Triple (interferon, ribavirin, amantadine) versus double (interferon, ribavirin) re-therapy for interferon relapser genotype 1b HCV chronic active hepatitis patients.

BACKGROUND: Retreatment for 6 months with the association ribavirin-interferon of HCV-related chronic active hepatitis relapser patients has high probability of failure, mostly in those with genotype 1b. We evaluated the efficacy of extending the therapy from 6 to 12 months without or with the addition of amantadine. METHODS: Forty-nine genotype 1b relapser patients were treated with 3 MU of IFN-alpha2b three times per week and ribavirin 1000-1200 mg daily (double therapy). Twenty-four patients, who did not respond after 6 months of treatment, were randomized to continue for further 6 months either with the same schedule or with also the addition of amantadine 200 mg daily (triple therapy). RESULTS: A sustained virological response was observed in 15/37 subjects (41%) treated for 12 months of double therapy. In the arm of the study evaluating amantadine, end of treatment virologic response was observed in 0/12 patients of double therapy group and in 4/12 of triple therapy (P=0.09). After 6 months of follow-up, a sustained virologic response (SVR) was observed in two patients treated with the triple therapy. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms poor results of retreatment (even if 12 months double or triple therapy) in relapser patients with HCV hepatitis, genotype 1b. No gain was obtained in prolonging from 6 to 12 months the standard double therapy, while triple therapy with amantadine as an additional regimen for this difficult subgroup of patients showed some cases of SVRs: amantadine addition deserves to be evaluated in larger trials.

From trials to a real hospital setting: effectiveness of pegylated interferon-alpha-2b/ribavirin combination therapy for naïve chronic hepatitis C patients.

Registration trials regarding pegylated interferon treatment of hepatitis C have created great expectations for improved results, but there is little information on actual outcomes in everyday hospital practice. We aimed to define the effectiveness of this treatment in a hospital setting. Seventy-four naïve patients with hepatitis C treated with 12 kD-pegylated-interferon-alpha-2-b/ribavirin (PEG-IFN) were retrospectively analyzed in comparison with 54 patients treated with IFN-alpha-2-b/ribavirin (STANDARD IFN) and with results of three main registration trials. Overall sustained viral response rates were 46% in the STANDARD IFN group and 54% in PEG-IFN group, ranging from 48-61% in similar arms of the registration trials considered, although more of our patients presented comorbidity and high-grade fibrosis, and our dosages at outset of PEG-IFN were lower than optimal (mean 1.18 microg/kg BW). In our hospital setting, the effectiveness of PEG-IFN/ribavirin therapy appeared similar to that reported in large registration trials.

Prophylaxis of ERCP-related pancreatitis: a randomized, controlled trial of somatostatin and gabexate mesylate.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: It still is debated whether post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis can be prevented by administering either somatostatin or gabexate mesylate. The aim of the study is to assess the efficacy of a 6.5-hour infusion of somatostatin or gabexate mesylate in preventing ERCP-related complications. METHODS: In a double-blind multicenter trial, 1127 patients undergoing ERCP were randomly assigned to intravenous administration of somatostatin (750 microg; n = 351), gabexate mesylate (500 mg; n = 381), or placebo (saline; n = 395). The drug infusion started 30 minutes before and continued for 6 hours after endoscopy. Patients were evaluated clinically, and serum amylase levels were determined at 4, 24, and 48 hours after endoscopy. RESULTS: No significant differences in incidences of pancreatitis, hyperamylasemia, or abdominal pain were observed among the placebo (4.8%, 32.6%, and 5.3%, respectively), somatostatin (6.3%, 26.8%, and 5.1%, respectively), and gabexate mesylate groups (5.8%, 31.5%, and 6.3%, respectively). Univariate analysis of patient characteristics and endoscopic maneuvers showed that a Freeman score >1 (P < 0.0001), >/=3 pancreatic injections (P < 0.00001), and precut sphincterotomy (P = 0.01) were significantly associated with post-ERCP pancreatitis. At multiple logistic regression analysis, >/=3 pancreatic injections (odds ratio [OR], 1.95; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.45-2.63) and a Freeman score >1 (OR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.11-1.94) retained their predictive power. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term (6.5-hr) administration of either somatostatin or gabexate mesylate is ineffective for the prevention of post-ERCP pancreatitis. Pancreatic injury seems to be related to difficulty in common bile duct access.