by solar radiation. Among the ingredients used in nutricosmetics, antioxidants represent the most crucial. The best-known antioxidants are carotenoids (beta-carotene, lycopene, lutein, zeaxanthin, and astaxanthin) and polyphenols (anthocyanidins, catechins, flavonoids, tannins, and procyanidins). This study presents an overview about the concept of nutricosmetics and gives us information about the difference between nutricosmetics, nutraceuticals, and cosmeceuticals. The article also discusses about carotenoids and polyphenols, two classes of ingredients often employed in such products.

Saúde bucal na primeira infância: percepções dos profissionais da estratégia saúde da família / Oral Health in early childhood: perceptions of Family Health Strategy professionals

A inserção do cirurgião-dentista na equipe de saúde da família visa possibilitar uma abordagem ampliada aos usuários na perspectiva do cuidado integral e multiprofissional, particularmente às crianças na fase infantil. Este estudo busca compreender a percepção dos profissionais da Estratégia Saúde da Família em relação à saúde bucal de crianças na primeira infância. É um estudo qualitativo, exploratório, constituído de entrevista semiestruturada sobre os cuidados em saúde bucal da criança praticados pelos profissionais das Equipes de Saúde da Família de duas unidades de saúde de Fortaleza-CE, no período de novembro de 2015 a janeiro de 2016. A análise dos dados consistiu em pareamento das informações e subdivisão em categorias, segundo análise temática. Os resultados foram três categorias e suas subcategorias: Percepção da Saúde Bucal na ESF; Organização do Processo de Trabalho (Pré-natal odontológico e Fluxo assistencial em saúde bucal de crianças); e Cuidados em saúde bucal. Há uma percepção dos profissionais da importância da odontologia na ESF, mas o estabelecimento de fluxos assistenciais das crianças não está definido, com cuidados e práticas que reforçam o modelo de atenção à saúde biomédica hegemônica.

The inclusion of the dentist in the family health team provides a broader approach to users in the context of comprehensive and multidisciplinary care, particularly for children in the infant stage. This study seeks to understand the perception of Family Health Strategy (FHS) professionals regarding the oral health of children in early childhood. It is a qualitative, exploratory study, consisting of semi-structured interviews on the oral health care of children practiced by professionals from Family Health Teams of two health units in Fortaleza, Ceará, between November 2015 and January 2016. The data analysis consisted of information pairing and subdivision into categories according to thematic analysis. The results were three categories and their subcategories: Perception of oral health in the FHS; Work Process Organization (Prenatal dental care and care workflow in children's oral health ); and Oral health care. There is a perception among professionals of the importance of dentistry in the FHS, but the establishment of assistance workflows for children is not defined, with care and practices that reinforce the hegemonic biomedical health care model.

Prevalência do rearranjo do gene ROS1 em carcinoma de pulmão de células não pequenas não escamoso, EGFR e ALK negativo: análise de uma coorte brasileira / Prevalence of ROS1 gene rearrangements in EGFR-Negative and ALK-negative nonsquamous NSCLC: analysis of a Brazilian cohort

Introdução: A prevalência do câncer de pulmão tem aumentado cerca de 2% ao ano e é considerado um problema de saúde pública mundial, sendo a principal causa de morte por câncer entre homens e mulheres. O Câncer de Pulmão de Células Não Pequenas (CPCNP) representa 85-90% dos cânceres de pulmão. A detecção do rearranjo do gene ROS1, considerada um importante fator preditivo para direcionamento terapêutico, constitui uma etapa crítica no tratamento de CPCNP. Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência do rearranjo do gene ROS1 em pacientes portadores de CPCNP não escamoso, sem mutação de EGFR ou rearranjo de ALK, diagnosticados na Região da Foz do Rio Itajaí, Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil, no período de 02/01/2019 a 27/07/2020. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo observacional, retrospectivo e prospectivo, descrito e analítico com 95 pacientes que possuíam material de biópsia suficiente para a realização de novas análises e que não apresentavam mutação de EGFR ou rearranjo de ALK. Os pacientes com imuno-histoquímica positiva para a proteína ROS1 foram testados pelo método de FISH, utilizando-se uma sonda de DNA do tipo break-apart para o gene ROS1. Foi realizada uma análise descritiva da amostra, e os resultados foram apresentados em números absolutos e porcentagens, representados por tabelas. O teste de qui-quadrado (χ2) foi empregado para comparação das frequências entre os grupos analisados. Resultados: 52,6% foram pacientes do sexo masculino; a idade mediana foi de 64 anos; 54,7% declararam-se tabagistas; 40,0% apresentavam doença estágio IV; 29,5% apresentaram tumores com alta expressão de PD-L1. Quanto a expressão de ROS1 por imuno-histoquímica: 89,5% foram identificados como ROS1+ em 0% das células tumorais, 4,2% como ROS1+ em <70% das células, e 6,3% como ROS1+ em ≥70% das células do tumor; portanto, 10,5% apresentaram resultados positivos para expressão de ROS1. Estes pacientes foram submetidos à análise de rearranjo de ROS1 pelo método de FISH e 7 (7,4%) apresentaram resultados positivos. Conclusão: Na população estudada, a análise pelo método de FISH mostrou uma prevalência de 7,4% para rearranjos do gene ROS1

Introduction: Lung cancer prevalence has been increasing at rate of 2% per year and is considered a major public health concern worldwide, being the main cause of cancer death among women and men. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) represents 85-90% of total lung cancer. Detecting the rearrangement of the ROS1 gene is critical to the treatment of NSCLC. Objective: To assess the prevalence of the ROS1 gene rearrangement in patients diagnosed with non-squamous NSCLC patients diagnosed between January 2019 to July 2020 at Foz do Rio Itajaí, in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective and prospective observational study Ninety-five NSCLC whose tumors were negative for EGFR mutation and ALK rearrangement and who had enough tumor tissue to carry out additional molecular analysis. Patients whose tumors were positive for ROS1 by immune-histochemistry were tested using by FISH using a break-apart DNA probe (Abbot Molecular) for the ROS1 gene. A descriptive analysis was performed and results were presented as absolute frequencies and percentages and depicted in charts. Frequencies were compared with the chi-squared test (χ2). Results: 52,6% were male, mean and median age were 65,10 and 64 years, respectively. 54,7% self-declared as smokers; 40,0% had stage IV disease; 29,5% had tumours with high expression of PD-L1. Regarding the expression of ROS1 by immunohistochemistry: 89,5% were identified as ROS1+ in 0% of cells, 4,2% as ROS1+ in <70% of cells, and 6,3% as ROS1+ in ≥70% of the cells; therefore, 10,5% displayed positive results for the expression of ROS1+. These tumors were subjected to the analysis of ROS1 rearrangement by FISH and 7 (7,4%) were positive. Conclusion: We observed 7,4% prevalence for ROS1 gene rearrangements in this pre-selected population

Influence of surfactant on the thermal behavior of marigold oil emulsions with liquid crystal phases.

Vegetable oils have been largely consumed owing to the interest of pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries in using natural raw materials. The production of stable emulsions with vegetable oils challenges formulators due to its variability in composition and fatty acids constitution within batches produced. In the present work, it was studied that the influence of the size of carbon chain and the number of ethylene oxide moieties of the surfactant on the thermal behavior of eight emulsions prepared with marigold oil stabilized by liquid crystal phases. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to determine the thermal behavior of the emulsions. The ratio of bound water was calculated, being between 29.0 and 42.0%, confirming the extension of the liquid-crystalline net in the external phase. Changing the lipophilic surfactant from Ceteth-2 to Steareth-2, there was an increase in the temperature of phase transition of the liquid crystal influencing the system stability. Calorimetric study is very useful in understanding the performance of liquid crystals with the increase of temperature and to estimate emulsions stability.

Multiple emulsions containing amazon oil: açaí oil (Euterpe oleracea)

The aim of this work was to formulate O/W/O multiple emulsions containing açaí oil as a model system and to evaluate their physical stability and in vivo Sun Protection Factor (SPF). Multiple emulsions are complex dispersion systems, known also as, "emulsions of emulsions". These emulsion systems, have significant potential in the cosmetic industry. Euterpe oleracea Mart., Arecaceae, popularly known in Brazil as "açaí", is an economically important plant. Açaí oil has been used as antioxidant and as anti-inflammatory activities. The multiple emulsions were prepared using a two-step procedure. The investigated formulations were characterized and their stability over time was evaluated by preliminary and accelerated stability. O/W/O multiple emulsions containing the same concentration of sunscreens with and without açaí oil were evaluated by the International Sun Protection Factor Test Method. The samples containing 70 percent (w/w) of primary emulsion, 5 percent (w/w) PEG-30-dipolyhydroxystearate, 10 percent (w/w) of açaí oil and 5 percent (w/w) of sucrose polybehenate have been found to be stable. The rheological measurements revealed that the samples exhibited non-Newtonian pseudoplastic flow behavior and thixotropy. To conclude, no statistical difference could be observed on the in vivo SPF to both multiple systems with or without açaí oil.

Emulsoes multiplas L/H/L: obtencao, controle da multiplicidade e estudos do poder oclusivo / Multiple emulsions O/W/O: obtention, control by the multiplicity and studies by the oclusive capacity

Emulsoes multiplas tem sido pesquisadas para utilizacao em produtos farmaceuticos, cosmeticos e alimentares. Tais emulsoes sao empregadas como sistemas de liberacao prolongada de principios ativos, os quais estarao contidos na fase mais interna e serao liberados numa velocidade controlada por sua habilidade em difundir atraves das varias fases atravessando as interfaces existentes. Isto permitira a protecao de substancias lipossoluveis. Emulsoes multiplas L/H/L foram estudadas em funcao dos valores de E.H.L., valores da fracao volumetrica (0L/H) e quantidades do tensoativo secundario. As emulsoes L/H/L sao obtidas usando emulsoes L/H tendo valores de E.H.L. iguais a 8,60, 9,46, 10,32 e 11,18, valores de fracao volumetrica de 0,15, 0,20, 0,25, 0,30 e 0,45. A quantidade de tensoativo secundario e variavel e o limite de concentracao para a obtencao de emulsoes multiplas L/H/L. O diametro dos globulos e variavel para os sistemas obtidos. O controle da multiplicidade foi realizado atraves de metodo de condutividade eletrica do sulfato de zinco (introduzido na fase aquosa intermediaria) apos um processo de dialise. A aplicacao cosmetica foi avaliada determinando o poder oclusivo de emulsoes L/H e L/H/L aplicadas em celulas de gelatina