Association Between Sense of Coherence and Tobacco Use Among Brazilian Adolescent Students.

Background: Investigating tobacco use and associated factors is essential to set priorities and health promotion strategies among adolescents. Several studies examined the relationship between this behavior and the psychosocial salutogenic construct Sense of Coherence (SOC), but the evidence is limited to adolescents in high-income countries. This study aimed to analyze the association between tobacco use and SOC among Brazilian adolescent students. Methods: A cross-sectional school-based survey was conducted in 2018. Dependent variables were categorical binary (Yes/No): (1) Smoking experimentation (at least one puff in a lifetime); (2) Current smoking (at least one cigarette smoked in the last 30 days); (3) Daily cigarette smoking; and (4) Experimentation with hookah and/or other tobacco products (at least once in a lifetime). Independent variable SOC was assessed with the SOC-13 item scale. Independent-samples t-Test and Logistic regression were used in the statistical analyses. Potential confounders were identified using a Directed Acyclic Graph. Results: Participants were 3034 adolescents aged 13-19. The mean SOC scores were higher among adolescents who answered no to each of the dependent variables than among those who answered yes (p < .05). In the regression analysis, those with higher SOC scores were less likely to report smoking experimentation, current use, daily use, and experimentation with hookah and/or other tobacco products, than those with lower SOC scores. The associations remained after controlling for sociodemographic and/or social-environmental factors. Conclusion: An inverse relationship between SOC and tobacco use was observed among Brazilian adolescent students.

Satisfaction with oral health and associated factors among homeless people in Midwest Brazil.

BACKGROUND: Self-perceived oral health has been extensively investigated, but studies on homeless people are scarce, and there is currently no evidence from Latin America. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence and factors associated with satisfaction with the oral health of homeless individuals in one Brazilian capital of the Midwest region. SUBJECT AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 351 adult individuals attending a temporary public shelter who were interviewed about sociodemographic and psychosocial aspects, drugs use and oral health. The outcome was satisfaction with oral health (satisfied/dissatisfied). Pearson's chi-square test and Poisson regression with robust variance were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The prevalence of dissatisfaction with oral health was 68.9% (95% CI = 63.9-73.6). After adjusting for covariates, dissatisfaction was more frequent among individuals who were married/in a stable relationship (PR = 1.18; 95% CI = 1.02-1.36), with felt need for treatment (PR = 2.27; 95% CI = 1.23-4.17) or complete prosthesis (PR = 1.35; 95% CI = 1.18-1.55), and those who used illicit drugs in the past six months (PR = 1.22; 95% CI = 1.06-1.39). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of dissatisfaction with oral health in the homeless individuals studied was high and associated with their marital status, use of illicit drugs and self-reported need for dental treatment and complete prosthesis.

Orthodontists' criteria for prescribing cone-beam computed tomography-a multi-country survey.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to describe and compare CBCT imaging prescription in clinical practice among orthodontists from five countries in Europe and America. Additionally, it investigated factors associated with the prescribing and the use of guidelines for CBCT imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was carried out using an online questionnaire sent to all registered orthodontists in Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Romania, and the United States of America (USA). The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, bivariate tests, and Poisson regression. RESULTS: The final sample consisted of 1284 participants. CBCT was prescribed by 84.4% of the participants for selected cases (84.9%), mainly for impacted teeth (92.4%), presurgical planning (54.1%), and root resorption (51.9%). High cost was most frequently the limiting factor for CBCT prescription (55.4%). Only 45.2% of those who were using CBCT imaging reported adhering to guidelines. CBCT imaging prescription was associated with the orthodontists' countries (p < .009, except for Belgium, p = .068), while the use of guidelines was associated with the respondents' country and additional training on CBCT imaging (p < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Orthodontists refer patients for CBCT for selected indications (impacted teeth, root resorption, presurgical planning, dentofacial deformities, as suggested by the international guidelines, and also for upper airway and temporomandibular joint evaluation). Many do not adhere to specific guidelines. There are substantial variations between the countries about the orthodontists' referral for CBCT and guideline usage, irrespective of gender. CBCT prescription may be limited by financial barriers, adhering to specific guidelines and prior CBCT training. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: CBCT prescription among orthodontists must be based on prescription criteria and current guidelines. It is advised to improve CBCT education and training to enhance CBCT selection, referral, analysis, and interpretation in orthodontic practice.

Untreated dental trauma among homeless people in Midwest Brazil.

Homeless people are usually more exposed to traumatic events that may cause dental injuries than those with more stable housing. Previous studies on the oral health condition of this population group have shown high levels of dental caries, periodontal diseases, and tooth loss, but evidence on dental trauma is scarce. Furthermore, there is no report from Latin American countries. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of untreated traumatic dental injuries (TDI) among adult homeless people in a Brazilian capital city. A sample of 102 adults attending a public homeless shelter was clinically examined using the criteria of the 2010 Brazilian National Oral Health Survey. TDI was found in 10.8% of the participants, and the most common types of injury were enamel-dentin fractures and avulsion. The overall prevalence was relatively low, but the proportion of anterior tooth loss due to trauma and other reasons shows the need for more appropriate health care for this vulnerable population group.

Religiosity is Associated with Motivation to Start and Stop Smoking Among Adolescent Students in Brazil.

This study aimed to estimate associations between adolescents' religiosity and their motivation to start and stop smoking. A school survey was carried out in Midwestern Brazil. Participants were never-smokers (n = 2073) and smokers (n = 116) aged 13-19 who answered a questionnaire. Religiosity was measured with the Duke Religion Index, and motivation with questions based on the Prime Theory of Motivation. Organizational, non-organizational, and intrinsic religiosity were associated with motivation to start smoking among never-smokers. Intrinsic religiosity was associated with smokers' motivation to quit. Findings indicate the protective role of religiosity in the motivational system that prompts smoking initiation and cessation during adolescence.

Religiosity, spirituality, and the quality of life of patients with sequelae of head and neck cancer.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate associations between religiosity, spirituality and quality of life (QoL) in patients with visible sequelae due to head and neck cancer surgery. SUBJECT AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study in 202 patients in a cancer hospital in Brazil. Psychosocial, demographic and clinical conditions were collected through interviews, clinical examinations and from the medical records. The outcome was QoL, measured by the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Head and Neck (FACT-HN) and the University of Washington QoL Questionnaire for patients with head and neck cancer (UW-QOL). The explanatory variables were religiosity (Duke University Religiosity Index-DUREL) and spirituality (Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual Well-Being Scale-FACIT-Sp12). Pearson's correlation and linear regression were used for data analysis. RESULTS: Religiosity and spirituality were associated with both measures of the patients' QoL. After adjustment, higher scores of QoL (FACT-HN and UW-QOL) were found in patients with higher levels of religiosity and of spirituality. Other significant covariates were gender (male), those living with their families, with sequelae not involving the cervical region, longer post-surgical time and who had no chemotherapy or radiation. CONCLUSION: Religiosity and spirituality were associated with the patients' QoL, regardless of their sociodemographic and cancer-related clinical conditions and behaviours.

Impact of untreated dental caries severity on the quality of life of preschool children and their families: a cross-sectional study.

PURPOSE: Untreated dental caries is a persistent oral problem among preschool children. Although there is vast evidence regarding the impact of dental caries on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in this age group, evidence on the impact of untreated caries severity is scarce. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of untreated caries severity on the OHRQoL of preschool children and their families. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 563 individuals in the city of Goiania, Brazil. Data were collected through interviews with parents/caregivers and clinical examinations of their children. The OHRQoL was measured by the Brazilian version of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale. Untreated dental caries severity was assessed using validated indices. Other independent variables were socioeconomic, toothache prevalence, and the questionnaire respondent. Statistical analysis involved bivariate comparisons and Poisson regression analyses. RESULTS: A higher prevalence of impact on OHRQoL was found among preschool children with untreated dental caries with clinical consequences (PR 1.31; 95% CI 1.01-1.70) compared to those without caries; those aged 5 years (PR 1.47; 95% CI 1.18-1.82), compared to those aged two; and those with a toothache (PR 1.54; 95% CI 1.34-1.76), compared to those without toothache. Moreover, fathers (PR 0.71; 95% CI 0.55-0.92) and other respondents (PR 0.70; 95% CI 0.52-0.96) perceived less impact on the OHRQoL in comparison to mothers. CONCLUSIONS: Severe untreated dental caries with clinical consequences had a negative impact on the children's OHRQoL, regardless of toothache and socioeconomic factors.

Caries severity declined besides persistent untreated primary teeth over a 22-year period: Trends among children in Goiânia, Brazil.

BACKGROUND: Evidence of time trends in early childhood caries in low- and middle-income countries in the second decade of the year 2000 is scarce. AIM: To assess the trends in early childhood caries prevalence and severity in 2- to 5-year-old children over a 22-year period (1993-2015) in Goiânia, Midwest Brazil. Additionally, we aimed to investigate the changes regarding affected dental arches and teeth. DESIGN: A time-lag analysis of trends in caries was carried out using data from three cross-sectional studies based on the World Health Organization diagnostic criteria, in 1993 (N = 1362), 2001 (N = 1620), and 2015 (N = 548). RESULTS: Caries prevalence declined from 45.1% in 1993 to 29.0% in 2015. Prevalence of severe caries (dmft ≥ 6) in 2015 was nearly one-third of that found in 1993, and the SiC index (mean dmft of the highest tertile) decreased from 4.55 to 3.32. Decline was higher in the 1993-2001 than in the 2001-2015 time-lag. Posterior teeth and second molars had the greatest reductions. High proportions of untreated caries were found in all ages and survey years. CONCLUSION: There were significant changes in caries prevalence and severity, marked by a striking decline from 1993 to 2001, followed by a less prominent decrease up to 2015, and high levels of untreated caries.

Association of breastfeeding and malocclusion in 5-year-old children: Multilevel approach.

BACKGROUND: Breastfeeding plays an important role in child health, including the development of normal dental occlusion, but large epidemiological findings on the association breastfeeding-malocclusion are lacking. AIM: To investigate the association between the proportion of breastfed children in the city level and the prevalence of malocclusion in the primary dentition at age 5. DESIGN: This cross-sectional analysis used data from national population surveys on oral health and on breastfeeding practices. Data refer to 5278 5-year-old children and 44 Brazilian towns. Information on malocclusion and individual sociodemographic characteristics were obtained from the 2010 Brazilian Oral Health Survey. Breastfeeding rates during the first year of life were extracted from the Breastfeeding Prevalence Survey in Brazilian Towns. Population sociodemographic data were analysed as confounder. Multilevel Poisson analyses were performed. RESULTS: Malocclusion prevalence was 63.3%. Towns exhibiting higher prevalence of breastfeeding among 9- to 12-month-olds presented lower prevalence of malocclusion among children at age 5 (PR 0.98; 95% CI 0.98-0.99). CONCLUSIONS: Lower prevalence of malocclusion among 5-year-old children was associated with a higher proportion of children breastfed at ages 9 to 12 months at a city level, regardless of sociodemographic factors. These findings highlight the importance of encouraging breastfeeding during a child's first year.

Educational quality and oral health promotion in Brazilian schools: a multilevel analysis of national data.

The aim of this study was to investigate whether educational quality is associated with schools' potential support for oral health promotion in Brazil, using a multilevel model. An ecological study was carried out using data from 940 public schools (school level) from the 27 Brazilian state capitals (city-level). The explanatory variable was educational quality, measured by the Basic Education Development Index (IDEB) for each city, and the four dependent variables referred to the Oral Health Promotion School Environment (OHPSE) indicator and its dimensions: Dimension 1 (In-school aspects), Dimension 2 (Aspects of the school surroundings), and Dimension 3 (Prohibitive policies at school). The OHPSE was developed using categorical principal components analysis (CATPCA) of data from the 2015 National Adolescent School-Based Health Survey (PeNSE). Covariates were human development index and oral health care coverage of cities. Multilevel Poisson regression models with robust variance were undertaken (p < 0.05). Bivariate associations were found between the IDEB and each Total OHPSE and OHPSE-Dimension 1 (In-school aspects: sale of foods with added sugar and health promotion actions/programs). After adjustment, IDEB (PR: 1.38, 95%CI: 1.01-1.90; p = 0.045) and oral health care coverage (PR: 1.01; 95%CI: 1.00-1.02; p = 0.001) remained associated with the OHPSE Dimension 1. It was concluded that educational quality measured by the IDEB was associated with schools' potential support for oral health promotion regarding the sale of foods with added sugar and health promotion actions/programs in schools.

[Periodontal status of temporarily institutionalized homeless adults and associated factors]. / Condição periodontal de adultos em situação de rua temporariamente institucionalizados e fatores associados.

The scope of this cross-sectional study was to describe the periodontal status and its association with sociodemographic, oral-health related behaviors and use of drugs among temporarily institutionalized homeless adults. The data were collected through oral clinical examination and a questionnaire with 102 adults attending the only public institution for this group in Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil. The periodontal condition was measured by the presence of bleeding on probing, dental calculus and pockets, according to the Community Periodontal Index (CPI). Chi-square test and Poisson regressions with robust variance were performed. The prevalence of CPI>1 was 83.3%. Approximately 68% of the sample had bleeding, 82.4% had calculus and 9.8% had periodontal pockets. In the bivariate analyses, those who reported having used illicit drugs had a higher prevalence of calculus; males and unmarried adults had a higher prevalence of pockets. In the adjusted analysis, individuals who used dental floss had a lower prevalence of bleeding (PR=0.58; 95%CI=0.35-0.96). The remaining covariates were not associated with the outcomes. It was concluded that the prevalence of periodontal alteration was high, the most frequent condition was calculus and the only independent association was between bleeding and the use of dental floss.

O objetivo deste estudo transversal foi descrever a condição periodontal e sua associação com fatores sociodemográficos, comportamentos em saúde bucal e uso de drogas entre indivíduos em situação de rua temporariamente institucionalizados. Os dados foram coletados por meio de exame clínico e questionário com 102 adultos atendidos na única instituição pública para este grupo em Goiânia, Goiás. A condição periodontal foi avaliada pela presença de sangramento à sondagem, cálculo dentário e bolsas, de acordo com o Índice Periodontal Comunitário (CPI). Foram realizados o teste Qui-quadrado e regressões de Poisson com variância robusta. A prevalência de CPI>1 foi de 83,3%. Cerca de 68,0% da amostra apresentou sangramento, 82,4% cálculo e 9,8% bolsa periodontal. Nas análises bivariadas, os que tinham usado drogas ilícitas alguma vez tinham maior prevalência de cálculo; os homens e os indivíduos sem união estável tinham maior prevalência de bolsa. Na análise ajustada, indivíduos que usavam fio dental tiveram menor prevalência de sangramento (RP=0,58; IC95%=0,35-0,96). As demais covariáveis não foram associadas aos desfechos. Concluiu-se que a prevalência de alteração periodontal foi alta, houve predomínio de cálculo e a única associação independente foi entre sangramento e uso de fio dental.

Religiosity is associated with caregivers' perception of preschool children's dental health.

The aim of the study was to investigate the association between psychosocial factors and perception of caregivers about the dental health of their preschool children. A cross-sectional analysis was performed with 146 caregiver-child dyads attended at Pediatric Dentistry school clinics in Goiânia, Midwest Brazil. Data were collected through a structured interview and a questionnaire with the caregivers and the children's dental records. The study outcome was caregivers' perception of children's dental health (positive or negative). The independent psychosocial variables were religiosity (Duke University Religion Index - DUREL) and Sense of Coherence (Antonovsky's SOC-13 scale). Sociodemographic data and oral health-related variables were also collected as covariates. Bivariate analysis (Pearson's chi-square, T-test, and Mann-Whitney) and Poisson regression with robust variance were performed. The prevalence of negative perception was 54.8%. In bivariate analysis, negative perception was associated with caries experience and report of dental pain at any time in the child's life. In the adjusted regression model, prevalence of caregivers with negative perception of their children's dental health was 1.38 times higher in the group with low organizational religiosity (PR = 1.38; 95%CI 1.05-1.81) and 2.35 times higher in the group of children with high caries experience (PR = 2.35; 95%CI 1.54-3.60). In conclusion, religiosity was associated with caregivers' perception of dental health of their preschool children undergoing treatment in specialized dental clinics, regardless of their caries experience.

[Timeframe for initiating oral cancer treatment in Brazil since approval of new legislation in 2012: time trend, 2013-2019]. / Tempo máximo para o início do tratamento do câncer de boca no Brasil após a publicação da legislação de 2012: tendência no período 2013-2019.

The study aimed to investigate whether the maximum delay (60 days) for initiating oral cancer treatment following diagnosis, as provided in Federal Law n. 12,732/2012, was achieved in Brazil from 2013 to 2019 and to describe the trend in the number of cases that initiated treatment within this timeframe. A time series was performed with treatment data (N = 37,417) from the Oncology Dashboard of the Brazilian Health Informatics Department (DATASUS) database, according to the patient's region of residence. Analysis of trend used Prais-Winsten regression. In 2018 and 2019, we observed higher percentages of treatments within 60 days, and especially within 30 days. In 2019, 61.5% of treatments began within 60 days, with the highest proportions in the South (71.3%), Southeast (60.1%), and Central-west (59.1%) regions of Brazil. The time trend for the category from 0-60 days was upward in the North of Brazil, with 15.7% annual percent change (APC), and was stationary in the other four major geographic regions of Brazil. The time trend for 0-30 days was only upward in the North and Northeast, with APCs of 29.75% and 20.56%, respectively. In conclusion, since 2018 there were more cases that initiated oral cancer treatment within the stipulated timeframe, as provided in Law n. 12,732/2012 (up to 60 days), with regional differences and a stationary trend in most regions and in Brazil as a whole. Partial achievement of the target, the predominance of a stationary trend, and regional inequalities indicate the need to continue monitoring time-to-treatment for oral cancer in Brazil and to intensify efforts to guarantee timely healthcare.

O estudo buscou investigar se o tempo máximo de demora (60 dias) para o início do tratamento dos pacientes com câncer de boca a partir do diagnóstico, previsto na Lei Federal nº 12.732/2012, foi alcançado no Brasil no período de 2013-2019 e descrever a tendência do número de casos que iniciaram o tratamento no tempo máximo. Realizou-se um estudo de séries temporais utilizando dados dos tratamentos (N = 37.417) do Painel-Oncologia, disponível no Departamento de Informática do SUS (DATASUS), segundo região de residência dos pacientes. Para análise da tendência executou-se a regressão de Prais-Winsten. Nos anos 2018 e 2019 foram observados percentuais mais elevados para os tratamentos em até 60 dias, sendo mais acentuado no intervalo de até 30 dias. Em 2019, 61,5% dos tratamentos iniciaram em até 60 dias, com maiores proporções nas regiões Sul (71,3%), Sudeste (60,1%) e Centro-oeste (59,1%). A tendência temporal da categoria 0-60 dias foi crescente na Região Norte, com variação percentual anual (VPA) de 15,7% e estacionária nas demais regiões e para o Brasil. A tendência do tempo de 0-30 dias foi crescente apenas para as regiões Norte e Nordeste, com VPA de 29,75% e 20,56%, respectivamente. Conclui-se que a partir de 2018 houve um maior número de casos que iniciaram o tratamento do câncer de boca no tempo de demora, conforme previsto na Lei nº 12.732/2012 (até 60 dias), com diferenças regionais e tendência estacionária na maioria das regiões e no Brasil. O alcance parcial da meta, o predomínio da tendência estacionária e as desigualdades regionais indicam a necessidade de continuar monitorando o tempo de demora para o início do tratamento do câncer no país e intensificar esforços para garantir o cuidado em saúde.

El estudio tuvo como meta investigar si el tiempo máximo de demora (60 días) para el inicio del tratamiento de los pacientes con cáncer de boca, a partir del diagnóstico previsto en la Ley Federal nº 12.732/2012, se alcanzó en Brasil durante el período 2013-2019, y describir la tendencia del número de casos que comenzaron el tratamiento en el tiempo máximo. Se realizó un estudio de series temporales utilizando datos de los tratamientos (N = 37.417) del Panel-oncología, disponible en Departamento de Informática del Sistema Único de Salud (DATASUS), según la región de residencia de los pacientes. Para el análisis de la tendencia se realizó la regresión de Prais-Winsten. En los años 2018 y 2019 se observaron porcentajes más elevados para los tratamientos en hasta 60 días, siendo más acentuado en el intervalo de hasta 30 días. En 2019, un 61,5% de los tratamientos comenzaron en hasta 60 días, con mayores proporciones en las regiones Sur (71,3%), Sudeste (60,1%) y Centro-oeste (59,1%). La tendencia temporal de la categoría 0-60 días fue creciente en la Región Norte, con variación porcentaje anual (VPA) de un 15,7% y estacionaria en las demás regiones y en Brasil. La tendencia del tiempo de 0-30 días fue creciente solamente para las regiones Norte y Nordeste, con VPA de 29,75% y 20,56%, respectivamente. Se concluye que a partir de 2018 hubo un mayor número de casos que comenzaron el tratamiento de cáncer de boca durante el tiempo de demora, conforme lo previsto en la Ley nº 12.732/2012 (hasta 60 días), con diferencias regionales y tendencia estacionaria en la mayoría de las regiones y en Brasil. El alcance parcial de la meta, el predominio de la tendencia estacionaria y las desigualdades regionales indican la necesidad de continuar supervisando el tiempo de demora para el inicio del tratamiento de cáncer en el país e intensificar esfuerzos para garantizar el cuidado en salud.

Can the school environment influence oral health-related behaviours? A multilevel analysis of the Brazilian National Adolescent School-Based Health Survey 2015.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between the potential support of schools for oral health promotion and a set of oral health-related behaviours among adolescent students in Brazilian state capitals. METHODS: A cross-sectional study using individual and school environment data from the 2015 Brazilian National Adolescent School-Based Health Survey (PeNSE) was conducted. The sample consisted of 51 192 students from 1339 public and private schools in the 27 Brazilian State Capitals, aged 11-19 years old. The outcomes were six oral health-related behaviours: dental visits; toothbrushing frequency; soft drink and sweets consumption; smoking and alcohol consumption. The explanatory variable was the Oral Health Promotion School Environment index (OHPSE). Covariates were the adolescents' sociodemographic characteristics and organizational aspects of the schools. A two-level multilevel mixed-effects Poisson regression analysis with fixed slopes and random intercepts was performed, considering the complex sample design. RESULTS: The prevalence of risk behaviours was 28.0% for 'low frequency of annual dental visits', 6.9% for 'low daily toothbrushing frequency', 28.8% for 'high weekly soft drink consumption', 41.7% for 'high weekly sweet consumption', 18.9% for 'cigarette experimentation' and 52.6% for 'alcoholic beverage experimentation'. The schools were classified as low (36.3%), intermediate (30.4%) and high (33.3%) OHPSE. In the adjusted model, schools with 'high OHPSE' had lower prevalence of 'low frequency of annual dental visits' (PR = 0.94 [95% CI 0.90; 0.99]), 'high weekly frequency of soft drink consumption' (PR = 0.94 [95% CI 0.89; 0.99]) and 'sweet consumption' (PR = 0.96 [95% CI 0.93; 1.00]) than those with 'low OHPSE'. In addition, schools with 'intermediate OHPSE' had higher prevalence's of 'low daily toothbrushing frequency' (PR = 1.12 [95% CI 1.03; 1.23]) and 'cigarette experimentation' (PR = 1.08 [95% CI 1.01; 1.16]) than those with 'low OHPSE'. 'Alcoholic beverage experimentation' was not associated with OHPSE. CONCLUSIONS: The potential support of schools for oral health promotion was associated with most of the oral health-related behaviours among adolescent students. Those attending schools with higher OHPSE scores reported a higher annual frequency of dental visits and a lower weekly frequency of soft drink and sweet consumption, while those in schools with intermediate OHPSE had a lower daily toothbrushing frequency and a higher rate of cigarette experimentation.

[Oral health in 12 year-old students from public and private schools in the city of Goiânia, Brazil]. / Condição de saúde bucal em escolares de 12 anos de escolas públicas e privadas de Goiânia, Brasil.

OBJECTIVE: To compare 12-year-old students from public and private schools in the city of Goiânia, Brazil, in terms of the prevalence of caries, periodontal conditions, dentofacial anomalies, and fluorosis. METHODS: In 2003, the 2002-2003 Oral Health Conditions in the Brazilian Population project (SB Brasil) was expanded to Goiânia as a cross-sectional study, as described in the present article. The sample included 1 947 students from urban schools: 1 790 (91.9%) attended public schools and 157 (8.1%) attended private schools. Data on the following oral conditions were collected through clinical examination: dental caries (decayed, missing, or filled teeth index, DMFT), periodontal condition (Community Periodontal Index, CPI), dentofacial anomaly (Dental Aesthetics Index, DAI), and dental fluorosis (Dean index). The groups were compared using the chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests. RESULTS: There were differences between the public and private schools for all the variables. DMFT, CPI, and DAI indexes were higher in children from public schools (P < 0.05). Fluorosis was more prevalent in students from private schools (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The type of school was associated with the oral health condition of the children in this sample. Investments in actions and services to mitigate this inequality and its effects should be made as part of the policies to promote oral health.

Opinion of adolescent school smokers about smoking cessation counseling and treatment in health services: a cross-sectional study, Goiás, Brazil, 2018. / Opinião de escolares adolescentes fumantes sobre aconselhamento e tratamento para cessação do tabagismo em serviços de saúde: estudo transversal, Goiás, 2018.

Objective To know the opinion of adolescent school smokers about smoking cessation counseling and treatment, and to investigate whether negative opinion was associated with lack of motivation to stop smoking. Methods This was a cross-sectional study carried out in Goiás state, Brazil, with an intentional sample of adolescent students, in 2018. Poisson regression was used. Results One hundred and thirty adolescents took part. Most of them expressed a positive opinion on the three smoking cessation interventions surveyed: medical counseling (76.2%), dental counseling (70.0%), and smoking cessation treatment (66.2%). Negative opinions were more frequent among adolescents who were not motivated to stop smoking (p<0.05). Regression analyses revealed that lack of motivation to quit smoking was associated with a negative opinion about each intervention. Conclusion The adolescents had a positive opinion about counseling and treatment for smoking cessation in health services. Negative opinion was associated with lack of motivation to quit smoking.

Indicators proposed by the Brazilian Ministry of Health for monitoring and evaluating oral health actions in the National Health System: documentary research, 2000-2017. / Indicadores de saúde bucal propostos pelo Ministério da Saúde para monitoramento e avaliação das ações no Sistema Único de Saúde: pesquisa documental, 2000-2017.

OBJECTIVE: to present the indicators for monitoring and evaluation of oral health actions in the Brazilian National Health System (SUS), proposed in the period 2000-2017. METHODS: documental research conducted on the Ministry of Health website regarding government guidelines on oral health monitoring and evaluation systems; the indicators were classified according to the following categories: access to care; resolutive capacity and continuity; and availability of oral health services. RESULTS: oral health indicators were identified in the following guidelines: 'Health Services Performance Evaluation Methodology Project', 'SUS Qualification Evaluation Program', 'National Program for Improving Primary Care Access and Quality', and 'SUS Performance Index'; most of them refer to access to services and resolutive capacity and continuity of care. CONCLUSION: oral health indicators in the four government guidelines identified provide important input for health management, but new indicators are needed for effective monitoring and evaluation of oral health actions.

School environment and oral health promotion: the National Survey of School Health (PeNSE).

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the potential support of schools for oral health promotion and associated factors in Brazilian capitals. METHODS: Data from 1,339 public and private schools of the 27 Brazilian capitals were obtained from the National Survey of School Health (PeNSE) 2015. Data from the capitals were obtained from the United Nations Development Program and the Department of Informatics of the Brazilian Unified Health System (Datasus). The indicator " ambiente escolar promotor de saúde bucal " (AEPSB - oral health promoting school environment) was designed from 21 variables of the school environment with possible influence on students' oral health employing the categorical principal components analysis (CATPCA). Associations between the AEPSB and characteristics of schools, capitals and regions were tested (bivariate analysis). RESULTS: Ten variables comprised CAPTCA, after excluding those with low correlation or high multicollinearity. The analysis resulted in a model with three dimensions: D1. Within-school aspects (sales of food with added sugar in the canteen and health promotion actions), D2. Aspects of the area around the school (sales of food with added sugar in alternative points) and D3. prohibitive policies at school (prohibition of alcohol and tobacco consumption). The sum of the scores of the dimensions generated the AEPSB indicator, dichotomized by the median. From the total of schools studied, 51.2% (95%CI 48.5-53.8) presented a more favorable environment for oral health (higher AEPSB). In the capitals, this percentage ranged from 36.6% (95%CI 23.4-52.2) in Rio Branco to 80.4% (95%CI 67.2-89.1) in Florianópolis. Among the Brazilian regions, it ranged from 45.5% (95%CI 40.0-51.2) in the North to 67.6% (95%CI 59.4-74.9) in the South. Higher percentages of schools with higher AEPSB were found in public schools [58.1% (95%CI 54.9-61.2)] and in capitals and regions with higher Human Development Index [61.0% (95%IC 55.8-66.0) and 57.4% (95%CI 53.2-61.4), respectively] and lower Gini index [55.7% (95%CI 51.2-60.0) and 52.8 (95%CI 49.8-55.8), respectively]. CONCLUSIONS: The potential to support oral health promotion in schools in Brazilian capitals, assessed by the AEPSB indicator, was associated with contextual factors of schools, capitals and Brazilian regions.

Prevalences of Stages of Change for Smoking Cessation in Adolescents and Associated Factors: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

PURPOSE: To synthesize evidence on the prevalences of stages of change (Transtheoretical Model) for smoking cessation in adolescents and associated factors. METHODS: A systematic search of Web of Science (Thomson Reuters), SCOPUS (Elsevier), MEDLINE/PubMed, CINAHL (EBSCO) and PsycINFO (APA) was conducted to identify eligible studies. Two calibrated reviewers selected studies independently, extracted data, and appraised studies. A qualitative synthesis of the findings and meta-analysis of the prevalences of the stages of change for smoking cessation were carried out. A quality effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalences. RESULTS: Eleven studies (N = 6469 adolescents) from five middle- to high-income countries were included in the review. Precontemplators accounted for 41% of smokers in earlier stages of change (95%CI: 34%-49%). In such a group, a lowered decisional balance, the lowest self-efficacy, and highest nicotine dependence were found (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS: A higher overall prevalence of adolescents in precontemplation stage for smoking cessation was observed. Such group displayed more unfavorable smoking-related behaviors and characteristics than adolescents in other stages. The evidence is limited due to the lack of studies in adolescents living in low-income countries.

Impact of oral condition on the quality of life of homeless people.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence of oral health impact on quality of life and its association with the dental condition and sociodemographic factors of homeless people. METHODS: The sample was composed of 116 adults, temporarily attended by a public institution in the municipality of Goiânia, state of Goiás. Interviews were carried out including the Oral Impact on Daily Performance instrument and sociodemographic aspects. Clinical examinations were done by a trained examiner considering criteria of the World Health Organization. We evaluated dental caries (DMFT index) and use or need to use some type of prosthesis. For the statistical analysis of data, we used Pearson's Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests and Poisson regression with robust variance. RESULTS: Of the total respondents, 81.9% had at least one daily performance affected by dental problems in the six months prior the survey. The most prevalent dental conditions were: need for lower arch (76.7%) and upper arch prosthesis (69.0%); untreated caries (75.9%); and high DMFT (57.8%). In bivariate analysis, only the need for upper prosthesis variable was associated with the impact (high Oral Impact on Daily Performance). In the regression model, adjusted for time in the institution, age, and sex, this association remained significant (p = 0.015). Individuals without need for upper prosthesis had prevalence of high impact on daily performance 55% lower than those in need of this type of prosthesis (p = 0.018). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of oral health impact on quality of life of homeless people was high and higher than that verified in the overall Brazilian population. The impact was associated with the need for upper prosthesis, regardless of sociodemographic characteristics of the individuals.