RESUMEN
Endomyocardial fibrosis, which is a cause of restrictive cardiomyopathy, is characterized by the deposition of fibrous tissue in the apical region of 1 or both ventricles. The condition not only affects the diastolic dynamics of the ventricles, but also the function of the atrioventricular valves. The disease occurs predominantly in tropical regions worldwide and in sub-Saharan Africa. This condition is not well understood, with varied manifestations, from subclinical presentations to chronic and progressive edematous syndromes. Here, we present the challenging case of a patient with an indeterminate echocardiographic image, suggesting apical hypertrophy, plus severe aortic stenosis and fibrosis of the left ventricular outflow tract. An electrocardiogram revealed symmetrical T-wave inversion, which is a characteristic manifestation of apical hypertrophy. The importance of cardiac imaging examinations such as echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance for differentiating between endomyocardial fibrosis and apical hypertrophy is highlighted in this patient's case.
Asunto(s)
Técnicas de Imagen Cardíaca/métodos , Cardiomiopatía Hipertrófica/diagnóstico por imagen , Cardiomiopatía Restrictiva/diagnóstico por imagen , Fibrosis Endomiocárdica/diagnóstico por imagen , Ventrículos Cardíacos/diagnóstico por imagen , Cardiomiopatía Restrictiva/etiología , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Ecocardiografía/métodos , Fibrosis Endomiocárdica/complicaciones , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Cinemagnética/métodos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Dengue is a disease whose clinical manifestations range from asymptomatic infections to a severe disease. There have been some previous reports of myocardial involvement in dengue, but this association has not been completely established. METHODS: From January to July of 2011, patients hospitalized with dengue, confirmed through dengue nonstructural protein 1 and/or immunoglobulin M detection, were included in this study and troponin I and N terminal fragment of B-type natriuretic peptide levels were determined. Patients with abnormal biomarkers underwent echocardiography and when any abnormality was detected, they underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS: Eighty-one patients were evaluated and 12 patients (15%) presented with elevated biomarker levels. Compared to controls, they had higher leukocyte (P < .001) and platelet counts (P = .005); higher C-reactive protein (P = .02), and a lower viral load (P = .03). There was no difference according to clinical dengue classification; dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome severity; duration of symptoms; or prevalence of secondary infection between the 2 groups. Two patients died secondary to cardiogenic shock before imaging studies. Necroscopic findings were compatible to myocarditis in both, and immunohistochemistry for dengue virus showed increased staining on mononuclear cells located in the myocardial tissue. Of the 10 patients who underwent echocardiography, depressed left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was identified in 1, left ventricular segmental abnormalities with preserved LVEF in 2, and an important pericardial effusion with tamponade in another. Cardiac involvement was confirmed by CMR in these 4 patients. CONCLUSIONS: Dengue viruses were shown to cause cardiac disease with clinical manifestations ranging from mild elevation of biomarkers to myocarditis and/or pericarditis.
Asunto(s)
Virus del Dengue/aislamiento & purificación , Dengue/fisiopatología , Miocarditis/virología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Biomarcadores/sangre , Niño , Preescolar , Dengue/sangre , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Miocarditis/sangre , Péptido Natriurético Encefálico/sangre , Fragmentos de Péptidos/sangre , Estudios Prospectivos , Choque Cardiogénico/sangre , Choque Cardiogénico/virología , Troponina I/sangre , Carga ViralRESUMEN
A endomiocardiofibrose é uma doença negligenciada e predominante em países subdesenvolvidos. Apesar de sua frequência, ainda é considerada rara. Assim, a doença é marcada pelos seguintes achados: distorção arquitetural, alterações no enchimento ventricular e alterações da mobilidade segmentar. Ela afetando não só a dinâmica diastólica e sistólica, como também as funções das válvulas cardíacas. Em uma condição mais avançada da doença, pode haver formação de trombos apicais. Neste relato de caso, revisitamos a endomiocardiofibrose, apresentando um caso desafiador de paciente do sexo feminino de 52 anos, com clínica de insuficiência cardíaca classe funcional IV da New York Heart Association. A eletrocardiografia de repouso revelou ritmo sinusal com sobrecarga do ventrículo esquerdo com vetores de alta voltagem, infradesnivelamento retificado do segmento ST e onda T negativa em região anterolateral, podendo ser compatível com padrão de strain. Já na avaliação de imagens ecocardiográficas, revelou dilatação acentuada do átrio esquerdo, com ventrículos sem dilatações e imagem de ocupação apical hiperrefringente no interior do ventrículo esquerdo, sugerindo grande trombo séssil sobreposto à capa fibrosa endocárdica. Embora a conduta cirúrgica seja a mais apoiada em literatura em tais situações, a paciente aqui apresentada recebeu tratamento com anticoagulação oral por 1 mês e 24 dias. Ela evoluiu clinicamente bem, com melhora da classe funcional da New York Heart Association e, em ecocardiografia realizada 2 meses após o início da anticoagulação oral, houve demonstração da regressão da imagem de trombo apical, apoiada com a técnica de contraste endocavitário.(AU)
Endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF) is a neglected but prevalent disease in underdeveloped countries. Despite its frequency, it is still considered a rare disease. It is marked by the following findings: architectural distortion, ventricular filling changes, and segmental mobility changes affecting not only diastolic and systolic dynamics but also heart valve function. Apical thrombi can be formed in more advanced disease. In this case report, we revisit EMF and present the challenging case of a 52-year-old woman with New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional classification (FC) IV heart failure. Resting electrocardiography revealed sinus rhythm with left ventricular (LV) overload, high voltage vectors, rectified ST-segment depression, and a negative T-wave in the anterolateral region compatible with the strain pattern. The evaluation of echocardiographic images showed marked left atrial dilation, no ventricular dilatation, and hyper-refringent apical occupation within the LV suggestive of a large sessile thrombus superimposed on the endocardial fibrous layer. Although surgery is the most supported approach in the literature in such situations, this patient was treated with oral anticoagulants (OAC) for 1 month and 24 days. The patient progressed well with an improved NYHA FC. Endocavitary contrast echocardiography performed 2 months after OAC initiation showed regression of the apical thrombus image. (AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Trombosis/diagnóstico por imagen , Fibrosis Endomiocárdica/complicaciones , Fibrosis Endomiocárdica/tratamiento farmacológico , Ecocardiografía/métodos , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Ventrículos Cardíacos/fisiopatología , Anticoagulantes/administración & dosificación , Anticoagulantes/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
Ventricular constraint therapy has been used to prevent and reverse the progression of heart failure in ischemic and nonischemic cardiomyopathies. We hypothesized that ventricular restraint should be tried by closing the pericardium that was previously opened following left ventricle topographical projection. The surgical technique presentation is illustrated by a remarkable 13-year outcome of one patient with dilated cardiomyopathy treated surgically by mitral prosthesis, Cox/Maze III surgery to treat atrial fibrillation, and associated to the ventricular constraint using the patient's own pericardium. The ventricular pericardial restraint role is unclear, since the patient had multiple corrections that could be responsible for the good outcome; however it is viable deserving investigations.
Asunto(s)
Insuficiencia Cardíaca/cirugía , Ventrículos Cardíacos/cirugía , Pericardio/cirugía , Fibrilación Atrial/cirugía , Cardiomiopatía Dilatada/cirugía , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/diagnóstico por imagen , Prótesis Valvulares Cardíacas , Implantación de Prótesis de Válvulas Cardíacas , Ventrículos Cardíacos/diagnóstico por imagen , Humanos , Masculino , Ilustración Médica , Persona de Mediana Edad , Válvula Mitral/cirugía , Pericardio/diagnóstico por imagen , Resultado del Tratamiento , UltrasonografíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To present a surgical variant technique to repair left ventricular aneurysms. METHODS: After anesthesia, cardiopulmonary bypass, and myocardial protection with hyperkalemic tepic blood cardioplegia: 1) The left ventricle is opened through the infarct and an endocardial encircling suture is placed at the transitional zone between the scarred and normal tissue; 2) Next, the scar tissue is circumferentially plicated with deep stitches using the same suture thread, taking care to eliminate the entire septal scar; 3) Then, a second encircling suture is placed, completing the occlusion of the aneurysm, and; 4) Finally, the remaining scar tissue is oversewn with an invaginating suture, to ensure hemostasis. Myocardium revascularization is performed after correction of the left ventricle aneurysm. The same surgeon performed all the operations. RESULTS: Regarding the post-surgical outcome 4 patients (40%) had surgery 8 eight years ago, 2 patients (20%) were operated on over 6 years ago, and 1 patient (10%) was operated on more than 5 years ago. Three patients (30%) were in functional class I, class II in 2 patients (20%) and 2 patients (20%) with severe comorbidities remains in class III of the NYHA. There were three deaths (at four days, 15 days and eight months) in septuagenarians with acute myocardial infarction, diabetes and pulmonary emphysema. CONCLUSION: The technique is easy to perform, safe and it can be an option for the correction of left ventricle aneurysms.
Asunto(s)
Aneurisma Cardíaco/cirugía , Ventrículos Cardíacos/cirugía , Anciano , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Cardíacos/métodos , Femenino , Aneurisma Cardíaco/diagnóstico por imagen , Ventrículos Cardíacos/diagnóstico por imagen , Humanos , Masculino , Ilustración Médica , Persona de Mediana Edad , Revascularización Miocárdica/métodos , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Técnicas de Sutura , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del Tratamiento , UltrasonografíaRESUMEN
The antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune thrombophilia, characterized by the presence of plasma antibodies against phospholipids, associated with recurrent episodes of venous and/or arterial thrombosis and gestational morbidity (especially recurrent miscarriage). We report the case of a young female patient diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) associated with the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies for a long time, presenting with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) due to proximal thrombosis of the anterior descending artery as the first clinical complication of APS.
Asunto(s)
Síndrome Antifosfolípido/complicaciones , Trombosis Coronaria/etiología , Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico/complicaciones , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Infarto del Miocardio/diagnóstico , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Abstract Ventricular constraint therapy has been used to prevent and reverse the progression of heart failure in ischemic and nonischemic cardiomyopathies. We hypothesized that ventricular restraint should be tried by closing the pericardium that was previously opened following left ventricle topographical projection. The surgical technique presentation is illustrated by a remarkable 13-year outcome of one patient with dilated cardiomyopathy treated surgically by mitral prosthesis, Cox/Maze III surgery to treat atrial fibrillation, and associated to the ventricular constraint using the patient's own pericardium. The ventricular pericardial restraint role is unclear, since the patient had multiple corrections that could be responsible for the good outcome; however it is viable deserving investigations.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/cirugía , Ventrículos Cardíacos/cirugía , Pericardio/cirugía , Fibrilación Atrial/cirugía , Cardiomiopatía Dilatada/cirugía , Prótesis Valvulares Cardíacas , Implantación de Prótesis de Válvulas Cardíacas , Insuficiencia Cardíaca , Ventrículos Cardíacos , Ilustración Médica , Válvula Mitral/cirugía , Pericardio , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
INTRODUÇÃO: Os autores relatam a experiência inicial da oclusão da comunicação interatrial ostium secundum (CIA) com a utilização da prótese Memopart® (Shanghai Shape Memory Alloy Co Ltd, Shanghai, China). MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo observacional, no qual uma série de pacientes portadores de defeitos com significativa repercussão hemodinâmica e características anatômicas favoráveis ao implante foi submetida à oclusão percutânea de CIA. O procedimento foi realizado por via femoral percutânea, pela técnica habitual. O período de seguimento foi de 10,3 ± 5 meses, com controles clínicos e ecocardiográficos 24 horas (ou antes da alta hospitalar), 1, 3, 6 e 12 meses após o implante. RESULTADOS: No período de fevereiro de 2012 a abril de 2013, foram submetidos à oclusão percutânea de CIA 21 pacientes, sendo 16 do sexo feminino, com idade média de 33,1 ± 18,7 anos. O diâmetro médio do defeito foi de 19,04 ± 6,25 mm e o tamanho da prótese foi de 21,42 ± 6,73 mm (8 a 34 mm). O implante foi realizado com êxito em todos os casos, verificando-se oclusão total no controle antes da alta hospitalar. No seguimento, todos os pacientes estiveram assintomáticos e comprovou-se a persistência da oclusão total do defeito. Não houve mortalidade e nem outras complicações na série. CONCLUSÕES: A oclusão percutânea da CIA utilizando-se prótese Memopart® é um procedimento eficaz e seguro, dentro dos limites desta investigação. O implante da prótese é simples e apresenta alto índice de oclusão imediata, inclusive de defeitos de grandes dimensões.
BACKGROUND: The authors report their initial experience with the Memopart device (Shanghai Shape Memory Alloy Co Ltd, Shanghai, China) for the occlusion of secundum atrial septal defect (ASD). METHODS: This was a prospective observational study of a series of patients undergoing percutaneous occlusion of ASD with right ventricle volume overload and favorable anatomic characteristics. The procedure was performed by percutaneous femoral approach. The mean follow-up was 10.3 ± 5 months, with clinical and 24-hour echocardiographic evaluations (or before hospital discharge), 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after implantation. RESULTS: From February/2012 to April/2013, 21 patients, 16 females, mean age 33.1 ± 18.7 years, were submitted to percutaneous occlusion of an ASD. The average diameter of the defect was 19.04 ± 6.25 mm and the device size was 21.42 ± 6.73 mm (8 to 34 mm). Total occlusion of the defect was observed in all cases before hospital discharge. During follow-up, all patients were asymptomatic and without residual shunt. There was no deaths or any other complications in the series. CONCLUSIONS: The percutaneous closure of ASD using a Memopart device is an effective and safe procedure within the limits of this investigation. The device is user-friendly and has a high rate of immediate occlusion, even in large defects.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Niño , Adolescente , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Defectos del Tabique Interatrial/fisiopatología , Cardiopatías Congénitas , Dispositivo Oclusor Septal , Cateterismo Cardíaco , Ecocardiografía Transesofágica/métodos , Estudios Prospectivos , Venas Pulmonares/cirugíaRESUMEN
A síndrome do anticorpo antifosfolípide (SAF) é uma trombofilia autoimune, caracterizada pela presença de anticorpos plasmáticos contra fosfolípides, associada a episódios recorrentes de trombose venosa e/ou arterial e morbidade gestacional (especialmente abortamento de repetição). Reportamos o caso de uma paciente feminina, jovem, com diagnóstico de lúpus eritematoso sistêmico (LES), associado à presença de anticorpos antifosfolípide de longa data, com apresentação de infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM) por trombose proximal da artéria descendente anterior como primeira complicação clínica da SAF.
The antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune thrombophilia, characterized by the presence of plasma antibodies against phospholipids, associated with recurrent episodes of venous and/or arterial thrombosis and gestational morbidity (especially recurrent miscarriage). We report the case of a young female patient diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) associated with the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies for a long time, presenting with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) due to proximal thrombosis of the anterior descending artery as the first clinical complication of APS.
El Síndrome del Anticuerpo Antifosfolípido (SAF), es una trombofilia autoinmune, caracterizada por la presencia de anticuerpos plasmáticos contra fosfolípidos, asociada a episodios recurrentes de trombosis venosa y/o arterial y morbilidad gestacional (especialmente aborto de repetición). Reportamos aquí, el caso de una paciente del sexo femenino, joven, con diagnóstico de lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES), asociado a la presencia de anticuerpos antifosfolípido hacía ya mucho tiempo, presentando infarto agudo del miocardio (IAM), por trombosis proximal de la arteria descendente anterior como primera complicación clínica de la SAF.
Asunto(s)
Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Síndrome Antifosfolípido/complicaciones , Trombosis Coronaria/etiología , Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico/complicaciones , Infarto del Miocardio/diagnóstico , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
As valvulopatias mitrais de etiologia reumática ainda são muito prevalentes em nosso meio...