Effects of Fructose and Palmitic Acid on Gene Expression in Drosophila melanogaster Larvae: Implications for Neurodegenerative Diseases.

One of the largest health problems worldwide is the development of chronic noncommunicable diseases due to the consumption of hypercaloric diets. Among the most common alterations are cardiovascular diseases, and a high correlation between overnutrition and neurodegenerative diseases has also been found. The urgency in the study of specific damage to tissues such as the brain and intestine led us to use Drosophila melanogaster to study the metabolic effects caused by the consumption of fructose and palmitic acid in specific tissues. Thus, third instar larvae (96 ± 4 h) of the wild Canton-S strain of D. melanogaster were used to perform transcriptomic profiling in brain and midgut tissues to test for the potential metabolic effects of a diet supplemented with fructose and palmitic acid. Our data infer that this diet can alter the biosynthesis of proteins at the mRNA level that participate in the synthesis of amino acids, as well as fundamental enzymes for the dopaminergic and GABAergic systems in the midgut and brain. These also demonstrated alterations in the tissues of flies that may help explain the development of various reported human diseases associated with the consumption of fructose and palmitic acid in humans. These studies will not only help to better understand the mechanisms by which the consumption of these alimentary products is related to the development of neuronal diseases but may also contribute to the prevention of these conditions.

Haematological values in cattle reared in humid and subhumid tropics of Mexico.

The objective of this study was to determine some factors that influence the haematological values of cattle reared in the humid and subhumid tropics of Mexico. Whole blood samples were taken from 1355 crossbred cattle in the years 2017 to 2019. Haematocrit (HTC, %), total plasma protein (TPP, g/dL) and peripheral eosinophils count (PEOS, × 103/µL) were determined manually, and the main haematological variables were recorded with an automatic analyser. The statistical analysis considered as classification variables age, sex, season (cold, dry and rainy), year (2017, 2018 and 2019) and origin of the cattle. The mean of the haematological parameters was determined along with the confidence limits (CL) of the different categories of animals according to age. Calves younger than 1-year-old presented higher levels of HTC, red blood cell count (RBC), haemoglobin (HGB), red blood cell distribution width (RDW), platelet number (PLT), white blood cell count (WBC) and lymphocyte count (LYMF) than animals older than 2 years of age. However, they showed the lowest mean cell volume (MCV) and TPP values. In cows, the highest levels of PEOS, granulocytes (GRAN), MCV and medium cells (MID) were observed and the lowest HTC, RBC, RDW and WBC levels. Intervals were determined with the 1st quartile (Q1) or lower confidence interval (90% CI) as the minimum values and the 3rd quartile (Q3) or upper confidence interval (90% CI) as the maximum values. The haematological parameters of cattle reared in the Southeast of Mexico are significantly affected by age, sex and environmental conditions.

Assessment of anthelmintic effectiveness to control Fasciola hepatica and paramphistome mixed infection in cattle in the humid tropics of Mexico.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the main anthelmintics used for the control of trematodes in cattle in an endemic area in the humid Mexican tropics. A diagnostic study was carried out in nine cattle farms to determine the prevalence of flukes through faecal examination. Only three farms with more than 20 cows positive to trematodes were chosen to determine the effectiveness of commercial anthelmintics (triclabendazole, TCBZ; ivermectin + closantel, (IVM + CLOS); IVM + clorsulon, (CLORS); nitroxynil, NITROX). The prevalence of Fasciola hepatica was 27.1% and 29.6% of paramphistomes. The faecal egg count of trematodes ranged from 0.0 to 12.2 eggs per gram of faeces. The highest effectiveness against F. hepatica was 96.7%, and 92.7% against paramphistomes. NITROX was the most effective in the control of trematodes, while other products, such as IVM + CLORS and TCBZ obtained values lower than 90%, which puts sustainable trematode control at risk. The presence of trematodes was observed on most farms, although the prevalence per herd was highly variable, which indicates that the trematodes F. hepatica and paramphistomes are endemic to the region and a suitable management programme is suggested to control infections caused by these parasites.

[Overlap of irritable bowel syndrome and functional dyspepsia based on Rome III criteria in medical students from a private university in Lima, Peru]. / Superposición del síndrome de intestino irritable y dispepsia funcional basados en criterios ROMA III en estudiantes de medicina de una universidad privada de Lima, Perú.

AIMS: To determine the prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome and functional dyspepsia in medical students from a private university in Lima, Peru. Furthermore, to determine the associated factors with these diseases. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Observational descriptive and retrospective cross sectional study. Medical students from a private university in Lima were surveyed using a Rome III questionnaire for functional disorders and the STEPwise auto survey for defining the variables of alcohol and tobacco. For data analysis the Stata 11.0 program was used. RESULTS: Of the 608 students, 543 answered the questionnaire. The prevalence of Irritable Bowel Syndrome was 12.4%, 16.9% of dyspepsia, and of both diseases simultaneously, a prevalence of 7.1% was found. Alcohol consumption in the total population was 89.4% and 29.0% of tobacco. Association between both disorders was found (OR 10.47, 95% CI 5.08 to 21.55; p < 0.001), dyspepsia was associated with sex (OR: 0.16, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.36 p < 0.001), with alcohol consumption (OR: 5.22, 95% CI 23.99 1,13- p = 0.034) and with irritable bowel syndrome (OR: 9.88, 95% CI 4.78 to 20.46 p <0.001). Both conditions together were associated with sex (OR: 0.20, 95% CI from 0.06 to 0.60 p = 0.004) and daily consumption of tobacco (OR: 3.23, 95% CI 1.17 to 8.89 p = 0.023). CONCLUSION: A prevalence of 12.4% of Irritable Bowel Syndrome and 16.9% of dyspepsia was determined. An overlap of 7.1% of these diseases was reported.

Effect of Brosimum alicastrum Foliage on Intake, Kinetics of Fermentation and Passage and Microbial N Supply in Sheep Fed Megathyrsus maximus Hay.

An experiment was carried out to assess the effect of the incorporation of sun-dried foliage of Brosimum alicastrum into rations based on hay of Megathyrsus maximus on intake, rumen fermentation, kinetics of passage, microbial nitrogen supply to the small intestine, apparent digestibility in Pelibuey hair sheep. Four rations were randomly allotted to four rumen-cannulated lambs (BW = 37.4 ± 4.9 kg) using a 4 × 4 Latin square design to assess the effect of increasing levels (0, 15, 30 and 45% DM basis) of foliage of Brosimum alicastrum on a basal ration of M. maximus. Organic matter intake and water consumption increased linearly (p < 0.01) with increasing levels of B. alicastrum in the ration. The rate and potential extent of rumen fermentation of OM and CP of B. alicastrum were 10.6%/h and 86.6% and 11.4%/h and 95.2%, respectively, but no effect (p > 0.05) was found on the potential rumen degradation of DM (40.2%) or on the rate of degradation of DM (0.033%/h) of M. maximus, although a positive effect was found in the rumen degradation rate of NDF (p < 0.05). VFA and ammonia concentration in the rumen and the rate of passage of solids and liquids through the rumen (k1) increased linearly (p < 0.01) with increasing levels of B. alicastrum. Rumen pH was not affected by the incorporation of B. alicastrum (p > 0.05). Microbial nitrogen supply to the small intestine (p < 0.001), apparent digestibility of dry matter (p < 0.01) and NDF (p < 0.05) of the rations were also significantly increased as a result of the incorporation of B. alicastrum foliage. Results from this experiment suggest that the foliage of Brosimum alicastrum can be readily incorporated at around 30% of the ration of dry matter in hair sheep with beneficial effects on feed intake, rate of passage and microbial N supply to the lower tract.

Plasma triglyceride/HDL-cholesterol ratio, insulin resistance, and cardiometabolic risk in young adults.

Studies in mature adults suggest that the plasma concentration ratio of triglyceride (TG)/HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) provides a simple way to identify apparently healthy individuals who are insulin resistant (IR) and at increased cardiometabolic risk. This study extends these observations by examining the clinical utility of the TG/HDL-C ratio and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in 2,244 healthy college students (17-24 years old) of Mexican Mestizo ancestry. The TG/HDL-C ratio separating the 25% with the highest value was used to identify IR and increased cardiometabolic risk. Cardiometabolic risk factors were more adverse in men and women whose TG/HDL-C ratios exceeded 3.5 and 2.5, respectively, and approximately one third were identified as being IR. The MetS identified fewer individuals as being IR, but their risk profile was accentuated. In conclusion, both a higher TG/HDL-C ratio and a diagnosis of the MetS identify young IR individuals with an increased cardiometabolic risk profile. The TG/HDL-C ratio identified a somewhat greater number of "high risk" subjects, whereas the MetS found a group whose risk profile was somewhat magnified. These findings suggest that the TG/HDL-C ratio may serve as a simple and clinically useful approach to identify apparently healthy, young individuals who are IR and at increased cardiometabolic risk.

NMR and GPC Analysis of Alkyd Resins: Influence of Synthesis Method, Vegetable Oil and Polyol Content.

Alkyd resins are oil-based polymers that have been widely used for generations in the surface coating industry and beyond. Characterization of these resins is of high importance to understand the influence of its components on its behavior, compatibility with other resins, and final quality to ensure high durability. Here, NMR spectroscopy and GPC were used for characterizing differences in the chemical structure, molecular distribution, and dispersity between oil-based and fatty acid-based alkyd polymers made from sacha inchi and linseed oils. Sancha inchi (Plukentia volubilis L.) is a fruit-bearing plant native to South America and the Caribbean, and has a rich unsaturated fatty acid content. The effect of vegetable oil and polyol selection on the synthesis of alkyd resins for coating applications was analyzed. The influence of two different synthesis methods, monoglyceride and fatty acid processes, was also compared. Important structural differences were observed using NMR: one-dimensional spectra revealed the degree of unsaturated fatty acid chains along the polyester backbone, whereas, 2D NMR experiments facilitated chemical shift assignments of all signals. GPC analysis suggested that alkyd resins with homogeneous and high molecular weights can be obtained with the fatty acid process, and that resins containing pentaerythritol may have uniform chain lengths.

Zearalenone Does Not Show Genotoxic Effects in the Drosophila melanogaster Wing Spot Test, but It Induces Oxidative Imbalance, Development, and Fecundity Alterations.

Zearalenone (ZEN) is a non-steroidal mycoestrogen produced by the Fusarium genus. ZEN and its metabolites compete with 17-beta estradiol for cytosolic estrogen receptors, causing reproductive alterations in vertebrates. ZEN has also been associated with toxic and genotoxic effects, as well as an increased risk for endometrial adenocarcinomas or hyperplasia, breast cancer, and oxidative damage, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Previous studies have monitored cellular processes through levels of transcripts associated with Phase I Xenobiotic Metabolism (Cyp6g1 and Cyp6a2), oxidative stress (hsp60 and hsp70), apoptosis (hid, grim, and reaper), and DNA damage genes (Dmp53). In this study, we evaluated the survival and genotoxicity of ZEN, as well as its effects on emergence rate and fecundity in Drosophila melanogaster. Additionally, we determined levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) using the D. melanogaster flare and Oregon R(R)-flare strains, which differ in levels of Cyp450 gene expression. Our results showed that ZEN toxicity did not increase mortality by more than 30%. We tested three ZEN concentrations (100, 200, and 400 µM) and found that none of the concentrations were genotoxic but were cytotoxic. Taking into account that it has previously been demonstrated that ZEN administration increased hsp60 expression levels and apoptosis gene transcripts in both strains, the data agree with an increase in ROS and development and fecundity alterations. Since Drosophila lacks homologous genes for mammalian estrogen receptors alpha and beta, the effects of this mycotoxin can be explained by a mechanism different from estrogenic activity.

High baseline expression of IL-6 and IL-10 decreased CCR7 B cells in individuals with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection during BNT162b2 vaccination.

The current pandemic generated by SARS-CoV-2 has led to mass vaccination with different biologics that have shown wide variations among human populations according to the origin and formulation of the vaccine. Studies evaluating the response in individuals with a natural infection before vaccination have been limited to antibody titer analysis and evaluating a few humoral and cellular response markers, showing a more rapid and intense humoral response than individuals without prior infection. However, the basis of these differences has not been explored in depth. In the present work, we analyzed a group of pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines, antibody titers, and cell populations in peripheral blood of individuals with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection using BNT162b2 biologic. Our results suggest that higher antibody concentration in individuals with an earlier disease could be generated by higher production of plasma cells to the detriment of the presence of memory B cells in the bloodstream, which could be related to the high baseline expression of cytokines (IL-6 and IL-10) before vaccination.

Variation in resistance to oxidative stress in Oregon-(R)R-flare and Canton-S strains of Drosophila melanogaster.

All aerobic organisms are susceptible to damage by reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS-induced damage has been associated with aging and diseases such as metabolic syndrome and cancer. However, not all organisms develop these diseases, nor do they age at the same rate; this is partially due to resistance to oxidative stress, a quantitative trait attributable to the interaction of factors including genetics and environmental. Drosophila melanogaster represents an ideal system to study how genetic variation can affect resistance to oxidative stress. In this work, oxidative stress (total and mitochondrial ROS), antioxidant response, and Cap 'n' collar isoform C and Spineless gene expression, one pesticide resistant (Oregon R(R)-flare) and wild-type (Canton-S) strains of D. melanogaster, were analyzed to test resistance to basal oxidative stress. ROS, catalase, and superoxide dismutase were determined by flow cytometry, and Cap 'n' collar isoform C and Spineless expression by qRT-PCR. The intensity of oxidative stress due to the pro-oxidant zearalenone in both was evaluated by flow cytometry. Data confirm expected differences in oxidative stress between strains that differ in Cyp450s levels. The Oregon (R)R-flare showed greater ROS, total and mitochondrial, compared to Canton-S. Regarding oxidative stress genes expression Cap 'n' collar isoform C and Spineless (Ss), Oregon R(R)-flare strain showed higher expression. In terms of response to zearalenone mycotoxin, Canton-S showed higher ROS concentration. Our data show variation in the resistance to oxidative stress among these strains of D. melanogaster.

Review: Strategies for enteric methane mitigation in cattle fed tropical forages.

Methane (CH4) is a greenhouse gas (GHG) produced and released by eructation to the atmosphere in large volumes by ruminants. Enteric CH4 contributes significantly to global GHG emissions arising from animal agriculture. It has been contended that tropical grasses produce higher emissions of enteric CH4 than temperate grasses, when they are fed to ruminants. A number of experiments have been performed in respiration chambers and head-boxes to assess the enteric CH4 mitigation potential of foliage and pods of tropical plants, as well as nitrates (NO3-) and vegetable oils in practical rations for cattle. On the basis of individual determinations of enteric CH4 carried out in respiration chambers, the average CH4 yield for cattle fed low-quality tropical grasses (>70% ration DM) was 17.0 g CH4/kg DM intake. Results showed that when foliage and ground pods of tropical trees and shrubs were incorporated in cattle rations, methane yield (g CH4/kg DM intake) was decreased by 10% to 25%, depending on plant species and level of intake of the ration. Incorporation of nitrates and vegetable oils in the ration decreased enteric CH4 yield by ∼6% to ∼20%, respectively. Condensed tannins, saponins and starch contained in foliages, pods and seeds of tropical trees and shrubs, as well as nitrates and vegetable oils, can be fed to cattle to mitigate enteric CH4 emissions under smallholder conditions. Strategies for enteric CH4 mitigation in cattle grazing low-quality tropical forages can effectively increase productivity while decreasing enteric CH4 emissions in absolute terms and per unit of product (e.g. meat, milk), thus reducing the contribution of ruminants to GHG emissions and therefore to climate change.

Neoplasia oncocítica adrenocortical de potencial maligno incierto: reporte de un caso / Adrenocortical oncocytic neoplasm with uncertain malignant potential: a case report

Resumen Objetivo Describir el caso clínico de una paciente con neoplasia oncocitica adrenocortical, tratado quirúrgicamente en una clínica de Lima, Perú. Caso clínico Paciente mujer de 26 años ingresa a emergencia por dolor abdominal inespecífico. Se evidencia tumoración de 15x14x12 cm dependiente de glándula suprarrenal izquierda por lo que se decide tratamiento quirúrgico. Al análisis patológico se evidencia neoplasia oncocítica de potencial maligno incierto. Discusión Las neoplasias oncocíticas adrenocorticales son entidades poco frecuentes, con escasos reportes de casos de esta enfermedad. Para clasificarlas, se usa la escala de Weiss modificada. Obtenemos una neoplasia oncocítica de potencial maligno incierto, cuyo tratamiento incluye la cirugía de resección de tumor y observación. Conclusión Considerar a las neoplasias oncocíticas dentro del diagnóstico diferencial de incidentalomas adrenales.

Objective To describe a case report of a oncocytic adrenocortical neoplasm, treated surgically in a clinic in Lima, Peru. Case report A 26-year-old woman is admitted to the emergency due to nonspecific abdominal pain. A tumor measuring 15x14x12 cm dependent on left adrenal gland is evidenced, so surgical treatment is decided. Pathological analysis evidences oncocytic neoplasia of uncertain malignant potential. Discussion Oncocytic adrenocortical neoplasms are rare entities, with few case reports of this disease. To classify them, the modified Weiss scale is used. We obtain an oncocytic neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential, whose treatment includes surgery for tumor resection and observation. Conclusion Consider oncocytic neoplasms within the differential diagnosis of adrenal incidentalomas.

PREVALENCE OF METABOLIC SYNDROME IN YOUNG MEXICANS: A SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS ON ITS COMPONENTS.

INTRODUCTION: obesity is a worldwide epidemic, and the high prevalence of diabetes type II (DM2) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is in great part a consequence of that epidemic. Metabolic syndrome is a useful tool to estimate the risk of a young population to evolve to DM2 and CVD. OBJECTIVE: to estimate the MetS prevalence in young Mexicans, and to evaluate each parameter as an independent indicator through a sensitivity analysis. METHODS: the prevalence of MetS was estimated in 6 063 young of the México City metropolitan area. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to estimate the performance of each one of the components of MetS, as an indicator of the presence of MetS itself. Five statistical of the sensitivity analysis were calculated for each MetS component and the other parameters included: sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value or precision, negative predictive value, and accuracy. RESULTS: the prevalence of MetS in Mexican young population was estimated to be 13.4%. Waist circumference presented the highest sensitivity (96.8% women; 90.0% men), blood pressure presented the highest specificity for women (97.7%) and glucose for men (91.0%). When all the five statistical are considered triglycerides is the component with the highest values, showing a value of 75% or more in four of them. Differences by sex are detected for averages of all components of MetS in young without alterations. CONCLUSIONS: Mexican young are highly prone to acquire MetS: 71% have at least one and up to five MetS parameters altered, and 13.4% of them have MetS. From all the five components of MetS, waist circumference presented the highest sensitivity as a predictor of MetS, and triglycerides is the best parameter if a single factor is to be taken as sole predictor of MetS in Mexican young population, triglycerides is also the parameter with the highest accuracy.

Introducción: la obesidad es una epidemia mundial y la alta prevalencia de diabetes tipo II (DM2) y de enfermedad cardiovascular (ECV) es, en gran parte, consecuencia de esta epidemia. El síndrome metabólico (SMet) es una herramienta útil para estimar el riesgo de que una población de jóvenes evolucione a DM2 y ECV. Objetivo: estimar la prevalencia del SMet en jóvenes mexicanos, y evaluar cada parámetro como un indicador independiente mediante análisis de sensibilidad. Métodos: se estimó la prevalencia del SMet en 6.063 jóvenes del área metropolitana de Ciudad de México. Se realizó un análisis de sensibilidad para estimar la eficiencia de cada uno de los componentes del SMet como un indicador de la presencia del mismo SMet. Se calcularon cinco estadísticos del análisis de sensibilidad para cada uno de los componentes del SMet y otros parámetros, incluidos: sensibilidad, especificidad, valor predictivo positivo, valor predictivo negativo y precisión. Resultados: la prevalencia del SMet en la población de jóvenes mexicanos se estimó en 13.4%. La circunferencia de la cintura presentó la sensibilidad más alta (96.8% mujeres; 90.0% hombres); en las mujeres, la presión arterial presentó la más alta especificidad (97.7%) y en los hombres la glucosa (91.0%). Cuando se consideran los cinco estadísticos, los triglicéridos son el componente con los valores más altos, con valores del 75% o mayores para cuatro de estos. En los jóvenes sin alteraciones se detecta diferencia entre sexos para los promedios de todos los componentes del SMet. Conclusiones: los jóvenes mexicanos son altamente propensos a adquirir SMet: el 71% tiene cuando menos uno y hasta cinco parámetros del SMet alterados, y el 13.4% de ellos tiene SMet. De los cinco componentes del SMet, la circunferencia de la cintura presentó la más alta sensibilidad como predictor del SMet, y los triglicéridos es el mejor parámetro predictor en jóvenes mexicanos si solo se considera un factor predictor del SMet; también los triglicéridos son el parámetro con la más alta precisión.

[Congenital toxoplasmosis]. / Toxoplasmosis congénita.

BACKGROUND: Toxoplasmosis, caused by Toxoplasma gondii, is transmitted to humans in several ways, such as transplacental spread. It is estimated that this parasite infects a third of the world population and it is associated with congenital infection and fetal loss. Only 10 to 20% of the cases are symptomatic. CASE REPORT: We present the case of a pre-term newborn that had been referred to a tertiary care center. During the in-hospital period, diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis with many systemic manifestations was performed. CONCLUSIONS: Most cases of congenital toxoplasmosis are asymptomatic. Diagnosis tests and a complete physical examination should be performed on all newborns with suspicion of infection to detect all possible manifestations as in the case reported.

Cistoadenocarcinoma mucinoso de apéndice cecal / Mucinous cystoadenocarcinoma of the appendix

Objetivo Exposición de 3 casos tratados quirúrgicamente en nuestra clínica. Casos clínicos Caso 1: paciente mujer de 78 años con diagnóstico de quiste complejo de ovario derecho, se realizó la cirugía y se evidencia tumoración de apéndice cecal. Caso 2: paciente varón de 38 años con dolor abdominal crónico. Presenta marcador tumoral antígeno carcinoembrionario elevado, laparoscopia exploratoria evidencia líquido mucinoso peritoneal y tumoración apendicular. Caso 3: paciente mujer de 42 años con dolor crónico en fosa iliaca derecha con marcadores tumorales normales. Laparoscopia exploratoria evidencia tumoración dependiente del apéndice cecal con localización retrocecal ascendente. Discusión Se debe considerar a los mucoceles apendiculares dentro del diagnóstico diferencial de dolor en cuadrante inferior derecho del abdomen. Es preferible realizar una hemicolectomia radical para lesiones grandes y/o perforadas por el riesgo de existir cistoadenocarcinoma. El abordaje laparoscópico es una buena alternativa de manejo.

Objective We present three surgically treated cases in our hospital Case Reports Case 1: A 78 years old woman with a diagnosis of complex ovarian cyst. During surgery, an appendicular tumor was found. Case 2: A 38 years old male with chronic abdominal pain with high levels of carcinoembryonic antigen. During exploratory laparoscopy an appendicular tumor and mucinous peritoneal fluid were found. Case 3: A 42 years old woman with chronic pain in the right lower abdomen, negative tumor markers. During exploratory laparoscopy a retrocecal appendicular tumor was found. Discussion Appendiceal mucoceles should be considered in the differential diagnosis of right lower abdominal pain. If the lesions are big or perforated, a radical hemicolectomy should be performed due to the risk of a cystadenocarcinoma. Laparoscopic approach is a good alternative for management.

Toxoplasmosis congénita / Congenital toxoplasmosis

Introducción: La toxoplasmosis causada por el Toxoplasma gondii se transmite a los humanos de manera transplacentaria, entre otras. Se estima que infecta a un tercio de la población mundial y está asociado con infección congénita y abortos. Solo son sintomáticos del 10 al 20% de los casos. Caso clínico: Se presenta el caso de un recién nacido pretérmino referido a un hospital de mayor complejidad. Durante la hospitalización se realiza el diagnóstico de toxoplasmosis congénita con diversas manifestaciones sistémicas. Conclusiones: La mayor parte de los casos de toxoplasmosis congénita suelen ser asintomáticos. Es necesario realizar pruebas diagnósticas y un examen físico completo ante la sospecha de la infección para detectar tempranamente todas las manifestaciones posibles.

Background: Toxoplasmosis, caused by Toxoplasma gondii, is transmitted to humans in several ways, such as transplacental spread. It is estimated that this parasite infects a third of the world population and it is associated with congenital infection and fetal loss. Only 10 to 20% of the cases are symptomatic. Case report: We present the case of a pre-term newborn that had been referred to a tertiary care center. During the in-hospital period, diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis with many systemic manifestations was performed. Conclusions: Most cases of congenital toxoplasmosis are asymptomatic. Diagnosis tests and a complete physical examination should be performed on all newborns with suspicion of infection to detect all possible manifestations as in the case reported.