Low Concentration of 5-Fluorouracil Increases the Effectiveness of Tumor RNA to Activate Murine Dendritic Cells.

AIM: Considering the central role of dendritic cells (DCs) on the development of an antitumor immune response, in this study we used a murine model to evaluate how DC transfection with drug-treated tumor cell RNA changes their phenotype, and whether transfection enhances the in vivo effectiveness of a DC-based antitumor vaccine. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MC-38 colorectal tumor cells were pretreated with the minimum effective concentration of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), then their total RNA was extracted and transfected into DCs. These DCs were inoculated into C57Bl/6 mice bearing subcutaneous MC-38 tumor. RESULTS: DC transfection with drug-treated tumor RNA increases the percentages of CD40+ (from 37.6% to 61.4%), CD86+ (from 39.8% to 53.4%), and major histocompatibility complex class II+ (from 51.2% to 75.3%) cells, whereas significantly increases the in vivo generation of interferon-γ producer lymphocytes. CONCLUSION: These results reinforce our view that treatment of tumor cells with 5-FU induces transcriptional changes that can be transferred to DCs by RNA transfection, enhancing their ability to stimulate an antitumor response.

Efeito imunomodulador de baixas concentrações de antineoplásicos / Immunomodulatory effect of low concentrations of antineoplastic

Estudos prévios têm demonstrado que baixas concentrações de agentes antineoplásicos como ciclofosfamida e paclitaxel (PAC) modulam positivamente a resposta imune, estimulando linfócitos T e células dendríticas (DCs). Além disso, são capazes de aumentar a imunogenicidade de células de câncer colorretal humano HCT-116, e de induzir a transcrição de genes de proteínas de choque térmico (HSPs). No presente trabalho, tivemos como objetivo avaliar a expressão das HSPs 40, 70 e 90 e comparar o efeito da concentração efetiva mínima (CEM) com a concentração não-tóxica (CNT) de PAC sobre a imunogenicidade das células HCT-116. Células HCT-116 foram tratadas com a CEM ou com a CNT de PAC. Lisados tumorais foram analisados quanto à expressão das HSPs e utilizados para sensibilizar DCs derivadas de monócitos de sangue periférico de indivíduos normais. As DCs foram avaliadas quanto ao seu fenótipo e foram co-cultivadas com linfócitos T alogênicos para a avaliação da capacidade de estimulação desses linfócitos. O tratamento das células tumorais com ambas as concentrações da droga induziu o aumento da expressão de HSP40, enquanto a produção de HSP70 e HSP90 foram aumentadas apenas pela CEM e pela CNT, respectivamente. Observou-se ligeiro, mas não significante aumento da capacidade de indução da resposta alogênica. Houve também uma tendência ao aumento da expressão de CD40 nos grupos HCT, CEM e CNT. É possível que a expressão das HSPs contribua para o aumento de imunogenicidade induzido pelo PAC. A CEM é menos eficiente que a CNT em aumentar a imunogenicidade das células tumorais, mas não prejudica a capacidade das DCs de induzir a resposta alogênica nem seus marcadores fenotípicos de ativação...

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the main causes of death worldwide and its conventional treatment is based on surgery, cytotoxic chemotherapy and radiotherapy, or a combination of these therapeutic modalities. The main chemotherapeutic agents for fighting CRC are metrotexate, 5-aza-2-deoxycitidine, taxans and 5-fluorouracil. Usually, their administration is based on maximum tolerable doses, but it has been shown that low concentrations of most of these drugs upregulate the immune system, both enhancing the immune responsiveness and increasing the immunogenicity of tumor cells. These features are associated with translational changes of a couple of genes, among them, there is an increased expression of heat-shock proteins (HSPs). Although the expression of HSPs may represent an adaptive response of tumor cells to the drug-induced damages, there is evidence that some of these proteins are fundamental for antigen processing and presentation by antigen-presenting cells. Then, in the present review we aimed to show that increased expression of HSPs by drug-treated tumor cells may be favorable for the development of an effective immune response, and that this phenomenon should enhance the combinatory schedules of chemotherapy and immunotherapy...