RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To compare social skills and related executive functions among bipolar disorder (BD) patients with a family history of mood disorders (FHMD), BD patients with no FHMD and healthy control (HCs). METHODS: We evaluated 20 euthymic patients with FHMD, 17 euthymic patients without FHMD, and 31 HCs using the Social Skills Inventory (SSI) and a neuropsychological battery evaluating executive function, inhibitory control, verbal fluency and estimated intelligence. RESULTS: Both BD groups had lower SSI scores than controls. Scores for one subfactor of the social skills questionnaire, conversational skills and social performance, were significantly lower among patients with FHMD than among patients without FHMD (p = 0.019). Both groups of BD patients exhibited significant deficits in initiation/inhibition, but only BD patients with FHMD had deficits in verbal fluency, both compared to HC. There were no associations between social skills questionnaire scores and measures of cognitive function. CONCLUSION: Euthymic BD patients have lower social skills and executive function performance than HC. The presence of FHMD among BD patients is specifically associated with deficits in conversational and social performance skills, in addition to deficits in verbal fluency. Both characteristics might be associated with a common genetically determined pathophysiological substrate.
Asunto(s)
Trastorno Bipolar/psicología , Trastornos del Conocimiento/psicología , Cognición , Función Ejecutiva , Trastornos del Humor/psicología , Habilidades Sociales , Adolescente , Adulto , Trastorno Bipolar/genética , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Trastornos del Conocimiento/genética , Femenino , Humanos , Inteligencia , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pruebas Neuropsicológicas , Inducción de Remisión , Conducta Verbal/fisiología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE:: Rapid cycling (RC) is a feature of bipolar disorder (BD) that has been associated with worse outcome and more severe disability. Our goal was to investigate the association of demographic and clinical factors with RC. METHODS:: We compared RC and non-rapid cycling (NRC) BD patients from the Brazilian Research Network in Bipolar Disorder (BRN-BD) regarding age at onset of BD; total number of episodes; previous number of manic, depressive, mixed, and hypomanic episodes; polarity of the first episode; gender; number of suicide attempts; number of lifetime hospitalizations and lifetime history of at least one hospitalization; family history of mood disorder; clinical comorbidities such as hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, seizures; and current use of medications such as lithium, anticonvulsants, antipsychotics, and antidepressants. RESULTS:: We studied 577 patients and found that 100 (17.3%) met the criteria for RC in the year before the investigation. RC patients had earlier age at onset, longer duration of disease, more lifetime depressive and manic episodes, higher number of suicide attempts, and higher rate antidepressant use. CONCLUSION:: The presence of RC in the previous year was associated with specific clinical characteristics closely related to worse outcome in the course of BD.
Asunto(s)
Trastorno Bipolar/psicología , Adulto , Edad de Inicio , Antidepresivos/uso terapéutico , Trastorno Bipolar/tratamiento farmacológico , Trastorno Bipolar/epidemiología , Trastorno Bipolar/fisiopatología , Brasil/epidemiología , Comorbilidad , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Femenino , Hospitalización , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Escalas de Valoración Psiquiátrica , Intento de Suicidio/psicología , Intento de Suicidio/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Unaffected relatives of bipolar disorder (BD) patients have been investigated for the identification of endophenotypes in an attempt to further elucidate the pathophysiology of the disease. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is considered to be implicated in the pathophysiology of BD, but its role as an endophenotype has been poorly studied. We investigated abnormal serum BDNF levels in BD patients, in their unaffected relatives, and in healthy controls. METHODS: BDNF levels were obtained from 25 DSM-IV bipolar I disorder patients, 23 unaffected relatives, and 27 healthy controls. All BD patients were in remission. The unaffected subjects were first-degree relatives of the proband who had no lifetime DSM-IV diagnosis of axis I disorder. BDNF serum levels were determined by sandwich ELISA using monoclonal BDNF-specific antibodies. RESULTS: There were no statistical differences in BDNF levels among BD patients, relatives, and healthy controls. CONCLUSION: Serum BDNF levels may not indicate high genetic risk for BD, possibly acting as state markers rather than trait markers of the disease.
Asunto(s)
Trastorno Bipolar/sangre , Factor Neurotrófico Derivado del Encéfalo/sangre , Familia , Adulto , Análisis de Varianza , Biomarcadores/sangre , Trastorno Bipolar/genética , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Endofenotipos/sangre , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Escalas de Valoración Psiquiátrica , Valores de Referencia , Factores de Riesgo , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Objective: To compare social skills and related executive functions among bipolar disorder (BD) patients with a family history of mood disorders (FHMD), BD patients with no FHMD and healthy control (HCs). Methods: We evaluated 20 euthymic patients with FHMD, 17 euthymic patients without FHMD, and 31 HCs using the Social Skills Inventory (SSI) and a neuropsychological battery evaluating executive function, inhibitory control, verbal fluency and estimated intelligence. Results: Both BD groups had lower SSI scores than controls. Scores for one subfactor of the social skills questionnaire, conversational skills and social performance, were significantly lower among patients with FHMD than among patients without FHMD (p = 0.019). Both groups of BD patients exhibited significant deficits in initiation/inhibition, but only BD patients with FHMD had deficits in verbal fluency, both compared to HC. There were no associations between social skills questionnaire scores and measures of cognitive function. Conclusion: Euthymic BD patients have lower social skills and executive function performance than HC. The presence of FHMD among BD patients is specifically associated with deficits in conversational and social performance skills, in addition to deficits in verbal fluency. Both characteristics might be associated with a common genetically determined pathophysiological substrate.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adolescente , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven , Trastorno Bipolar/psicología , Cognición , Trastornos del Conocimiento/psicología , Trastornos del Humor/psicología , Función Ejecutiva , Habilidades Sociales , Conducta Verbal/fisiología , Trastorno Bipolar/genética , Inducción de Remisión , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Trastornos del Conocimiento/genética , Inteligencia , Pruebas NeuropsicológicasRESUMEN
Objective: Rapid cycling (RC) is a feature of bipolar disorder (BD) that has been associated with worse outcome and more severe disability. Our goal was to investigate the association of demographic and clinical factors with RC. Methods: We compared RC and non-rapid cycling (NRC) BD patients from the Brazilian Research Network in Bipolar Disorder (BRN-BD) regarding age at onset of BD; total number of episodes; previous number of manic, depressive, mixed, and hypomanic episodes; polarity of the first episode; gender; number of suicide attempts; number of lifetime hospitalizations and lifetime history of at least one hospitalization; family history of mood disorder; clinical comorbidities such as hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, seizures; and current use of medications such as lithium, anticonvulsants, antipsychotics, and antidepressants. Results: We studied 577 patients and found that 100 (17.3%) met the criteria for RC in the year before the investigation. RC patients had earlier age at onset, longer duration of disease, more lifetime depressive and manic episodes, higher number of suicide attempts, and higher rate antidepressant use. Conclusion: The presence of RC in the previous year was associated with specific clinical characteristics closely related to worse outcome in the course of BD.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Trastorno Bipolar/psicología , Escalas de Valoración Psiquiátrica , Intento de Suicidio/psicología , Intento de Suicidio/estadística & datos numéricos , Trastorno Bipolar/fisiopatología , Trastorno Bipolar/tratamiento farmacológico , Trastorno Bipolar/epidemiología , Brasil/epidemiología , Comorbilidad , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Edad de Inicio , Hospitalización , Antidepresivos/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
Objective: Unaffected relatives of bipolar disorder (BD) patients have been investigated for the identification of endophenotypes in an attempt to further elucidate the pathophysiology of the disease. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is considered to be implicated in the pathophysiology of BD, but its role as an endophenotype has been poorly studied. We investigated abnormal serum BDNF levels in BD patients, in their unaffected relatives, and in healthy controls. Methods: BDNF levels were obtained from 25 DSM-IV bipolar I disorder patients, 23 unaffected relatives, and 27 healthy controls. All BD patients were in remission. The unaffected subjects were first-degree relatives of the proband who had no lifetime DSM-IV diagnosis of axis I disorder. BDNF serum levels were determined by sandwich ELISA using monoclonal BDNF-specific antibodies. Results: There were no statistical differences in BDNF levels among BD patients, relatives, and healthy controls. Conclusion: Serum BDNF levels may not indicate high genetic risk for BD, possibly acting as state markers rather than trait markers of the disease.