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BACKGROUND: Previous studies have demonstrated the role of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation in various biological processes, our research is the first to elucidate its specific impact on LCAT mRNA stability and adipogenesis in poultry. RESULTS: The 6 100-day-old female chickens were categorized into high (n = 3) and low-fat chickens (n = 3) based on their abdominal fat ratios, and their abdominal fat tissues were processed for MeRIP-seq and RNA-seq. An integrated analysis of MeRIP-seq and RNA-seq omics data revealed 16 differentially expressed genes associated with to differential m6A modifications. Among them, ELOVL fatty acid elongase 2 (ELOVL2), pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4), fatty acid binding protein 9 (PMP2), fatty acid binding protein 1 (FABP1), lysosomal associated membrane protein 3 (LAMP3), lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) and solute carrier family 2 member 1 (SLC2A1) have ever been reported to be associated with adipogenesis. Interestingly, LCAT was down-regulated and expressed along with decreased levels of mRNA methylation methylation in the low-fat group. Mechanistically, the highly expressed ALKBH5 gene regulates LCAT RNA demethylation and affects LCAT mRNA stability. In addition, LCAT inhibits preadipocyte proliferation and promotes preadipocyte differentiation, and plays a key role in adipogenesis. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, ALKBH5 mediates RNA stability of LCAT through demethylation and affects chicken adipogenesis. This study provides a theoretical basis for further understanding of RNA methylation regulation in chicken adipogenesis.
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Adenosina , Adipogénesis , Desmetilasa de ARN, Homólogo 5 de AlkB , Pollos , Fosfatidilcolina-Esterol O-Aciltransferasa , Estabilidad del ARN , Animales , Adipogénesis/genética , Pollos/genética , Pollos/metabolismo , Fosfatidilcolina-Esterol O-Aciltransferasa/genética , Fosfatidilcolina-Esterol O-Aciltransferasa/metabolismo , Desmetilasa de ARN, Homólogo 5 de AlkB/metabolismo , Desmetilasa de ARN, Homólogo 5 de AlkB/genética , Femenino , Adenosina/análogos & derivados , Adenosina/metabolismo , ARN Mensajero/genética , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , MetilaciónRESUMEN
Disuse muscle atrophy is a disease caused by restricted activity, affecting human health and animal protein quality. While extensive research on its mechanism has been studied in mammals, comparatively little is known about this process in chickens, which are a significant source of protein for human consumption worldwide. Understanding the mechanisms underlying skeletal muscle atrophy in chickens is crucial for improving poultry health and productivity, as well as for developing strategies to mitigate muscle loss. In this study, two groups of chickens were subjected to limb immobilization for two and four weeks, respectively, in order to induce disuse muscle atrophy and uniformly sampled gastrocnemius muscle at the fourth week. A combined analysis of the transcriptome and metabolome was conducted to investigate the mechanisms of disuse-induced muscle atrophy. Through H&E staining and immunofluorescence, we found that, compared to slow-twitch muscle fibers, the fast-twitch muscle fibers showed a greater reduction in cross-sectional area in the immobilized leg, and were also the main driver of changes in cross-sectional area observed in the non-immobilized leg. Integrated analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) were mainly enriched in pathways related to energy metabolism, such as fatty acid metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), and glycolysis. These results provide important insights for further research on disuse muscle atrophy.
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Fibras Musculares de Contracción Rápida , Trastornos Musculares Atróficos , Humanos , Animales , Fibras Musculares de Contracción Rápida/metabolismo , Pollos/genética , Transcriptoma , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Trastornos Musculares Atróficos/metabolismo , Atrofia Muscular/metabolismo , Metaboloma , Mamíferos/genéticaRESUMEN
The immune cell inflammation response is closely related to the occurrence of disease, and much evidence has shown that circular RNAs (circRNAs) play vital roles in the occurrence of disease. However, the biological function and regulatory mechanisms of circRNAs in the immune cell inflammation response remain poorly understood. In this study, we constructed an inflammatory model using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated chicken macrophage lines (also known as HD11) to verify the function and mechanism of the novel circDCLRE1C (ID: gga_circ_0001674), which was significantly upregulated in spleen tissues infected by coccidia and the macrophage cells exposed to LPS. The results showed that circDCLRE1C aggravated LPS-induced inflammation and apoptosis in HD11 cells. Systemically, circDCLRE1C acted as a sponge for miR-214b-3p binding sites thereby regulating the expression of STAT3. The overexpression of miR-214b-3p rescued the pro-inflammatory effect of circDCLRE1C in HD11 cells stimulated with LPS, and rescued the high expression of STAT3. In conclusion, our study showed that circDCLRE1C could aggravate LPS-induced inflammation and apoptosis through competitive adsorption of miR-214b-3p, thereby increasing the expression of STAT3.
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Lipopolisacáridos , MicroARNs , Apoptosis/genética , Humanos , Inflamación/inducido químicamente , Inflamación/genética , Lipopolisacáridos/toxicidad , Macrófagos , MicroARNs/genética , ARN Circular/genética , Factor de Transcripción STAT3/genética , Transducción de SeñalRESUMEN
Obesity is a global epidemic health disorder and associated with several diseases. Body weight-reducing effects of melatonin have been reported; however, no investigation toward examining whether the beneficial effects of melatonin are associated with preadipocyte heterogeneity has been reported. In this study, we profiled 25 071 transcriptomes of normal and melatonin-treated preadipocytes using scRNA-seq. By tSNE analysis, we present a cellular-state landscape for melatonin-treated preadipocytes that covers multiple-cell subpopulations, defined as cluster 0 to cluster 13. Cluster 0 and cluster 1 were the largest components of normal and melatonin-treated preadipocytes, respectively. G0S2, an inhibitor of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), was significantly upregulated in cluster 0 and downregulated in cluster 1. We redefined cluster 0 as the G0S2-positive cluster (G0S2+ ) and cluster 1 as the G0S2-negative cluster (G0S2- ). Through pseudotime analysis, the G0S2- cluster cell differentiation trajectory was divided into three major structures, that is, the prebranch, the lipid catabolism branch, and the cell fate 2 branch. In vitro, G0S2 knockdown enhanced the expression levels of ATGL, BAT markers and fatty acid oxidation-related genes, but inhibited C/EBPα and PPARγ expression. In vivo, knockdown of G0S2 reduced the body weight gain in high-fat-fed mice. The beneficial effects of the G0S2- cell cluster in promoting lipolysis and inhibiting adipogenesis are dependent on two major aspects: first, downregulation of the G0S2 gene in the G0S2- cluster, resulting in activation of ATGL, which is responsible for the bulk of triacylglycerol hydrolase activity; and second, upregulation of FABP4 in the G0S2- cluster, resulting in inhibition of PPARγ and further reducing adipogenesis.
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Adipocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Adipogénesis/efectos de los fármacos , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Melatonina/farmacología , RNA-Seq , Análisis de la Célula Individual , Transcriptoma , Células 3T3-L1 , Adipocitos/metabolismo , Animales , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/genética , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/metabolismo , Linaje de la Célula , Pollos , Proteínas de Unión a Ácidos Grasos/genética , Proteínas de Unión a Ácidos Grasos/metabolismo , Regulación del Desarrollo de la Expresión Génica , Lipasa/genética , Lipasa/metabolismo , Metabolismo de los Lípidos/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , PPAR gamma/genética , PPAR gamma/metabolismoRESUMEN
Elevated atmospheric CO2 (eCO2) often increases soil N2O emissions, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. One hypothesis suggests that high N2O emissions may stem from increased denitrification induced by CO2 enhancement of plant carbon (C) allocation belowground. However, direct evidence illustrating linkages among N2O emissions, plant C allocation, and denitrifying microbes under eCO2 is still lacking. We examined the impact of eCO2 on plant C allocation to roots and their associated arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and its subsequent effects on N2O emissions and denitrifying microbes in the presence of two distinct N sources, ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) and nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N). Our results showed that the form of the N inputs dominated the effects of eCO2 on N2O emissions: eCO2 significantly increased N2O emissions with NO3--N inputs but had no effect with NH4+-N inputs. eCO2 increased plant biomass N more with NH4+-N than with NO3--N inputs, likely reducing microbial access to available N under NH4+-N inputs and/or contributing to higher N2O emissions under NO3--N inputs. eCO2 enhanced root and mycorrhizal N uptake and also increased N2O emissions under NO3--N inputs. Further, eCO2 enhancement of N2O emissions under NO3--N inputs concurred with a shift in the soil denitrifier community composition in favor of N2O-producing (nirK- and nirS-type) over N2O-consuming (nosZ-type) denitrifiers. Together, these results indicate that eCO2 stimulated N2O emissions mainly through altering plant N preference in favor of NH4+ over NO3- and thus stimulating soil denitrifiers and their activities. These findings suggest that effective management of N sources may mitigate N2O emissions by negating the eCO2 stimulation of soil denitrifying microbes and their activities.
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Dióxido de Carbono , Óxido Nitroso , Desnitrificación , Nitrógeno , Suelo , Microbiología del SueloRESUMEN
Nitrous oxide (N2O) in the atmosphere is a major greenhouse gas and reacts with volatile organic compounds to create ozone (an air pollutant) in the troposphere. Climate change factors such as warming and elevated ozone (eO3) affect N2O fluxes, but the direction and magnitude of these effects are uncertain and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We examined the impact of simulated warming (control + 3.6 °C) and eO3 (control + 45 ppb) on soil N2O fluxes in a soybean agroecosystem. Results obtained showed that warming significantly increased soil labile C, microbial biomass, and soil N mineralization, but eO3 reduced these parameters. Warming enhanced N2O-producing denitrifers ( nirS- and nirK-type), corresponding to increases in both the rate and sum of N2O emissions. In contrast, eO3 significantly reduced both N2O-producing and N2O-consuming ( nosZ-type) denitrifiers but had no impact on N2O emissions. Further, eO3 offsets the effects of warming on soil labile C, microbial biomass, and the population size of denitrifiers but still increased N2O emissions, indicating a direct effect of temperature on N2O emissions. Together, these findings suggest that warming may promote N2O production through increasing both the abundance and activities of N2O-producing microbes, positively feeding back to the ongoing climate change.
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Gases de Efecto Invernadero , Ozono , Óxido Nitroso , Suelo , Microbiología del SueloRESUMEN
A field experiment was conducted to provide a complete greenhouse gas (GHG) accounting for global warming potential (GWP), net GWP, and greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) from no-tillage (NT) paddy fields with different amounts of oilseed rape residue mulch (0, 3000, 4000, and 6000 kg dry matter (DM) ha(-1)) during a rice-growing season after 3 years of oilseed rape-rice cultivation. Residue mulching treatments showed significantly more organic carbon (C) density for the 0-20 cm soil layer at harvesting than no residue treatment. During a rice-growing season, residue mulching treatments sequestered significantly more organic C from 687 kg C ha(-1) season(-1) to 1654 kg C ha(-1) season(-1) than no residue treatment. Residue mulching significantly increased emissions of CO2 and N2O but decreased CH4 emissions. Residue mulching treatments significantly increased GWP by 9-30% but significantly decreased net GWP by 33-71% and GHGI by 35-72% relative to no residue treatment. These results suggest that agricultural economic viability and GHG mitigation can be achieved simultaneously by residue mulching on NT paddy fields in central China.
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Agricultura/métodos , Brassica napus , Calentamiento Global , Oryza/crecimiento & desarrollo , Suelo/química , Productos Agrícolas , Monitoreo del Ambiente , ReciclajeRESUMEN
Integrated rice-animal co-culture (IRAC) is an ecological agricultural system combining rice cultivation with animal farming, which holds significant implications for food security and agriculture sustainable development. However, the comprehensive impacts of the co-culture on rice yield, nitrogen (N) losses, and N fertilizer partial factor productivity (NPFP) remain elusive and may vary under different environmental conditions and N management. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis of data from various IRAC systems on a global scale, including 371, 298, and 115 sets of data for rice yield, NPFP, and N losses, respectively. The results showed that IRAC could significantly increase rice yield (by 3.47 %) and NPFP (by 4.26 %), and reduce N2O emissions (by 16.69 %), NH3 volatilization (by 11.03 %), N runoff (by 17.72 %), and N leaching (by 19.10 %). Furthermore, there were significant differences in rice yield, NPFP, and N loss among different IRAC systems, which may be ascribed to variations in regional climate, soil variables, and N fertilizer management practices. The effect sizes of rice yield and NPFP were notably correlated with the rate and frequency of N application and the soil clay content. Moreover, a higher amount of precipitation corresponded to a larger effect size on rice NPFP. N2O emissions were closely associated with mean annual air temperature, annual precipitation, N application frequency, soil pH level, soil organic matter content, soil clay content, and soil bulk density. However, NH3 volatilization, N runoff, and N leaching exhibited no correlation with either the environmental conditions or the N management. Multivariate regression analysis further demonstrated that the soil clay content and N application rate are pivotal in predicting the effect sizes of rice yield, NPFP, and N2O emissions under IRAC. Specifically, IRAC with a low N application rate in soils with a high clay content could augment the effect size to increase rice NPFP and yield and reduce N2O emissions. In conclusion, IRAC offers a potent strategy to optimize rice yield and NPFP as well as mitigate N losses.
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Nitrógeno , Oryza , Animales , Nitrógeno/análisis , Fertilizantes/análisis , Arcilla , Técnicas de Cocultivo , Óxido Nitroso/análisis , Suelo/química , Agricultura/métodosRESUMEN
Qinting Lake Park has effectively imported Rhododendron varieties from Zhejiang Province. The analytic hierarchy process was employed to devise an evaluation framework to evaluate the ornamental and adaptive features of these species. Subsequently, we conducted a standardized evaluation of 24 species for their ornamental and adaptive traits under controlled cultivation conditions. The findings indicated that the percentage of ornamental flowers in the first-level index was significantly greater than the other two factors, indicating that the ornamental value of flowers was the most important in the evaluation of Rhododendron ornamental value. Among the secondary indicators, the proportion of flower color and flower weight was significantly higher than that of other factors, which had the greatest impact on the evaluation results. The 24 Rhododendron species were classified into two grades based on their ornamental value, as determined by index weights and scoring standards. Rhododendron 'Xueqing', Rhododendron 'Big Qinglian', and Rhododendron 'Jinyang No. 9' exhibited superior ornamental value and demonstrated more favorable suitability for garden applications.
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Global potent greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from soil are accelerating, with increases in the proportion of reactive nitrogen emitted as N2O, i.e., N2O emission factor (EF). Yet, the primary controls and underlying mechanisms of EFs remain unresolved. Based on two independent but complementary global syntheses, and three field studies determining effects of acidity on N2O EFs and soil denitrifying microorganisms, we show that soil pH predominantly controls N2O EFs and emissions by affecting the denitrifier community composition. Analysis of 5438 paired data points of N2O emission fluxes revealed a hump-shaped relationship between soil pH and EFs, with the highest EFs occurring in moderately acidic soils that favored N2O-producing over N2O-consuming microorganisms, and induced high N2O emissions. Our results illustrate that soil pH has a unimodal relationship with soil denitrifiers and EFs, and the net N2O emission depends on both the N2O/(N2O + N2) ratio and overall denitrification rate. These findings can inform strategies to predict and mitigate soil N2O emissions under future nitrogen input scenarios.
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Agricultura , Suelo , Suelo/química , Óxido Nitroso/análisis , Fertilizantes/análisis , Nitrógeno , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Microbiología del Suelo , DesnitrificaciónRESUMEN
Integrated rice-crayfish farming system (RCS) has become increasingly popular in China. However, previous research has largely ignored the effect of trench around the paddy field on GHG emissions, which may cause inaccurate estimation of the global warming potential (GWP) from the system. This study compared the GWP between rice monoculture (RM) and RCS. The results indicated that the field of RCS had significantly lower CH4 emissions compared with RM due to lower mcrA abundance and higher pmoA abundance, while there was no difference in N2O emissions. In addition, the trench resulted in remarkably more CH4 emissions due to higher mcrA abundance and lower pmoA abundance and less N2O emissions than the field in RCS. In general, RCS seems not to mitigate GWP compared with RM due to more CH4 emissions from the trench in the current mode. Furthermore, our results indicate that RCS can reduce GWP relative to RM only when the area ratio of the trench to the system is controlled to be lower than 13.9 %.
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Calentamiento Global , Oryza , Animales , Astacoidea , Suelo , Estaciones del Año , Metano/análisis , Óxido Nitroso/análisis , Agricultura/métodos , ChinaRESUMEN
Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) can convert tiny mechanical energy into precious electrical energy. Constant improvements to the output performance of TENG is not only the driving force for its sustainable development, but also the key to expand its practical applicability in modern smart devices. However, most previous studies were conducted at room temperature, ignoring the influence of temperature on the output performance of TENG. Additionally, due to thermionic emission effect, the electrons transferred to a dielectric surface can be released into a vacuum after contact electrification. Therefore, TENG cannot maintain an effective electrical output under high-temperature conditions. Here, a series of high-temperature operatable flexible TENGs (HO-TENGs) based on nanofiber/microsphere hybrid membranes (FSHMs) was fabricated by electrospinning and electrospraying. The Voc of HO-TENG is 212 V, which is 2.33 times higher than that of control TENG. After 10,000 cycle stability tests, the HO-TENG shows excellent durability. Especially, this HO-TENG can maintain 77% electrical output at 70 °C compared to room temperature, showing excellent high-temperature operability. This study can not only provide a reference for the construction of advanced high-performance TENG, but also provide a certain experimental basis for efficient collection of mechanical energy in high-temperature environment and promote the application of TENG devices in harsh environments.
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Yellow-feather broilers take a large portion of poultry industry in China due to its meat characteristics. Improving the growth traits of yellow-feathered broilers will have great significance for the Chinese poultry market. The current study was designed to investigate the potential genetic factors using the weighted single-step genome-wide association study (wssGWAS) method, which takes consideration of more factors including pedigree, sex, environment and has more accuracy than traditional GWAS. The yellow-feather dwarf chickens from Wens Nanfang Poultry Breeding Co. Ltd. were revolved to recode 9 growth traits: Average daily gain (ADG), body weight (BW) at 45 d, 49 d, 56 d, 63 d, 70 d, 77 d, 84 d, 91 d for analysis. For the results, the region 4.63 to 5.03 Mb on chromosome 15, which was the QTL overlapped in BW45, BW49, BW56, BW63, BW84, might be the crucial genetic region for growth traits. Seven GO terms and 3 KEGG pathways, GO:0005200, GO:0005882, GO:0045111, GO:0099513, GO:0099081, GO:0099512, GO:0099080, KEGG:gga04020, KEGG:gga04540, KEGG:gga04210, were detected to relevant with growth traits. The genes enriched in these biological processes (NRAS, TUBB1, ADORA2B, NTRK3, NGF, TNNC2, F-KER, LOC429492, LOC431325, LOC431324, LOC396480) might have the function in growth of yellow-feather broilers.
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Introduction: Excessive fat deposition in chickens can lead to reduced feed utilization and meat quality, resulting in significant economic losses for the broiler industry. Therefore, reducing fat deposition has become an important breeding objective in addition to achieving high broiler weight, growth rate, and feed conversion efficiency. In our previous studies, we observed high expression of Regulators of G Protein Signaling 16 Gene (RGS16) in high-fat individuals. This led us to speculate that RGS16 might be involved in the process of fat deposition in chickens. Methods: Thus, we conducted a polymorphism and functional analysis of the RGS16 gene to investigate its association with fat-related phenotypic traits in chickens. Using a mixed linear model (MLM), this study explored the relationship between RGS16 gene polymorphisms and fat-related traits for the first time. We identified 30 SNPs of RGS16 in a population of Wens Sanhuang chickens, among which 8 SNPs were significantly associated with fat-related traits, including sebum thickness (ST), abdominal fat weight (AFW), and abdominal fat weight (AFR). Furthermore, our findings demonstrated that AFW, AFR, and ST showed significant associations with at least two or more out of the eight identified SNPs of RGS16. We also validated the role of RGS16 in ICP-1 cells through various experimental methods, including RT-qPCR, CCK- 8, EdU assays, and oil red O staining. Results: Our functional validation experiments showed that RGS16 was highly expressed in the abdominal adipose tissue of high-fat chickens and played a critical role in the regulation of fat deposition by promoting preadipocyte differentiation and inhibiting their proliferation. Taken together, our findings suggest that RGS16 polymorphisms are associated with fat-related traits in chickens. Moreover, the ectopic expression of RGS16 could inhibit preadipocyte proliferation but promote preadipocyte differentiation. Discussion: Based on our current findings, we propose that the RGS16 gene could serve as a powerful genetic marker for marker-assisted breeding of chicken fat-related traits.
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Coccidiosis stands as a protozoan disease of notable economic impact, characterized by an intracellular parasite that exerts substantial influence over poultry production. This invasion disrupts the integrity of the enteric mucosa, leading to the emergence of severe lesions and diminishing the efficiency of feed utilization in chickens. MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, non-coding RNA molecules with approximately 21-24 nucleotides long in size that play essential roles in various infectious diseases and inflammatory responses. However, the miRNA's expression patterns and roles in the context of Eimeria maxima infection of chicken intestines remain unclear. miRNA sequencing was employed to assess the miRNA expression profile in chicken jejunum during E. maxima infection. In this study, we analyzed miRNA expression profiles related to the host's immune response in the chicken jejunum during E. maxima infection. At 4 days infection and control (J4I versus J4C), 21 differentially expressed miRNAs in the jejunum were identified, comprising 9 upregulated and 12 downregulated miRNAs. Furthermore, in the jejunum, at 7 days infection and control (J7I versus J7C) groups, a total of 35 significantly differentially expressed miRNAs were observed, with 13 upregulated and 22 downregulated miRNAs. The regulatory networks were constructed between differentially expressed miRNA and mRNAs to offer insight into the interaction mechanisms between chickens and E. maxima coccidian infection. Furthermore, within the comparison group, we obtained 946, 897, and 281 GO terms that exhibited significant enrichment associated with host immunity in the following scenarios, J4I vs. J4C, J7I vs. J7C, and J4I vs. J7I, respectively. The KEGG pathway analysis indicated notable enrichment of differentially expressed miRNAs in the jejunum, particularly in J4I vs. J4C; enriched pathways included metabolic pathways, endocytosis, MAPK signaling pathway, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. Moreover, in J7I vs. J7C, the KEGG pathway was significantly enriched, including metabolic pathways, protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, and FoxO signaling pathway. A comprehensive understanding of the host genetic basis of resistance with a combination of time-dependent infection to the Eimeria parasite is crucial for pinpointing resistance biomarkers for poultry production.
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Eimeria , MicroARNs , Animales , Eimeria/fisiología , Pollos/genética , Yeyuno , Citocinas , MicroARNs/genéticaRESUMEN
Yellow-feathered chickens have great nutritional value and are widely and traditionally used in China, on an industrial scale as broilers. The presence of intestinal microbes has been shown to correlate with poultry performance and serves as an essential reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Antibiotic resistance is a major public health concern. Here, we investigated functional characteristics of the gut microbiome of indigenous Chinese yellow-feathered chickens (the Huiyang Bearded, Xinghua, Huaixiang, Zhongshan Shanlan, Qingyuan Partridge, and Yangshan chickens) through metagenomic sequencing and reconstructed 409 draft genomes, including 60 novel species and 6 novel genera. Furthermore, we assessed the functions of the intestinal microbial communities and examined the ARGs within them. The results showed that the microbial populations of yellow-feathered broilers were primarily dominated by Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes at the phylum level and Bacteroides at the genus level. Furthermore, the Qingyuan Partridge chicken showed a significantly higher abundance of Prevotella than the other five breeds of chicken. Principal coordinates analysis indicated significant differences in the structures of microbial communities and ARGs, based on the binary Jaccard distance, among the six chicken breeds. Moreover, 989 ARGs conferring tetracycline, multidrug, and aminoglycoside resistance were identified, which represented more than 80% of the faecal resistomes; the most abundant gene in the yellow-feathered chickens was tet(Q). In addition, we found the greatest abundance of resistance genes in Xinghua chickens, indicating that Xinghua chickens are highly resistant to antibiotics. Overall, our findings revealed differences in the gut microbial community structure of indigenous Chinese yellow-feathered broiler breeds and the composition and characteristics of ARGs and antibiotic resistance that enabled us to reconstruct the yellow-feathered chicken gut microbial community genomes. The current data significantly improves our knowledge of the gut microbiome and antibiotic resistance of popular broiler breeds in China.
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Few studies have comprehensively evaluated the impacts of microbial decomposing inoculants on greenhouse gas emissions and economic profit from paddy fields under different water regimes. Here, this study evaluated the effects of microbial decomposing inoculant treatments (straw returning without or with microbial decomposing inoculants (S and SMD)) on rice yield, CH4 and N2O emissions, economic profit and net ecosystem economic profit (NEEP) from paddy fields under different water regimes (continuous flooding (CF) and alternate wetting and drying irrigation (AWD)) in central China with a two-year field experiment. Compared with S treatment, SMD treatment significantly increased the rice yield and crop water productivity by 6.6-7.2% and 5.6-7.9%, respectively. AWD treatment significantly enhanced the crop water productivity by 56.9-73.7% while did not affect rice yield relative to CF treatment. Regardless of water regimes, SMD treatment did not affect N2O emissions, but significantly increased CH4 emissions by 13.8-39.6% relative to S treatment, resulting in a remarkable enhancement of global warming potential by 13.5-32.5%. Compared with S treatment, SMD treatment improved the economic profit and NEEP. By contrast, AWD treatment significantly increased N2O emissions by 19.1-64.8% compared with CF treatment, but significantly reduced CH4 emissions by 35.3-79.1%. Accordingly, AWD treatment significantly decreased the global warming potential by 33.4-73.9% compared with CF treatment. In addition, AWD treatment resulted in 39.9-96.4% higher economic profit and 48.0-124.4% higher NEEP relative to CF treatment. In summary, AWD treatment is a sustainable water regime that can maintain rice yield, mitigate global warming potential, and increase economic income. However, regardless of water regimes, SMD treatment led to higher rice yield and economic profit, as well as higher global warming potential than S treatment, suggesting that other appropriate treatments of crop straw are needed to mitigate CH4 emissions while improving economic profit for rice sustainable production.
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Inoculantes Agrícolas , Gases de Efecto Invernadero , Oryza , Agricultura , China , Ecosistema , Metano/análisis , Óxido Nitroso/análisis , Suelo , AguaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Livestock and poultry skeletal muscle development was regulated by a variety of genetic factors playing an essential role in this process. In our de novo sequencing, a missense mutation in ISPD exon 2 showed a selected signature for well-developed muscles. However, the relationship between this mutation and muscle phenotypes remains unclear. RESULTS: Based on the genotype bias of this missense mutation in gamecock chickens, we compared the cross-section of muscle fibers among the individuals with different genotypes with the results showing a genotype preference of this missense mutation in the chickens with hypertrophic muscle fibers. Comparing TT- and CC-genotype ISPD showed that TT- genotype was associated with heavier skeletal muscle and a better effect on myogenesis and myofiber stability. At cellular level, ISPD was identified to inhibit myoblast proliferation, differentiation and antagonize of muscular atrophy. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that the missense mutation of Arg84Lys in ISPD was associated with well-developed muscles and demonstrated to improve chicken muscles' development.
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Pollos , Mutación Missense , Animales , Pollos/genética , Fibras Musculares Esqueléticas/fisiología , Músculo Esquelético , Desarrollo de MúsculosRESUMEN
Bracts are the metamorphic non-flower organ in angiosperm plants. The variation of the color and shape of bracts was found to be neo-functionalized (i.e., similar to petals), garnering research interest as a pollinator attractor. Bougainvillea is known for its specialized, large, and colorful bracts, which contrast with its tiny colorless flowers. As a plant whose bracts vary greatly in terms of coloration, the molecular mechanisms for Bougainvillea bract coloration and polychroism are largely unknown. The lack of genomic information for Bougainvillea largely hinders studies into the evolution and genetic basis of bract color variation. In this study, a pan-transcriptome of bracts obtained from 18 Bougainvillea glabra accessions was employed to investigate the global population-level germplasm kinship and the gene regulation network for bract color variation. Our results showed that the bracts of B. glabra accessions have largely differentiated International Commission on Illumination (CIE) L-a-b values. Moreover, germplasm kinship detected using principal component analysis, phylogeny, and admixture analysis showed three optimal subgroups, two of them distinctly clustered, which were not directly correlated with bract color variation at the population level. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between accessions of high vs. low L-a-b values revealed several considerable upregulated genes related to bract color L-a-b variation. A weighted gene co-expression network was constructed, and eight co-expressed regulation modules were identified that were highly correlated with variation in bract CIE L-a-b color values. Several candidate DEGs and co-expressed hub genes (e.g., GERD, SGR, ABCA3, GST, CYP76AD1, CYP76C, and JAZ) that were tightly associated with bract color variation were eventually determined responsible for L-a-b colorations, which might be the core regulation factors contributing to the B. glabra bract color variation. This study provides valuable insights into the research on germplasm kinship, population-level pan-transcriptome expression profiles, and the molecular basis of color variation of key innovative bracts in horticultural Bougainvillea.
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Coccidiosis is an economically significant protozoan disease and an intracellular parasite that significantly impacts poultry production. The gastrointestinal tract microbiota plays a central role in host health and metabolism, and these microbes enhance chickens' immune systems and nutrient absorption. In this study, we analyzed the abundance and diversity of microbiota of the jejunum and cecum of a dual-purpose indigenous Horro chicken following Eimeria maxima infection. We compared microbial abundance, composition, and diversity at the 4- and 7- days post-infection using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We obtained, on average, 147,742 and 132,986 high-quality sequences per sample for jejunum and cecum content, respectively. Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Campilobacterota and Bacteroidota were the major microbial phylum detected in the jejunum content. Firmicutes were the dominant phylum for 4- and 7-days jejunum control groups accounting for (>60% of the sequences). In the infected group Campilobacterota was the dominant phylum in the jejunum (> 24% of sequences) at 4-and 7-days post-infection groups, while Proteobacteria was predominant at 4- and 7-days post-infection of the cecum (> 40% of the sequences). The microbial genus Lactobacillus and Helicobacter were found in the jejunum, while Alistipes, Barnesiella and Faecalibacterium were detected in the cecum. In the jejunum, Helicobacter was dominant at 4 -and-7 days post-infection (≥24%), and Lactobacillus was dominant at 4 -and 7- days in the control group (> 50%). In 4- and 7-days post-infection, Alistipes genus was the more prevalent (> 38%) in the cecum. Thus, clear differences were observed in the bacterial microbiota distribution and abundance between the jejunum and cecum, as well as between infected and control groups for both tissues. The results indicate that chicken intestinal microbial imbalance (dysbiosis) is associated with Eimeria parasite infection and will likely affect the host-microbial non-pathogenic and pathogenic molecular interactions.