Characterization and analysis of migration patterns of dentospheres derived from periodontal tissue and the palate.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Stem cells derived from periodontal and palatal tissues may be useful for regenerative therapies of periodontal tissues. In addition to the use of single periodontium-derived stem cells (pdSCs) and palatal-derived stem cells (paldSCs), the application of pdSC and paldSC dentospheres, providing a pool of vital stem cells, may be a useful approach. As cell migration is a prerequisite for stem cells to regenerate a three-dimensional tissue environment, we characterized pdSCs and paldSCs and investigated the migratory activity of dentospheres within a three-dimensional environment. We also investigated the capacity of the dentospheres to grow on zirconium dioxide surfaces. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The capacity of pdSCs and paldSCs to differentiate into the neuronal and osteogenic lineages was proved by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry through the detection of specific lineage markers, such as alkaline phosphatase, glutamate decarboxylase 1 (also known as GAD67, the 67-kDa isoform of glutamate decarboxylase), neurofilament-M and ß-III-tubulin. The expression profile of surface molecules on pdSCs and paldSCs was analyzed by flow cytometry. Adhesion and growth of pdSC/paldSC dentospheres on zirconium dioxide surfaces were determined using confocal laser-scanning microscopy. The migratory behavior of the cells was analyzed using a three-dimensional collagen matrix migration assay. RESULTS: Both pdSCs and paldSCs were positive for epidermal growth factor receptor, CC chemokine receptor 2 and CXC chemokine receptor 4 expression and were able to grow on zirconium dioxide surfaces. Cell-migration experiments revealed that both stem-cell populations responded similarly to epidermal growth factor (EGF), monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) and stromal cell-derived factor 1alpha (SDF-1α). Stimulation with EGF resulted in an increased migratory activity of both stem-cell types, whereas the locomotory behavior of the cells was impaired by both MCP-1 and SDF-1α. CONCLUSION: Dentospheres represent a pool of vital pdSCs/paldSCs. As a result of the migratory activity demonstrated, along with the capacity to grow on zirconium dioxide surfaces, dentospheres may be useful for regenerative purposes in periodontal tissues.

Clinical and Pathogenetic Significance of Amylase Level and Microtomographic Index of Synovial Fluid in Various Joint Lesions.

The aim of the investigation was to study the level of amylolytic activity and microtomographic index of synovial fluid density as well as to substantiate their clinical and pathogenetic significance by identifying correlations with the known informative indicators reflecting characteristic features of the pathological process in various joint diseases. Materials and Methods: Samples of synovial fluid from 95 patients with various joint pathologies at the stage of the disease progression characterized by copious effusion into articular cavities have been examined. Synovial fluid samples obtained by knee arthrocentesis served as a material for the investigation. Conventional methods were used to determine the concentration of uric acid, inorganic phosphorus, total protein, and amylolytic activity level in the selected samples while X-ray density was identified by computed microtomography. Results: All samples of pathological joint fluid have shown a high level of amylolytic activity as compared to the synovial fluid from healthy joints. The relationship between the level of amylolytic activity in synovia and specific joint pathology has been identified. It has also been found that uric acid values, inorganic phosphorus concentrations, and total protein in various types of joint damage may influence X-ray density of the synovial fluid. Correlations between the studied indices have been established. Conclusion: New data on the level of synovia amylolytic activity has been obtained in one non-inflammatory and six different inflammatory diseases. Pathogenically determined correlation between the microtomographic index of synovial fluid density and concentrations of uric acid, inorganic phosphorus, total protein has been confirmed. Specific indicators of X-ray density of synovia in various joint pathologies as well as unidirectional and multidirectional data in comparison with the norm allow us to consider X-ray microtomography as a method that reveals additional details during investigation of synovial fluid density and brings new surrogate markers for the study of pathogenetic mechanisms of the development, differentiation, and treatment of various joint pathologies.

The influence of sulfate-reducing bacteria colonization of 2 different bioresorbable barrier membranes for GTR. An 18-month case-controlled microbiologic and clinical study.

The purpose of the present microbiologic and case-controlled clinical study was to examine the colonization of 2 different resorbable barrier membranes by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). The barrier membranes tested were Guidor matrix barrier and Resolut regenerative material. Ten patients exhibiting 3 Class II furcation defects and 7 intrabony defects were included in the study. The probing depth and the clinical attachment level at 4 surfaces per tooth were taken at the beginning of the study. Microbiologic samples were taken from the experimental sites and from the approximal sites of the adjacent teeth. Both types of resorbable membranes were positive for SRB colonization. The detection of SRB in 2 of 7 intrabony defects and in all defects with furcation involvement before the membrane placement indicated that these organisms are a common inhabitant of sites showing periodontal destruction and are associated with guided tissue regeneration (GTR). According to the clinical criteria for healing tendencies used in this study, the GTR procedures were less successful in the presence of SRB. There were no significant clinical effects of different resorbable membrane materials or membrane layout on attachment level changes for either the intrabony defect or furcation groups after 18 months. There were no statistical differences for sites that became exposed to SRB when compared to sites that remained unexposed after 18 months. The numeric significance of SRB in relation to the total microbial count needs to be determined to gain insight into the ecologic role of membrane resorption rates.

[Formation of a computer-assisted register in periodontology - results of a study for evaluating a standardized examination chart]. / Aufbau eines Computergestützten Registers in der Parodontologie--Ergebnisse einer Studie zur Bewertung eines standardisierten Befundbogens.

On the basis of a co-ordinate study of 16 periodontal facilities in the GDR, a standardized documentation system was developed for recording and processing patient-oriented informations in periodontology. This documentation system is the basis for building-up a computer-based periodontal register in the GDR. This register might assume the following tasks: storage and management of data about patients subjected to specialized periodontal treatment, problem orientation methods of automated information processing, inquiries, scientific evaluation.

[The video impression--a CAD procedure for manufacture of ceramic inlays]. / Der Videoabdruck--ein CAD-Verfahren zur Herstellung von keramischen Inlays.

Study was provided, creating a CAD/CAM technique for automated producing of ceramic inlays based on a optical topographic scanning procedure.

[Use of a computerized problem-oriented record in special ambulatory periodontal treatment]. / Einsatz eines computergestützten problemorientierten Krankenblattes in der spezialambulanten parodontologischen Betreuung.

Starting from the development trends of the modern out-patient treatment it is required to clearly out-line the objective functions of special out-patient care in the periodontology. Of course, the represented function call for more comprehensive data acquisition in regard of the individual patient. As a model we have worked out a computer-aided problem-oriented record for periodontal care which, in a ring hybrid study, is now being tested by 14 different public health institutions of the GDR. Our problem-oriented record comprises the following parts: a) Patient-machine communication for anamnesis b) Computer-oriented medical record c) Automated synoptic presentation of problem epicrisis d) Centralized data-pool.

[EDP (electronic data processing) and medicine]. / EDV und Medizin.

The paper deals with the description of the regions of the use of automatized processing of medical informations; i.e. the basic processes of the information processing referred to patients in the hospital, the information and documentation referred to patients, the information relations between the place demading efficiencies and bringing efficiencies in the medical institution including systems organized in the territory as well as the finding of decisions in medicine. With the description of the individual regions of use are connected considerations of the utility, issuing from the project of the electronic data processing realised at the Medical Academy Dresden. The regions of application described make clear that the tasks of the automatized processing of medical informations extend to the following: Taking over of functions of the description of information and the storage of information, taking over of functions of the comparison of informations and the control of information, taking over of functions of the organisational preparation and the planning of diagnostic and therapeutic courses as well as the taking over of functions of the information integration. It is clearly to be established that the electronic data processing shall not restrict the turning of the physician to the patient, but shall improve and enlarge it. The electronic data processing is a modern means of work which with progressing scientific and technical development medicine needs just as much as other technical procedures and methods.

[Studies of parodontal results obtained for selected teeth and groups of teeth with particular reference to their predictive potential regarding an overall assessment (author's transl)]. / Untersuchungen von Registrierungen parodontaler Befunde an ausgewählten Zähnen bzw. Zahngruppen auf ihre Aussagekraft für eine Gesamtbeurteilung.

With the support of a Cluster Analysis and other statistical methods we have found out the relative efficiency of some periodontal partial recording selections. Overrating or underrating evaluations arise from the registration of periodontal symptoms and signs by partial recording of special teeth or groups of teeth. The results of our investigations have demonstrated the higher quantitative and qualitative coincidence of the RAMFJORDS teeth with the periodontal status as the frontal region of the lower jaw.

Early-onset periodontitis associated with Down's syndrome--clinical interventional study.

Individuals with Down's syndrome (DS) have an increased prevalence of periodontal disease compared with otherwise normal, age-matched control groups and other mentally handicapped patients of similar age distribution. The exaggerated immune-inflammatory response of the tissues cannot be explained by poor oral hygiene alone and might be the result of an impaired cell-mediated and humoral immunity and a deficient phagocytic system. As far as the progression and severity of destruction, the oral manifestations of DS patients are consistent with the juvenile periodontitis (JP) disease pattern. The purpose of the present study was 1) to assess the periodontal clinical and microbiological status of 10 DS patients aged 20 to 31 years (mean: 26.3 years) relative to that of 11 patients with cerebral palsy (CP) aged 23 to 53 years (mean: 36 years) without defective immunological functions, and 2) to determine the effect of supragingival plaque control and oral hygiene instruction in these patient groups. Subsequent to the initial examination and a professional tooth cleaning program, clinical and microbiological parameters were monitored over a period of 12 weeks. The clinical examination included the recording of plaque index (P1), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL). Subgingival plaque samples were always obtained from the same pocket with the highest disease activity (deepest bleeding site at baseline examination) in each subject for a morphotype analysis by dark field microscopy and for identification and quantitation of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Eikenella corrodens, Bacteroides forsythus, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Treponema denticola, and Campylobacter rectus by DNA probes. The results of the baseline examinations demonstrated that DS patients and patients with cerebral palsy had inflamed gingiva associated with a high amount of plaque. The mean probing depth and percentage of sites with probing depth> 4 mm corresponded to age and poor oral hygiene in CP patients. Deep pockets in DS patients demonstrated a high prevalence of periodontal disease compared with age-matched children with mental retardation and non-handicapped patients. Regarding the young age of onset, the severe destruction of periodontal tissues and pathogenesis of periodontitis in DS patients are consistent with the juvenile periodontitis disease pattern. The missing clinical benefit and alteration of the subgingival flora following supragingival plaque control in DS patients underlined the alteration in the immunological response.

[Clinically controlled, integrated study on plaque inhibition with zinc-fluoride-hexetidin]. / Klinisch-kontrollierte Verbundstudie zur Plaquehemmung von Zinkfluoridhexietidin.

This study investigated the effect of Zinc-Fluorid-Hexetidin comparing with positive control group (Chlorhexidin) and negative control group (experimental gingivitis). The result demonstrated that a mouthrinse containing Zinc-Fluorid-Hexetidin prevented the development of plaque without complications.

Sulfate-reducing bacteria in relation with other potential periodontal pathogens.

BACKGROUND, AIMS: Oral sulfate-reducing bacteria are involved in several clinical categories of periodontitis. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to compare the presence of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) with other putative pathogens including spirochetes, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Bacteroides forsythus, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Treponema denticola in periodontal lesions. METHOD: Periodontal SRB were detected by enrichment culture and compared with a microscopic spirochete count (n=168). Species-specific oligonucleotide probes directed against the 16S rRNA were employed to determine the presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, B. forsythus, and T. denticola (n=55). RESULTS: A significant positive correlation was observed between the presence of SRB and the proportions of spirochetes in subgingival plaque, although the 2 bacterial groups also occurred separately. SRB tended to be negatively correlated with the presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans. In contrast, all pockets with SRB harbored either T. denticola, or both T. denticola and B. forsythus (12/14) before therapy. Interestingly, the combination of SRB with P. gingivalis occurred in 32% of the periodontal pockets before treatment. After initial periodontal therapy, the prevalence of this combination was reduced to 2% of the sites, and to 25% of the sites in recall patients. CONCLUSION: The presence of SRB was positively correlated with T. denticola, B. forsythus, and P. gingivalis in periodontal lesions. These suspected pathogens form a complex strongly associated with destructive periodontitis.

Use of ultrafast computed tomography in dental surgery: a case report.

A case of a transdental fixation planned on the basis of ultrafast computed tomography is reported. This method allows to gain an insight in the osseous structures required for the operative procedure. Ultrafast computed tomography is superior to the conventional radiographs in obtaining accurate information about the vertical bone supply and the extension of the facial osseous sinus wall. A set of axial CT-images with an extension of 3 mm was acquired in the region of the alveolar bone. By means of frontal reconstructions and data processing methods the thickness of the bone layer in transverse direction was accurately determined. The calculated bone thickness allowed to anchor a transdental self-tapping titanium screw.

[Present level of software production for the use of microcomputers, PCh's and terminals in the stomatology of the GDR]. / Gegenwärtiger Stand der Softwareerarbeitung für den Einsatz von Klein-, Personal- und Arbeitsplatzcomputern in der Stomatologie der DDR.

The informatics team of the Stomatological Society of the GDR provides a complete list of presently available program packages for home, 8 and 16-bit computers and a list of the programming teams. Main developments for the use of PC's in stomatology are described as well. By establishing clear lines for the development of software, standardized user software can be guaranteed.