RESUMEN
Homeostatic maintenance of the physicochemical properties of cellular membranes is essential for life. In yeast, trehalose accumulation and lipid remodeling enable rapid adaptation to perturbations, but their crosstalk was not investigated. Here we report about the first in-depth, mass spectrometry-based lipidomic analysis on heat-stressed Schizosaccharomyces pombe mutants which are unable to synthesize (tps1Δ) or degrade (ntp1Δ) trehalose. Our experiments provide data about the role of trehalose as a membrane protectant in heat stress. We show that under conditions of trehalose deficiency, heat stress induced a comprehensive, distinctively high-degree lipidome reshaping in which structural, signaling and storage lipids acted in concert. In the absence of trehalose, membrane lipid remodeling was more pronounced and increased with increasing stress dose. It could be characterized by decreasing unsaturation and increasing acyl chain length, and required de novo synthesis of stearic acid (18:0) and very long-chain fatty acids to serve membrane rigidification. In addition, we detected enhanced and sustained signaling lipid generation to ensure transient cell cycle arrest as well as more intense triglyceride synthesis to accommodate membrane lipid-derived oleic acid (18:1) and newly synthesized but unused fatty acids. We also demonstrate that these changes were able to partially substitute for the missing role of trehalose and conferred measurable stress tolerance to fission yeast cells.
Asunto(s)
Glucosiltransferasas/genética , Lipidómica/métodos , Monoéster Fosfórico Hidrolasas/genética , Proteínas de Schizosaccharomyces pombe/genética , Schizosaccharomyces/crecimiento & desarrollo , Trehalosa/metabolismo , Glucosiltransferasas/metabolismo , Calor , Espectrometría de Masas , Mutación , Ácido Oléico/metabolismo , Monoéster Fosfórico Hidrolasas/metabolismo , Schizosaccharomyces/genética , Schizosaccharomyces/metabolismo , Proteínas de Schizosaccharomyces pombe/metabolismo , Triglicéridos/metabolismoRESUMEN
We investigated whether the elimination of two major enzymes responsible for triacylglycerol synthesis altered the structure and physical state of organelle membranes under mild heat shock conditions in the fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Our study revealed that key intracellular membrane structures, lipid droplets, vacuoles, the mitochondrial network, and the cortical endoplasmic reticulum were all affected in mutant fission yeast cells under mild heat shock but not under normal growth conditions. We also obtained direct evidence that triacylglycerol-deficient cells were less capable than wild-type cells of adjusting their membrane physical properties during thermal stress. The production of thermoprotective molecules, such as HSP16 and trehalose, was reduced in the mutant strain. These findings suggest that an intact system of triacylglycerol metabolism significantly contributes to membrane protection during heat stress.
Asunto(s)
Respuesta al Choque Térmico , Schizosaccharomyces , Triglicéridos , Schizosaccharomyces/metabolismo , Triglicéridos/metabolismo , Proteínas de Schizosaccharomyces pombe/metabolismo , Proteínas de Schizosaccharomyces pombe/genética , Trehalosa/metabolismo , Membrana Celular/metabolismo , Retículo Endoplásmico/metabolismo , Membranas Intracelulares/metabolismoRESUMEN
Cell membranes actively participate in stress sensing and signalling. Here we present the first in-depth lipidomic analysis to characterize alterations in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe in response to mild heat stress (HS). The lipidome was assessed by a simple one-step methanolic extraction. Genetic manipulations that altered triglyceride (TG) content in the absence or presence of HS gave rise to distinct lipidomic fingerprints for S. pombe. Cells unable to produce TG demonstrated long-lasting growth arrest and enhanced signalling lipid generation. Our results reveal that metabolic crosstalk between membrane and storage lipids facilitates homeostatic maintenance of the membrane physical/chemical state that resists negative effects on cell growth and viability in response to HS. We propose a novel stress adaptation mechanism in which heat-induced TG synthesis contributes to membrane rigidization by accommodating unsaturated fatty acids of structural lipids, enabling their replacement by newly synthesized saturated fatty acids.