Numerical investigation of photonic microwave generation in an optically pumped spin-VCSEL subject to optical feedback.

Photonic microwave generation based on period-one (P1) dynamics of an optically pumped spin-polarized vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (spin-VCSEL) is investigated numerically. Here, the frequency tunability of the photonic microwave generated from a free-running spin-VCSEL is demonstrated. The results show that the frequency of the photonic microwave signals can be widely tuned (from several gigahertz to hundreds of gigahertz) by changing the birefringence. Furthermore, the frequency of the photonic microwave can be modestly adjusted by introducing an axial magnetic field, although it degrades the microwave linewidth in the edge of Hopf bifurcation. To improve the quality of the photonic microwave, an optical feedback technique is employed in a spin-VCSEL. Under the scenario of single-loop feedback, the microwave linewidth is decreased by enhancing the feedback strength and/or delay time, whereas the phase noise oscillation increases with the increase of the feedback delay time. By adding the dual-loop feedback, the Vernier effect can effectively suppress the side peaks around the central frequency of P1, and simultaneously supports P1 linewidth narrowing and phase noise minimization at long times.

Phase stability diagram, self-similar structures, and multistability in a free-running VCSEL with a small misalignment between the phase and amplitude anisotropies.

We report on the global dynamics of a free-running vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) with misalignment between the linear phase and amplitude anisotropies due to the fact that this case might occur in practice caused unintentionally by minor manufacturing variations or design, in virtue of high-resolution phase stability diagrams, where two kinds of self-similar structures are revealed. Of interest is that the Arnold tongue cascades covered by multiple distinct periodicities are discovered for the first time in several scenarios specified in the free-running VCSEL, to the best of our knowledge. Additionally, we also uncover the existence of multistability through the basin of the attraction, as well as the eyes of anti-chaos and periodicity characterized by fractal. The findings may shed new light on interesting polarization dynamics of VCSELs, and also open the possibility to detect the above-mentioned structures experimentally and develop some potential applications.

Non-quantum chiral structure in a free-running VCSEL.

We report on the occurrence of a non-quantum chiral structure in a free-running vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) with a small misalignment between birefringence and dichroism. Through high-resolution phase diagrams, we show how oscillations evolve in parameter space for different values of the misalignment. Unlike a previously reported non-quantum chiral dynamic system involving closed rings in parameter space, this work manifests another case, i.e., the chiral structure exists in some open parameter spaces. Furthermore, the possible underlying physical mechanism of the emergence of the structures is offered through bifurcation analysis.

Chimera states in a large laterally coupled laser array with four different waveguide structures.

Chimera states are rich and fascinating phenomena existing in many networks, where the identical oscillators self-organize into spatially separated coexisting domains of coherent and incoherent oscillations. Here, we report these states in the large laterally coupled laser array with four different waveguiding structures, with which a variety of chimera patterns can be revealed. We present the bifurcation diagrams giving birth to them and find that the chimeras exist in the boundary of the steady state and multi-period oscillation solutions, which applies to all the prevalent waveguiding structures considered. We also find that the waveguiding structures play an important role in the chimera states, e.g., the array composed of the index antiguiding with gain-guiding has a wider chimera region compared to other waveguides considered. Additionally, the effects of the crucial parameters including the laser separation ratio, pump rate, frequency detuning, and linewidth enhancement factor on the observed phenomena are discussed. Our analysis shows that the frequency detuning between lasers and the linewidth enhancement factor affects the lifetime and pattern of chimeras. The results could guide the design of laser arrays or introduce more insight into a new understanding of the dynamical behaviors of networks.

Spatiotemporal chaos induces extreme events in a three-element laterally coupled laser array.

Extreme events are observed in the spatiotemporal chaos dynamics of a three-element laterally coupled laser array. With the help of statistical and dynamical analyses, we confirm that spatiotemporal chaos induces extreme pulses that are high enough to be identified as extreme events and cannot be found in synchronization chaos. Interestingly, our results show that extreme events always preferentially appear in the middle laser as the laser separation ratio is decreased (i.e., upon increasing the coupling strength), and then in the two outer lasers. This thus reveals the importance of the middle laser in the transition between synchronization chaos and spatiotemporal chaos states. Additionally, we show the evolution of extreme events in the plane of the pump level and laser separation ratio by calculating the corresponding proportion. Our results build a relation between extreme events and the spatiotemporal dynamics, which makes it easy to understand the formation mechanism of extreme events.

A novel non-equilibrium memristor-based system with multi-wing attractors and multiple transient transitions.

Based on the pure mathematical model of the memristor, this paper proposes a novel memristor-based chaotic system without equilibrium points. By selecting different parameters and initial conditions, the system shows extremely diverse forms of winglike attractors, such as period-1 to period-12 wings, chaotic single-wing, and chaotic double-wing attractors. It was found that the attractor basins with three different sets of parameters are interwoven in a complex manner within the relatively large (but not the entire) initial phase plane. This means that small perturbations in the initial conditions in the mixing region will lead to the production of hidden extreme multistability. At the same time, these sieve-shaped basins are confirmed by the uncertainty exponent. Additionally, in the case of fixed parameters, when different initial values are chosen, the system exhibits a variety of coexisting transient transition behaviors. These 14 were also where the same state transition from period 18 to period 18 was first discovered. The above dynamical behavior is analyzed in detail through time-domain waveforms, phase diagrams, attraction basin, bifurcation diagrams, and Lyapunov exponent spectrum . Finally, the circuit implementation based on the digital signal processor verifies the numerical simulation and theoretical analysis.

A New Image Encryption Algorithm Based on Composite Chaos and Hyperchaos Combined with DNA Coding.

In order to obtain chaos with a wider chaotic scope and better chaotic behavior, this paper combines the several existing one-dimensional chaos and forms a new one-dimensional chaotic map by using a modular operation which is named by LLS system and abbreviated as LLSS. To get a better encryption effect, a new image encryption method based on double chaos and DNA coding technology is proposed in this paper. A new one-dimensional chaotic map is combined with a hyperchaotic Qi system to encrypt by using DNA coding. The first stage involves three rounds of scrambling; a diffusion algorithm is applied to the plaintext image, and then the intermediate ciphertext image is partitioned. The final encrypted image is formed by using DNA operation. Experimental simulation and security analysis show that this algorithm increases the key space, has high sensitivity, and can resist several common attacks. At the same time, the algorithm in this paper can reduce the correlation between adjacent pixels, making it close to 0, and increase the information entropy, making it close to the ideal value and achieving a good encryption effect.