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1.
Emerg Infect Dis ; 30(7): 1361-1373, 2024 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38861554

RESUMEN

In March 2024, the US Department of Agriculture's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service reported detection of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) virus in dairy cattle in the United States for the first time. One factor that determines susceptibility to HPAI H5N1 infection is the presence of specific virus receptors on host cells; however, little is known about the distribution of the sialic acid (SA) receptors in dairy cattle, particularly in mammary glands. We compared the distribution of SA receptors in the respiratory tract and mammary gland of dairy cattle naturally infected with HPAI H5N1. The respiratory and mammary glands of HPAI H5N1-infected dairy cattle are rich in SA, particularly avian influenza virus-specific SA α2,3-gal. Mammary gland tissues co-stained with sialic acids and influenza A virus nucleoprotein showed predominant co-localization with the virus and SA α2,3-gal. HPAI H5N1 exhibited epitheliotropism within the mammary gland, and we observed rare immunolabeling within macrophages.


Asunto(s)
Subtipo H5N1 del Virus de la Influenza A , Glándulas Mamarias Animales , Infecciones por Orthomyxoviridae , Receptores de Superficie Celular , Animales , Bovinos , Glándulas Mamarias Animales/virología , Femenino , Subtipo H5N1 del Virus de la Influenza A/patogenicidad , Subtipo H5N1 del Virus de la Influenza A/genética , Infecciones por Orthomyxoviridae/virología , Infecciones por Orthomyxoviridae/veterinaria , Receptores de Superficie Celular/metabolismo , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/virología , Industria Lechera , Ácido N-Acetilneuramínico/metabolismo , Receptores Virales/metabolismo , Gripe Aviar/virología
2.
Virology ; 552: 43-51, 2021 01 02.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33059319

RESUMEN

This study focused on intestinal restitution including phenotype switching of absorptive enterocytes and the abundance of different enterocyte subtypes in weaned pigs after porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection. At 10 days post-PEDV-inoculation, the ratio of villus height to crypt depth in both jejunum and ileum had restored, and the PEDV antigen was not detectable. However, enterocytes at the villus tips revealed epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in the jejunum in which E-cadherin expression decreased while expression of N-cadherin, vimentin, and Snail increased. Additionally, there was reduced expression of actin in microvilli and Zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in tight junctions. Moreover, the protein concentration of transforming growth factor ß1 (TGFß1), which mediates EMT and cytoskeleton alteration, was increased. We also found a decreased number of Peyer's patch M cells in the ileum. These results reveal incomplete restitution of enterocytes in the jejunum and potentially impaired immune surveillance in the ileum after PEDV infection.


Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Coronavirus/veterinaria , Enterocitos/patología , Transición Epitelial-Mesenquimal , Gastroenteritis Porcina Transmisible/patología , Ganglios Linfáticos Agregados/patología , Virus de la Diarrea Epidémica Porcina/patogenicidad , Animales , Cadherinas/metabolismo , Infecciones por Coronavirus/inmunología , Infecciones por Coronavirus/patología , Infecciones por Coronavirus/virología , Gastroenteritis Porcina Transmisible/inmunología , Gastroenteritis Porcina Transmisible/virología , Íleon/inmunología , Íleon/patología , Mucosa Intestinal/patología , Yeyuno/inmunología , Yeyuno/patología , Microvellosidades/patología , Porcinos , Uniones Estrechas/patología , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta1/metabolismo , Destete
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