Incidence of Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Associated Lower Respiratory Tract Illness in Infants in Low- and Middle-Income Regions During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic.

Background: Incidence data of respiratory syncytial virus-associated lower respiratory tract illness (RSV-LRTI) are sparse in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We estimated RSV-LRTI incidence rates (IRs) in infants in LMICs using World Health Organization case definitions. Methods: This prospective cohort study, conducted in 10 LMICs from May 2019 to October 2021 (largely overlapping with the coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19] pandemic), followed infants born to women with low-risk pregnancies for 1 year from birth using active and passive surveillance to detect potential LRTIs, and quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction on nasal swabs to detect RSV. Results: Among 2094 infants, 32 (1.5%) experienced an RSV-LRTI (8 during their first 6 months of life, 24 thereafter). Seventeen (0.8%) infants had severe RSV-LRTI and 168 (8.0%) had all-cause LRTI. IRs (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) of first RSV-LRTI episode were 1.0 (.3-2.3), 0.8 (.3-1.5), and 1.6 (1.1-2.2) per 100 person-years for infants aged 0-2, 0-5, and 0-11 months, respectively. IRs (95% CIs) of the first all-cause LRTI episode were 10.7 (8.1-14.0), 11.7 (9.6-14.0), and 8.7 (7.5-10.2) per 100 person-years, respectively. IRs varied by country (RSV-LRTI: 0.0-8.3, all-cause LRTI: 0.0-49.6 per 100 person-years for 0- to 11-month-olds). Conclusions: RSV-LRTI IRs in infants in this study were relatively low, likely due to reduced viral circulation caused by COVID-19-related nonpharmaceutical interventions. Clinical Trials Registration: NCT03614676.

Prevalencia de displasia cervical en embarazadas en el Hospital Universitario de Monterrey: Nuevo León, México / Prevalence of cervical dysplasia in pregnant women at the Hospital Universitario de Monterrey

Objetivo. Determinar la prevalencia de displasia cervical en mujeres embarazadas. Método. Estudio observacional, longitudinal, prospectivo, en el cual se analizaron los resultados de 250 pacientes embarazadas que acudieron a control prenatal en el Hospital Universitario Dr. José Eleuterio González, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México, en el período enero 2007 a julio de 2008. Resultados. Se analizaron 36 citologías anormales (14,4 por ciento), las cuales reportaron ASCUS 3,2 por ciento (n=8), LIEBG 8 por ciento (n=20), LIEAG 2,4 por ciento (n=6) y CaCu 0,8 por ciento (n=2). La prevalencia de displasia cervical confirmada por biopsia fue 5,6 por ciento (n=14). Conclusiones. Se recomienda realizar la citología cervical a toda paciente embarazada, para la detección y tratamiento oportuno de las displasias cervicales.

Objective. To evaluate the prevalence of cervical dysplasia among pregnant women. Method. We conducted an observational, longitudinal, prospective study, that analyzed the results of 250 cervical smears of preg-nant patients that attended the Obstetrics consult of the University Hospital in Monterrey, Mexico, between January 2007 and July 2008. Results: 36 abnormal smears were analyzed (14.4 percent). Showing ASCUS in 3.2 percent (n=8), LSIL in 8 percent (n=20), HSIL in 2.4 percent (n=6) and AIS in 0.8 percent (n=2). The prevalence of cervical dys-plasia confirmed by biopsy was 5.6 percent (n=14). Conclusions: We recommend performing cervical smears to all pregnant women for detection and appropriate treatment of cervical dysplasia.

Embarazo ectópico molar cornual: caso clínico / Molar cornual ectopic pregnancy: clinical case

Antecedentes: La incidencia de embarazo ectópico es 20/1000 embarazos y en la región cornual se presentan en el 2-4 por ciento. La mola hidatiforme ocurre en 1/1000 embarazos en EEUU y 1/500 en México. La presentación simultánea es muy rara. Se han descrito solamente 40 casos en la literatura médica, con una incidencia estimada de 0,04 por ciento de localización cornual. Caso clínico: Primigesta de 30 años, que cursando un embarazo de 8 semanas, acude de urgencia por presentar náuseas y vómitos de 1 día de evolución, con dolor abdominal y sangrado vaginal. Prueba de embarazo positiva. A la exploración física presenta dolor abdominal difuso y signos de irritación peritoneal. El ultrasonido transvaginal mostró imagen ecogénica multiquística intrauterina cercana a la región cornual, por lo que se sospecha embarazo molar. En la laparotomía exploradora se realizó resección cornual y posteriormente dilatación y curetaje de la cavidad uterina. La anatomía patológica confrmó el diagnóstico. Negativizó beta-hGC a las 7 semanas después de la cirugía.

Background: The incidence of ectopic pregnancy is 20 per 1,000 pregnancies. The cornual ectopic pregnancy is found in 2-4 percent. Hydatidiform moles occur in 1 per 1000 pregnancies in USA and 1 per 500 in Mexico. Thus, the incidence of the two occurring together is very rare. Only 40 cases have been reported in the medical literature, the incidence estimate is 0.04 percent. Clinic case: We analyzed a 30 year old woman patient case, gravida 1, with 8 weeks' gestation by last menstrual period, came at the Hospital Universitario Dr. José Eleuterio González, Monterrey, Nuevo León, with complaints of nausea and vomiting for 1 day and abdominal pain, and transvaginal bleeding. A cualitative pregnancy test was positive. Physical examination revealed diffuse abdominal tenderness and peritoneal signs. The transvaginal ultrasonography showed a multicystic echogenic mass within the uterus near cornual region consistent with a molar pregnancy. A cornual resection was performed followed by dilation and curettage. Pathologic diagnosis was confrmed. The monitoring of beta-hGC titers was negative 7 weeks after surgery.