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1.
Neurosurg Focus ; 57(3): E3, 2024 09 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39217630

RESUMEN

Essential tremor (ET) is the most common movement disorder globally and has negative impacts on quality of life. While medical treatments exist, approximately 50% of patients have tremor that is refractory to medication or experience intolerable medication side effects. Magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) thalamotomy is an option for these patients and while incisionless, it is still invasive, although less so than other surgical treatments such as deep brain stimulation and radiofrequency thalamotomy. Despite MRgFUS being FDA-approved since 2016, there is still no current consensus on the best approaches for targeting, imaging, and outcome measurement. A 2-day workshop held by the Focused Ultrasound Foundation in September of 2023 convened experts and critical stakeholders in the field to share their knowledge and experiences. The goals of the workshop were to determine the optimal target location within the thalamus and compare best practices for localizing the target and tracking patient outcomes. This paper summarizes the current landscape, important questions, and discussions that will help direct future treatments to improve patient care and outcomes.


Asunto(s)
Temblor Esencial , Tálamo , Temblor Esencial/cirugía , Temblor Esencial/diagnóstico por imagen , Temblor Esencial/terapia , Humanos , Tálamo/cirugía , Tálamo/diagnóstico por imagen , Ultrasonido Enfocado de Alta Intensidad de Ablación/métodos , Encéfalo/cirugía , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos
2.
Radiology ; 307(2): e221425, 2023 04.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36749211

RESUMEN

Background Cortical multiple sclerosis lesions are clinically relevant but inconspicuous at conventional clinical MRI. Double inversion recovery (DIR) and phase-sensitive inversion recovery (PSIR) are more sensitive but often unavailable. In the past 2 years, artificial intelligence (AI) was used to generate DIR and PSIR from standard clinical sequences (eg, T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery sequences), but multicenter validation is crucial for further implementation. Purpose To evaluate cortical and juxtacortical multiple sclerosis lesion detection for diagnostic and disease monitoring purposes on AI-generated DIR and PSIR images compared with MRI-acquired DIR and PSIR images in a multicenter setting. Materials and Methods Generative adversarial networks were used to generate AI-based DIR (n = 50) and PSIR (n = 43) images. The number of detected lesions between AI-generated images and MRI-acquired (reference) images was compared by randomized blinded scoring by seven readers (all with >10 years of experience in lesion assessment). Reliability was expressed as the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Differences in lesion subtype were determined using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Results MRI scans of 202 patients with multiple sclerosis (mean age, 46 years ± 11 [SD]; 127 women) were retrospectively collected from seven centers (February 2020 to January 2021). In total, 1154 lesions were detected on AI-generated DIR images versus 855 on MRI-acquired DIR images (mean difference per reader, 35.0% ± 22.8; P < .001). On AI-generated PSIR images, 803 lesions were detected versus 814 on MRI-acquired PSIR images (98.9% ± 19.4; P = .87). Reliability was good for both DIR (ICC, 0.81) and PSIR (ICC, 0.75) across centers. Regionally, more juxtacortical lesions were detected on AI-generated DIR images than on MRI-acquired DIR images (495 [42.9%] vs 338 [39.5%]; P < .001). On AI-generated PSIR images, fewer juxtacortical lesions were detected than on MRI-acquired PSIR images (232 [28.9%] vs 282 [34.6%]; P = .02). Conclusion Artificial intelligence-generated double inversion-recovery and phase-sensitive inversion-recovery images performed well compared with their MRI-acquired counterparts and can be considered reliable in a multicenter setting, with good between-reader and between-center interpretative agreement. Published under a CC BY 4.0 license. Supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorial by Zivadinov and Dwyer in this issue.


Asunto(s)
Esclerosis Múltiple , Humanos , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Esclerosis Múltiple/diagnóstico por imagen , Esclerosis Múltiple/patología , Inteligencia Artificial , Estudios Retrospectivos , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos
3.
Mult Scler ; 29(2): 206-211, 2023 02.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36448331

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Cognitive decline is inadequately captured by the standard neurological examination. Serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (sGFAP) are biomarkers of neuronal damage and astrocytic reactivity that may offer an accessible measure of the multiple sclerosis (MS) pathology linked to cognitive decline. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association of sNfL and sGFAP with cognitive decline in MS patients at high risk for progressive pathology. METHODS: We included 94 MS patients with sustained Expanded Disability Status Score (EDSS) ⩾ 3, available serum samples and cognitive assessment performed by symbol digit modalities test (SDMT) over a median of 3.1 years. The visit for sGFAP/sNfL quantification was at confirmed EDSS ⩾ 3. Linear regression analysis on log-transformed sGFAP/sNfL assessed the association with current and future SDMT. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, EDSS, treatment group, and recent relapse. RESULTS: sNfL was significantly associated with concurrent SDMT (adjusted change in mean SDMT = -4.5; 95% confidence interval (CI): -8.7, -0.2; p = 0.039) and predicted decline in SDMT (adjusted change in slope: -1.14; 95% CI: -1.83, -0.44; p = 0.001), particularly in active patients. sGFAP was not associated with concurrent or future SDMT. CONCLUSIONS: Higher levels of sNfL were associated with cognitive impairment and predicted cognitive decline in MS patients at high risk for having an underlying progressive pathology.


Asunto(s)
Disfunción Cognitiva , Esclerosis Múltiple Crónica Progresiva , Esclerosis Múltiple , Humanos , Esclerosis Múltiple/patología , Proteína Ácida Fibrilar de la Glía , Esclerosis Múltiple Crónica Progresiva/complicaciones , Neuronas/patología , Disfunción Cognitiva/etiología , Disfunción Cognitiva/complicaciones , Proteínas de Neurofilamentos , Biomarcadores
4.
Eur Radiol ; 33(5): 3693-3703, 2023 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36719493

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: Accurate pre-treatment imaging determination of extranodal extension (ENE) could facilitate the selection of appropriate initial therapy for HPV-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPV + OPSCC). Small studies have associated 7 CT features with ENE with varied results and agreement. This article seeks to determine the replicable diagnostic performance of these CT features for ENE. METHODS: Five expert academic head/neck neuroradiologists from 5 institutions evaluate a single academic cancer center cohort of 75 consecutive HPV + OPSCC patients. In a web-based virtual laboratory for imaging research and education, the experts performed training on 7 published CT features associated with ENE and then independently identified the "single most (if any) suspicious" lymph node and presence/absence of each of the features. Inter-rater agreement was assessed using percentage agreement, Gwet's AC1, and Fleiss' kappa. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were calculated for each CT feature based on histologic ENE. RESULTS: All 5 raters identified the same node in 52 cases (69%). In 15 cases (20%), at least one rater selected a node and at least one rater did not. In 8 cases (11%), all raters selected a node, but at least one rater selected a different node. Percentage agreement and Gwet's AC1 coefficients were > 0.80 for lesion identification, matted/conglomerated nodes, and central necrosis. Fleiss' kappa was always < 0.6. CT sensitivity for histologically confirmed ENE ranged 0.18-0.94, specificity 0.41-0.88, PPV 0.26-0.36, and NPV 0.78-0.96. CONCLUSIONS: Previously described CT features appear to have poor reproducibility among expert head/neck neuroradiologists and poor predictive value for histologic ENE. KEY POINTS: • Previously described CT imaging features appear to have poor reproducibility among expert head and neck subspecialized neuroradiologists as well as poor predictive value for histologic ENE. • Although it may still be appropriate to comment on the presence or absence of these CT features in imaging reports, the evidence indicates that caution is warranted when incorporating these features into clinical decision-making regarding the likelihood of ENE.


Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello , Neoplasias Orofaríngeas , Infecciones por Papillomavirus , Humanos , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeza y Cuello/patología , Neoplasias Orofaríngeas/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Orofaríngeas/patología , Extensión Extranodal , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/complicaciones , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/métodos , Ganglios Linfáticos/patología , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/patología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Estadificación de Neoplasias
5.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35953266

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: Older age at multiple sclerosis (MS) onset has been associated with worse 10-year outcomes. However, disease duration often exceeds 10 years and age-related comorbidities may also contribute to disability. We investigated patients with>10 years disease duration to determine how age at MS onset is associated with clinical, MRI and occupational outcomes at age 50. METHODS: We included patients enrolled in the Comprehensive Longitudinal Investigation of Multiple Sclerosis at the Brigham and Women's Hospital with disease duration>10 years. Outcomes at age 50 included the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), development of secondary-progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS), brain T2-lesion volume (T2LV) and brain parenchymal fraction (BPF), and occupational status. We assessed how onset age was independently associated with each outcome when adjusting for the date of visit closest to age 50, sex, time to first treatment, number of treatments by age 50 and exposure to high-efficacy treatments by age 50. RESULTS: We included 661 patients with median onset at 31.4 years. The outcomes at age 50 were worse the younger first symptoms developed: for every 5 years earlier, the EDSS was 0.22 points worse (95% CI: 0.04 to 0.40; p=0.015), odds of SPMS 1.33 times higher (95% CI: 1.08 to 1.64; p=0.008), T2LV 1.86 mL higher (95% CI: 1.02 to 2.70; p<0.001), BPF 0.97% worse (95% CI: 0.52 to 1.42; p<0.001) and odds of unemployment from MS 1.24 times higher (95% CI: 1.01 to 1.53; p=0.037). CONCLUSIONS: All outcomes at age 50 were worse in patients with younger age at onset. Decisions to provide high-efficacy treatments should consider younger age at onset, equating to a longer expected disease duration, as a poor prognostic factor.

6.
J Neuroradiol ; 48(3): 170-175, 2021 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30981824

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To determine the precise incidence of lesions at sites of high Aquaporin-4 expression (hAQP4) and their possible association with known neuromyelitis optica spectrum disease (NMOSD) lesions patterns. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis of brain and, when available, spinal cord MRI scans of 54 NMOSD patients recruited among the French NMOSD cohort was performed. Brain lesions were annotated as MS-like, non-specific, or evocative of NMOSD. The topography of hAQP4 was reassessed by human brain atlas. The incidence of lesions in hAQP4 and their association with lesions evocative of NMOSD was estimated. RESULTS: Among those included (41/54 female, mean age: 45 years) 47/54 (87%) presented brain lesions. Twenty-six/47 (55%) had lesions in hAQP4. Thirty-two/54 patients (60%) had lesions considered evocative of NMOSD. The majority of them also presented lesions in hAQP4 (65%, 21/32). Patients with lesions in hAQP4 and lesions evocative of NMOSD demonstrated more extensive myelitis compared to the other patients (7 [6-10] versus 4 [3-5] vertebral segments, P=0.009). CONCLUSION: The coexistence of lesions evocative of NMOSD and in hAQP4 is associated with significantly more extensive myelitis, and might have pathophysiological and clinical significance.


Asunto(s)
Acuaporina 4 , Neuromielitis Óptica , Acuaporina 4/genética , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Femenino , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neuromielitis Óptica/diagnóstico por imagen , Estudios Retrospectivos
7.
Circulation ; 140(20): 1626-1635, 2019 11 12.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31607143

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Subcortical microvascular disease represented by brain white matter hyperintensity on magnetic resonance imaging is associated with functional decline in older people with hypertension. The effects of 2 levels of 24-hour average systolic blood pressure (BP) on mobility, white matter disease progression, and cognitive function over 3 years were studied. METHODS: This trial was a prospective, randomized, blinded end-points study in patients ≥75 years of age with systolic hypertension and magnetic resonance imaging evidence of white matter hyperintensity lesions. Patients were randomized to a 24-hour mean systolic BP of ≤130 mm Hg (intensive treatment) versus ≤145 mm Hg (standard treatment) with antihypertensive therapies. Primary study outcomes were changes in mobility (gait speed) and accrual of white matter hyperintensity volume after 3 years. Changes in cognitive function (executive processing) and adverse events were also evaluated. RESULTS: In 199 randomized patients, the mean age of the cohort was 80.5 years, and 54% were women; the average 24-hour systolic BP was 149 mm Hg. Goal BPs were achieved after a median treatment period of 3 to 4 months; at that time, the mean 24-hour systolic BP was 127.7 mm Hg in the intensive treatment group and 144.0 mm Hg in the standard treatment group for an average difference of 16.3 mm Hg. Changes in gait speed were not different between treatment groups (0.40±2.0 versus 0.42±2.7 s in the intensive treatment and standard treatment groups, respectively; P=0.91), whereas changes from baseline in white matter hyperintensity volumes were smaller (0.29%) in the intensive treatment group compared with the standard treatment group (0.48%; P=0.03). Cognitive outcomes also were not different between the treatment groups. Major adverse cardiovascular events were higher in the standard treatment group compared with the intensive treatment group (17 versus 4 patients; P=0.01). Falls, with or without injury, and syncope were comparable in the treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: Intensive lowering of ambulatory BP reduction in older patients with hypertension did not result in differences in mobility outcomes but was associated with a reduction in accrual of subcortical white matter disease. Over periods >3 years, a reduction in the accumulation of white matter disease may be a factor in conserving function. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01650402.


Asunto(s)
Antihipertensivos/uso terapéutico , Presión Sanguínea/efectos de los fármacos , Hipertensión/tratamiento farmacológico , Leucoencefalopatías/prevención & control , Accidentes por Caídas/prevención & control , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Antihipertensivos/efectos adversos , Monitoreo Ambulatorio de la Presión Arterial , Cognición , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Quimioterapia Combinada , Función Ejecutiva , Femenino , Humanos , Hipertensión/complicaciones , Hipertensión/diagnóstico , Hipertensión/fisiopatología , Leucoencefalopatías/diagnóstico por imagen , Leucoencefalopatías/etiología , Leucoencefalopatías/fisiopatología , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Estudios Prospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del Tratamiento , Velocidad al Caminar
8.
Mult Scler ; 26(7): 751-764, 2020 06.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31536461

RESUMEN

Fatigue is one of the most debilitating symptoms in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Despite its clinical significance, the aetiology and pathophysiology of MS-related fatigue are not well understood. Current evidence and understanding of the neuroanatomical underpinnings of MS-related fatigue are reviewed in this article. The aims of this paper are to (1) review the findings of previous structural neuroimaging studies on MS-related fatigue and summarize consistent findings regarding brain circuitry associated with fatigue in MS, (2) contextualize these findings with the neurochemistry of the relevant circuits and (3) discuss future perspectives with regard to impact on fatigue management of MS patients and methodological challenges towards improved understanding of fatigue pathogenesis. The detailed understanding of the neuroanatomical underpinnings of fatigue might contribute to the identification of novel treatment targets and factors determining treatment resistance to drugs used in current clinical practice.


Asunto(s)
Encéfalo , Fatiga , Esclerosis Múltiple , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Encéfalo/patología , Fatiga/diagnóstico por imagen , Fatiga/etiología , Fatiga/metabolismo , Fatiga/patología , Humanos , Esclerosis Múltiple/complicaciones , Esclerosis Múltiple/diagnóstico por imagen , Esclerosis Múltiple/metabolismo , Esclerosis Múltiple/patología
9.
Mult Scler ; 26(6): 725-734, 2020 05.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31971067

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of multiple sclerosis-related fatigue had limited reproducibility. Temporal fatigue fluctuations have not been considered. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether a novel group allocation that reflects temporal dynamics of fatigue improves our ability to detect fatigue-associated structural brain abnormalities. METHODS: Patient stratification based on biennial fatigue assessments: sustained fatigue (SF, n = 29, fatigued at the latest ⩾2 assessments), one time-point fatigue (1F, n = 15, fatigued at the latest, but non-fatigued at the penultimate assessment), reversible fatigue (RF, n = 31, non-fatigued at the latest assessment, but reported fatigue previously), and never fatigued (NF, n = 54). Brain parenchymal fraction (BPF) and T2 lesion volume (T2LV) were compared between these groups and were derived using a conventional, single time-point fatigued versus non-fatigued stratification. RESULTS: The SF versus NF stratification yielded improved power. SF (p = 0.005) and RF (p = 0.043) showed significantly higher T2LV than NF. T2LV showed no significant differences in SF versus 1F, SF versus RF, or 1F versus RF. Fatigued versus non-fatigued patients showed significantly higher T2LV (p = 0.030). We found no significant differences in BPF between the groups. CONCLUSION: Taking into account temporal fatigue dynamics increases the statistical power with respect to T2LV and may improve characterization of brain pathological correlates of MS-related fatigue.


Asunto(s)
Encéfalo/patología , Fatiga/clasificación , Fatiga/fisiopatología , Esclerosis Múltiple/patología , Esclerosis Múltiple/fisiopatología , Adulto , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Fatiga/etiología , Femenino , Humanos , Estudios Longitudinales , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Esclerosis Múltiple/complicaciones , Esclerosis Múltiple/diagnóstico por imagen
10.
Mult Scler ; 26(13): 1708-1718, 2020 11.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31418637

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Fatigue in multiple sclerosis (MS) has been inconsistently associated with disruption of specific brain circuitries. Temporal fluctuations of fatigue have not been considered. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the association of fatigue with brain diffusion abnormalities, using robust criteria for patient stratification based on longitudinal patterns of fatigue. METHODS: Patient stratification: (1) sustained fatigue (SF, n = 26): latest two Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS) ⩾ 38; (2) reversible fatigue (RF, n = 25): latest MFIS < 38 and minimum one previous MFIS ⩾ 38; and (3) never fatigued (NF, n = 42): MFIS always < 38 (five assessments minimum). 3T brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to perform voxel-wise comparison of fractional anisotropy (FA) between the groups controlling for age, sex, disease duration, physical disability, white matter lesion load (T2LV), and depression. RESULTS: SF and, to a lesser extent, RF patients showed lower FA in multiple brain regions compared to NF patients, independent of age, sex, disease duration, and physical disability. In cingulo-postcommissural-striato-thalamic regions, the differences in FA between SF and NF (but not between RF and NF or SF) patients were independent of T2LV, and in ventromedial prefronto-precommissuro-striatal and temporo-insular areas, independent of T2LV and depression. CONCLUSION: Damage to ventromedial prefronto-precommissuro-striatal and temporo-insular pathways appears to be a specific substrate of SF in MS.


Asunto(s)
Esclerosis Múltiple , Sustancia Blanca , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Depresión/etiología , Fatiga/etiología , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Esclerosis Múltiple/complicaciones , Esclerosis Múltiple/diagnóstico por imagen , Sustancia Blanca/diagnóstico por imagen
11.
J Neuroradiol ; 47(4): 250-258, 2020 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32014494

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: New multiple sclerosis (MS) disease-modifying therapies (DMTs), which exert beneficial effects through prevention of relapse, limitation of disability progression, and improvement of patients' quality of life, have recently emerged. Nonetheless, these DMTs are not without associated complications (severe adverse events like. progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy). Patient follow-up requires regular clinical evaluations and close monitoring with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Detection of new T2 lesions and potential brain atrophy measurements contribute to the evaluation of treatment effectiveness. Current MRI protocols for MS recommend the acquisition of an annual gadolinium (Gd) enhanced MRI, resulting in administration of high volume of contrast agents over time and Gd accumulation in the brain. METHODS: A consensus report was established by neuroradiologists and neurologists from the French Observatory of MS, which aimed at reducing the number of Gd injections required during MS patient follow-up. RECOMMENDATIONS: The French Observatory of MS recommends the use of macrocyclic Gd enhancement at time of diagnosis, when a new DMT is introduced, at 6-month re-baseline, and when previous scans are unavailable for comparison. Gd administration can be performed as an option in case of relapse or suspicion of intercurrent disease such as progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Other follow-up MRIs do not require contrast enhancement, provided current and previous MRI acquisitions follow the same standardized protocol including 3D FLAIR sequences.


Asunto(s)
Gadolinio/efectos adversos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Esclerosis Múltiple/diagnóstico por imagen , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Consenso , Medios de Contraste/efectos adversos , Humanos , Aumento de la Imagen
12.
Anesthesiology ; 131(3): 477-491, 2019 09.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31166241

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Postoperative delirium and postoperative cognitive dysfunction share risk factors and may co-occur, but their relationship is not well established. The primary goals of this study were to describe the prevalence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction and to investigate its association with in-hospital delirium. The authors hypothesized that delirium would be a significant risk factor for postoperative cognitive dysfunction during follow-up. METHODS: This study used data from an observational study of cognitive outcomes after major noncardiac surgery, the Successful Aging after Elective Surgery study. Postoperative delirium was evaluated each hospital day with confusion assessment method-based interviews supplemented by chart reviews. Postoperative cognitive dysfunction was determined using methods adapted from the International Study of Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction. Associations between delirium and postoperative cognitive dysfunction were examined at 1, 2, and 6 months. RESULTS: One hundred thirty-four of 560 participants (24%) developed delirium during hospitalization. Slightly fewer than half (47%, 256 of 548) met the International Study of Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction-defined threshold for postoperative cognitive dysfunction at 1 month, but this proportion decreased at 2 months (23%, 123 of 536) and 6 months (16%, 85 of 528). At each follow-up, the level of agreement between delirium and postoperative cognitive dysfunction was poor (kappa less than .08) and correlations were small (r less than .16). The relative risk of postoperative cognitive dysfunction was significantly elevated for patients with a history of postoperative delirium at 1 month (relative risk = 1.34; 95% CI, 1.07-1.67), but not 2 months (relative risk = 1.08; 95% CI, 0.72-1.64), or 6 months (relative risk = 1.21; 95% CI, 0.71-2.09). CONCLUSIONS: Delirium significantly increased the risk of postoperative cognitive dysfunction in the first postoperative month; this relationship did not hold in longer-term follow-up. At each evaluation, postoperative cognitive dysfunction was more common among patients without delirium. Postoperative delirium and postoperative cognitive dysfunction may be distinct manifestations of perioperative neurocognitive deficits.


Asunto(s)
Disfunción Cognitiva/epidemiología , Delirio/epidemiología , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/epidemiología , Anciano , Estudios de Cohortes , Comorbilidad , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Masculino , Massachusetts/epidemiología , Prevalencia , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo
13.
Am Heart J ; 205: 21-30, 2018 11.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30145340

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Subcortical small vessel disease, represented as white matter hyperintensity (WMH) on magnetic resonance images (MRI) is associated with functional decline in older people with hypertension. We evaluated the relationships of clinic and out-of-office blood pressures (BP) with WMH and functional status in older persons. METHODS: Using cross-sectional data from 199 older study participants enrolled in the INFINITY trial, we analyzed the clinic, 24-hour ambulatory, and home BPs and their relationships with WMH burden and mobility and cognitive outcomes. RESULTS: Volume of WMH was associated with clinic and 24-hour ambulatory systolic BP but not home systolic BP. The mobility measure, supine-to-sit time, had a significant association with 24-hour systolic BP and pulse pressure but not with diastolic BP or values obtained by home BP. Cognitive measures of processing speed (Trails Making Test Part A and the Stroop Word Test) were significantly associated with 24-hour systolic BP, but not clinic and home BPs. CONCLUSION: These data demonstrate that ambulatory BP measurements in older people are more strongly associated with WMH and certain measures of functional status compared to home BP measurements. Hence, home BP may not be a useful substitute for ambulatory BP for assessing subcortical small vessel disease and its consequences. Further longitudinal analyses comparing clinic and various types of out-of-office BP measures with small vessel brain disease are needed. Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT01650402.


Asunto(s)
Monitoreo Ambulatorio de la Presión Arterial/métodos , Presión Sanguínea/fisiología , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Cognición/fisiología , Hipertensión/complicaciones , Leucoencefalopatías/fisiopatología , Arteria Retiniana/anomalías , Hemorragia Retiniana/fisiopatología , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Hipertensión/epidemiología , Hipertensión/fisiopatología , Leucoencefalopatías/epidemiología , Leucoencefalopatías/etiología , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Morbilidad/tendencias , Porencefalia , Arteria Retiniana/fisiopatología , Hemorragia Retiniana/epidemiología , Hemorragia Retiniana/etiología , Estados Unidos/epidemiología
14.
Mult Scler ; 24(8): 1105-1114, 2018 07.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28548605

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Reports on the relationships between white matter lesion load (WMLL) and fatigue and anxiety in multiple sclerosis (MS) are inconsistent. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association of total and tract-specific WMLL with fatigue and anxiety. METHODS: Total and regional T2 WMLL was assessed for 19 tracts in 48 MS patients (30 females). ICBM-DTI-81 Atlas-based parcellation was combined with WMLL segmentation of T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Fatigue, anxiety, and depression were assessed using Fatigue Impact Scale, State Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Beck Depression Inventory, respectively. RESULTS: Fatigue, anxiety, and depression showed significant inter-correlation. We found no association between fatigue and total or regional WMLLs, whereas anxiety was associated with total and regional WMLLs in nine tracts. After adjusting for total WMLL, age, and depression, only the column and body of the fornix (CBF) remained significantly associated with anxiety. Post hoc analyses showed no CBF lesions on T1-weighted MRI and suggested, but could not confirm, that the septum pellucidum might play a role in the pathogenesis of anxiety. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that anxiety in MS patients may have a neuropathological substrate in the septo-fornical area, which requires further validation using larger sample size and ultra-high-field MRI in targeted prospective studies.


Asunto(s)
Ansiedad/etiología , Encéfalo/patología , Esclerosis Múltiple/patología , Esclerosis Múltiple/psicología , Adulto , Ansiedad/patología , Fatiga/etiología , Fatiga/patología , Femenino , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Sustancia Blanca/patología
15.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry ; 88(2): 146-151, 2017 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27789541

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Cerebellar damage has been implicated in information processing speed (IPS) impairment associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) that might result from functional disconnection in the frontocerebellar loop. Structural alterations in individual posterior lobules, in which cognitive functioning seems preponderant, are still unknown. Our aim was to investigate the impact of grey matter (GM) volume alterations in lobules VI to VIIIb on IPS in persons with clinically isolated syndrome (PwCIS), MS (PwMS) and healthy subjects (HS). METHODS: 69 patients (37 PwCIS, 32 PwMS) and 36 HS underwent 3 T MRI including 3-dimensional T1-weighted MRIs. Cerebellum lobules were segmented using SUIT V.3.0 to estimate their normalised GM volume. Neuropsychological testing was performed to assess IPS and main cognitive functions. RESULTS: Normalised GM volumes were significantly different between PwMS and HS for the right (p<0.001) and left lobule VI (p<0.01), left crus I, right VIIb and entire cerebellum (p<0.05 for each comparison) and between PwMS and PwCIS for all lobules in subregions VI and left crus I (p<0.05). IPS, attention and working memory were impaired in PwMS compared with PwCIS. In the whole population of patients (PwMS and PwCIS), GM loss in vermis VI (R2=0.36; p<0.05 when considering age and T2 lesion volume as covariates) were associated with IPS impairment. CONCLUSIONS: GM volume decrease in posterior lobules (especially vermis VI) was associated with reduced IPS. Our results suggest a significant impact of posterior lobules pathology in corticocerebellar loop disruption resulting in automation and cognitive optimisation lack in MS. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrail NCT01207856, NCT01865357; Pre-results.


Asunto(s)
Cerebelo/diagnóstico por imagen , Cognición/fisiología , Memoria a Corto Plazo/fisiología , Esclerosis Múltiple/diagnóstico por imagen , Tiempo de Reacción/fisiología , Adulto , Atención/fisiología , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Femenino , Humanos , Procesamiento de Imagen Asistido por Computador , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Esclerosis Múltiple/psicología , Pruebas Neuropsicológicas , Tamaño de los Órganos/fisiología , Adulto Joven
16.
Mult Scler ; 23(9): 1214-1224, 2017 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27780913

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) could reveal early hippocampal damage and clinically relevant correlates of memory impairment in persons with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) suggestive of multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS: A total of 37 persons with CIS, 32 with MS and 36 controls prospectively included from 2011 to 2014 were tested for cognitive performances and scanned with 3T-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to assess volumetric and DTI changes within the hippocampus, whole brain volume and T2-lesion load. RESULTS: While there was no hippocampal atrophy in the CIS group, hippocampal fractional anisotropy (FA) was significantly decreased compared to controls. Decrease in hippocampal FA together with increased mean diffusivity (MD) was even more prominent in MS patients. In CIS, hippocampal MD was correlated with episodic verbal memory performance ( r = -0.57, p = 0.0002 and odds ratio (OR) = 0.058, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.0057-0.59, p = 0.016 adjusted for age, gender, depression and T2-lesion load), but not with cognitive tasks unrelated to hippocampal functions. Hippocampal MD was the only variable discriminating memory-impaired from memory-preserved persons with CIS (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.77, sensitivity = 90.0%, specificity = 70.3%, positive predictive value (PPV) = 52.9%, negative predictive value (NPV) = 95.0%). CONCLUSION: DTI alterations within the hippocampus might reflect early neurodegenerative processes that are correlated with episodic memory performance, discriminating persons with CIS according to their memory status.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Desmielinizantes/patología , Enfermedades Desmielinizantes/fisiopatología , Hipocampo/patología , Trastornos de la Memoria/fisiopatología , Memoria Episódica , Adulto , Enfermedades Desmielinizantes/diagnóstico por imagen , Imagen de Difusión Tensora , Femenino , Hipocampo/diagnóstico por imagen , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Esclerosis Múltiple/diagnóstico por imagen , Esclerosis Múltiple/patología , Esclerosis Múltiple/fisiopatología , Adulto Joven
17.
Brain ; 139(Pt 4): 1282-94, 2016 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26920674

RESUMEN

Despite the significant impact of postoperative delirium on surgical outcomes and the long-term prognosis of older patients, its neural basis has not yet been clarified. In this study we investigated the impact of premorbid brain microstructural integrity, as measured by diffusion tensor imaging before surgery, on postoperative delirium incidence and severity, as well as the relationship among presurgical cognitive performance, diffusion tensor imaging abnormalities and postoperative delirium. Presurgical diffusion tensor imaging scans of 136 older (≥70 years), dementia-free subjects from the prospective Successful Aging after Elective Surgery study were analysed blind to the clinical data and delirium status. Primary outcomes were postoperative delirium incidence and severity during the hospital stay, as assessed by the Confusion Assessment Method. We measured cognition before surgery using general cognitive performance, a composite score based on a battery of neuropsychological tests. We investigated the association between presurgical diffusion tensor imaging parameters of brain microstructural integrity (i.e. fractional anisotropy, axial, mean and radial diffusivity) with postoperative delirium incidence and severity. Analyses were adjusted for the following potential confounders: age, gender, vascular comorbidity status, and general cognitive performance. Postoperative delirium occurred in 29 of 136 subjects (21%) during hospitalization. Presurgical diffusion tensor imaging abnormalities of the cerebellum, cingulum, corpus callosum, internal capsule, thalamus, basal forebrain, occipital, parietal and temporal lobes, including the hippocampus, were associated with delirium incidence and severity, after controlling for age, gender and vascular comorbidities. After further controlling for general cognitive performance, diffusion tensor imaging abnormalities of the cerebellum, hippocampus, thalamus and basal forebrain still remained associated with delirium incidence and severity. This study raises the intriguing possibility that structural dysconnectivity involving interhemispheric and fronto-thalamo-cerebellar networks, as well as microstructural changes of structures involved in limbic and memory functions predispose to delirium under the stress of surgery. While the diffusion tensor imaging abnormalities observed in the corpus callosum, cingulum, and temporal lobe likely constitute the neural substrate for the association between premorbid cognition, as measured by general cognitive performance, and postoperative delirium, the microstructural changes observed in the cerebellum, hippocampus, thalamus and basal forebrain seem to constitute a separate phenomenon that predisposes to postsurgical delirium independent of presurgical cognitive status.


Asunto(s)
Encéfalo/patología , Delirio/diagnóstico , Imagen de Difusión por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Electivos/efectos adversos , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/diagnóstico , Cuidados Preoperatorios/métodos , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Envejecimiento/patología , Envejecimiento/psicología , Estudios de Cohortes , Estudios Transversales , Delirio/etiología , Delirio/psicología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/etiología , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/psicología , Estudios Prospectivos
18.
Stroke ; 47(4): 1053-9, 2016 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26979863

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The contribution of imaging metrics to predict poststroke motor recovery needs to be clarified. We tested the added value of early diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of the corticospinal tract toward predicting long-term motor recovery. METHODS: One hundred seventeen patients were prospectively assessed at 24 to 72 hours and 1 year after ischemic stroke with diffusion tensor imaging and motor scores (Fugl-Meyer). The initial fiber number ratio (iFNr) and final fiber number ratio were computed as the number of streamlines along the affected corticospinal tract normalized to the unaffected side and were compared with each other. The prediction of motor recovery (ΔFugl-Meyer) was first modeled using initial Fugl-Meyer and iFNr. Multivariate ordinal logistic regression models were also used to study the association of iFNr, initial Fugl-Meyer, age, and stroke volume with Fugl-Meyer at 1 year. RESULTS: The iFNr correlated with the final fiber number ratio at 1 year (r=0.70; P<0.0001). The initial Fugl-Meyer strongly predicted motor recovery (≈73% of initial impairment) for all patients except those with initial severe stroke (Fugl-Meyer<50). For these severe patients (n=26), initial Fugl-Meyer was not correlated with motor recovery (R(2)=0.13; p=ns), whereas iFNr showed strong correlation (R(2)=0.56; P<0.0001). In multivariate analysis, the iFNr was an independent predictor of motor outcome (ß=2.601; 95% confidence interval=0.304-5.110; P=0.031), improving prediction compared with using only initial Fugl-Meyer, age, and stroke volume (P=0.026). CONCLUSIONS: Early measurement of FNr at 24 to 72 hours poststroke is a surrogate marker of corticospinal tract integrity and provides independent prediction of motor outcome at 1 year especially for patients with severe initial impairment.


Asunto(s)
Isquemia Encefálica/fisiopatología , Actividad Motora/fisiología , Tractos Piramidales/fisiopatología , Recuperación de la Función/fisiología , Accidente Cerebrovascular/fisiopatología , Anciano , Isquemia Encefálica/diagnóstico , Imagen de Difusión Tensora , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Pronóstico , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Accidente Cerebrovascular/diagnóstico
19.
Stroke ; 47(1): 66-73, 2016 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26585396

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: On top of functional outcome, accurate prediction of cognitive outcome for stroke patients is an unmet need with major implications for clinical management. We investigated whether stroke location may contribute independent prognostic value to multifactorial predictive models of functional and cognitive outcomes. METHODS: Four hundred twenty-eight consecutive patients with ischemic stroke were prospectively assessed with magnetic resonance imaging at 24 to 72 hours and at 3 months for functional outcome using the modified Rankin Scale and cognitive outcome using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Statistical maps of functional and cognitive eloquent regions were derived from the first 215 patients (development sample) using voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping. We used multivariate logistic regression models to study the influence of stroke location (number of eloquent voxels from voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping maps), age, initial National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale and stroke volume on modified Rankin Scale and MoCA. The second part of our cohort was used as an independent replication sample. RESULTS: In univariate analyses, stroke location, age, initial National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, and stroke volume were all predictive of poor modified Rankin Scale and MoCA. In multivariable analyses, stroke location remained the strongest independent predictor of MoCA and significantly improved the prediction compared with using only age, initial National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, and stroke volume (area under the curve increased from 0.697-0.771; difference=0.073; 95% confidence interval, 0.008-0.155). In contrast, stroke location did not persist as independent predictor of modified Rankin Scale that was mainly driven by initial National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (area under the curve going from 0.840 to 0.835). Similar results were obtained in the replication sample. CONCLUSIONS: Stroke location is an independent predictor of cognitive outcome (MoCA) at 3 months post stroke.


Asunto(s)
Encéfalo/patología , Trastornos del Conocimiento/diagnóstico , Trastornos del Conocimiento/epidemiología , Accidente Cerebrovascular/diagnóstico , Accidente Cerebrovascular/epidemiología , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/tendencias , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Estudios Prospectivos , Resultado del Tratamiento
20.
Mult Scler ; 22(14): 1841-1849, 2016 12.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26920374

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: It is unclear whether fatigue is a consequence or a predictive trait of disease worsening. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the predictive value of fatigue toward conversion to confirmed moderate-severe disability in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). METHODS: We retrospectively selected from the Comprehensive Longitudinal Investigations in MS at the Brigham and Women's Hospital (CLIMB) study cohort RRMS patients who converted to confirmed (⩾2 years) Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score ⩾3 within a follow-up period ⩾3 years. We contrasted the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS) score of 33 converters, obtained at least 1 year before conversion to EDSS ⩾3, with that of 33 non-converter RRMS patients matched for baseline characteristics. RESULTS: Total MFIS score was higher in converter versus non-converter MS patients (median 37 vs 13; p < 0.0001). EDSS and Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale (CES-D) scores were also higher in the converters (median EDSS 1.5 vs 0, p < 0.0001; median CES-D 30 vs 24, p < 0.0001) and were both associated with MFIS score (EDSS: rho = 0.42, p = 0.0005; CES-D: rho = 0.72, p < 0.0001). After adjusting for EDSS and CES-D in multivariate analysis, MFIS remained a significant predictor of subsequent conversion to confirmed EDSS ⩾3. CONCLUSION: Fatigue is a promising indicator of risk for conversion to confirmed moderate-severe disability in RRMS patients.


Asunto(s)
Progresión de la Enfermedad , Fatiga/fisiopatología , Esclerosis Múltiple Recurrente-Remitente/fisiopatología , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Estudios Longitudinales , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pronóstico , Estudios Retrospectivos
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