Population-Based Study of the Incidence and Mortality Rate of Acute Aortic Dissection.

BACKGROUND: Acute aortic dissection (AAD) has high morbidity and a high fatality rate for a cardiovascular disease. Recent studies suggested that the incidence of AAD is increasing. However, the actual incidence and mortality rates of AAD are not well known. This study investigated the current epidemiology of AAD within the Yatsushiro medical jurisdictional area.Methods and Results: A population-based review of patients with AAD was performed in a geographically well-defined area. Data were collected retrospectively from January 2011 to December 2020 for a total of 196 patients with AAD (Stanford Type A, n=126 [64.3%]; Stanford Type B, n=70 [35.7%]). The mean patient age was 74.3 years, and 55.6% (109/196) were women. The crude and age-standardized incidence rates of AAD in our medical jurisdictional area were 13.6 and 11.4 per 100,000 inhabitants per year, respectively. The crude and age-standardized 30-day mortality rates of AAD were 4.9 and 4.0 per 100,000 inhabitants per year, respectively. There were upward tendencies for both the incidence and 30-day mortality rate of AAD with age, with both being significantly higher in patients aged ≥85 years (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This population-based study detected a higher incidence of AAD than previous studies, but reported a lower incidence of AAD in men than in women. Increasing age was associated with an increased incidence and mortality rate of AAD.

Analyzing muscle thickness changes in lateral abdominal muscles while exercising using virtual reality.

[Purpose] Virtual reality (VR) rehabilitation has become popular in the medical field. VR-guided exercises (VR-ge) have demonstrated positive effects on gait and trunk control. Trunk muscle activation, particularly that of the transversus abdominis (TrA), is responsible for these improvements. However, the difference in muscle activation between VR and real space remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the differences in trunk muscle activation during exercise therapy performed in VR and real space. [Participants and Methods] A total of 22 healthy male volunteers were divided into two equal groups: VR-ge and Control exercise (C-e) groups. Both groups performed reaching exercises in a seated position. Ultrasound imaging was used to measure the thicknesses of the right external oblique, internal oblique, and TrA muscles, both at rest and during the reaching exercises performed in six different directions. [Results] No significant differences were observed in TrA muscle thickness changes between the groups before the intervention. However, after the intervention, the VR-ge group showed significantly greater TrA muscle thickness changes during reaching compared to that of the C-e group. [Conclusion] VR-ge increased TrA activation during reaching compared to exercising in real space.

Formation and Thermal Stability of Ordered Self-Assembled Monolayers by the Adsorption of Amide-Containing Alkanethiols on Au(111).

We examined the surface structure, binding conditions, electrochemical behavior, and thermal stability of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on Au(111) formed by N-(2-mercaptoethyl)heptanamide (MEHA) containing an amide group in an inner alkyl chain using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and cyclic voltammetry (CV) to understand the effects of an internal amide group as a function of deposition time. The STM study clearly showed that the structural transitions of MEHA SAMs on Au(111) occurred from the liquid phase to the formation of a closely packed and well-ordered ß-phase via a loosely packed α-phase as an intermediate phase, depending on the deposition time. XPS measurements showed that the relative peak intensities of chemisorbed sulfur against Au 4f for MEHA SAMs formed after deposition for 1 min, 10 min, and 1 h were calculated to be 0.0022, 0.0068, and 0.0070, respectively. Based on the STM and XPS results, it is expected that the formation of a well-ordered ß-phase is due to an increased adsorption of chemisorbed sulfur and the structural rearrangement of molecular backbones to maximize lateral interactions resulting from a longer deposition period of 1 h. CV measurements showed a significant difference in the electrochemical behavior of MEHA and decanethiol (DT) SAMs as a result of the presence of an internal amide group in the MEHA SAMs. Herein, we report the first high-resolution STM image of well-ordered MEHA SAMs on Au(111) with a (3 × 2√3) superlattice (ß-phase). We also found that amide-containing MEHA SAMs were thermally much more stable than DT SAMs due to the formation of internal hydrogen networks in MEHA SAMs. Our molecular-scale STM results provide new insight into the growth process, surface structure, and thermal stability of amide-containing alkanethiols on Au(111).

Temporal virtual reality-guided, dual-task, trunk balance training in a sitting position improves persistent postural-perceptual dizziness: proof of concept.

BACKGROUND: Persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD) is a newly defined disorder characterized by functional dizziness. Due to its recent discovery, definitive treatment for PPPD has not been established; therefore, this study aimed to assess the effectiveness of virtual reality (VR)-guided, dual-task, trunk balance training for the management of PPPD using the mediVR KAGURA system. METHODS: We analyzed data of patients who presented with PPPD from January 1, 2021, to February 28, 2021. The VR group included patients who underwent mediVR KAGURA-guided training for 100 tasks (10 min). Patients with PPPD who received standard treatment and rehabilitation were assigned to the control group. Equilibrium tests were performed at baseline and immediately after mediVR KAGURA-guided training to examine its effectiveness in improving static and dynamic balance. Additionally, clinical questionnaires related to balance disorders were administered at baseline and 1 week after mediVR KAGURA-guided training to examine its effects on balance-related symptoms. The primary outcome was improvements in static and dynamic balance and Niigata PPPD Questionnaire (NPQ) scores. RESULTS: VR-guided training using mediVR KAGURA improved objective outcomes, including static and dynamic postural stability, after a single 10-min training session. Additionally, mediVR KAGURA-guided training improved scores on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and NPQ 1 week after the 10-min training session. CONCLUSION: VR-guided training using mediVR KAGURA represents a viable method for managing balancing ability, anxiety, and symptoms in patients with PPPD. Such training provides a safe and cost-effective solution for PPPD management. Further studies are required to evaluate the clinical efficacy of this strategy. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Institutional Ethics Committee of Kitano Hospital, approval number: 1911003. Registered 18 December 2019, https://kitano.bvits.com/rinri/publish_document.aspx?ID=426 .

The impact of bronchial artery embolisation on the quality of life of patients with haemoptysis: a prospective observational study.

OBJECTIVES: Patients with haemoptysis often experience daily physical and mental impairment. Bronchial artery embolisation is among the first-line treatment options used worldwide; however, no evidence exists regarding the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) after bronchial artery embolisation. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of bronchial artery embolisation on the HRQoL of patients with haemoptysis. METHODS: We prospectively enrolled 61 consecutive patients who visited our hospital from July 2017 to August 2018 and received bronchial artery embolisation for haemoptysis. The primary outcome was the HRQoL evaluated using the Short Form Health Survey, which contains physical and mental components, before and after bronchial artery embolisation. The secondary outcomes were procedural success, complications, and recurrence-free survival rate at 6 months. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 69 years (range, 31-87 years). The procedural success rate was 98%. No major complications occurred. The recurrence-free survival rate estimated using the Kaplan-Meier analysis at 6 months after bronchial artery embolisation was 91.8% (95% confidence interval, 91.1-92.5%). Compared with the pre-treatment scores, the physical and mental scores were significantly improved at 6 months after bronchial artery embolisation (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Bronchial artery embolisation improved the HRQoL of patients with haemoptysis. KEY POINTS: • Bronchial artery embolisation improved the HRQoL of patients with haemoptysis. • Vessel dilation on computed tomography and systemic artery-pulmonary artery direct shunting on angiography were the most common abnormalities. • The recurrence-free survival rate estimated using the Kaplan-Meier analysis at 6 months after bronchial artery embolisation was 91.8%.

Determination of the Optimal Measurement Point for Fractional Flow Reserve Derived From CTA Using Pressure Wire Assessment as Reference.

BACKGROUND. For clinical decision making, it was recently recommended that values of fractional flow reserve (FFR) derived from coronary CTA (FFRCT) be measured 1-2 cm distal to the stenosis, given the potential for overestimation of ischemia when FFRCT values at far distal segments are used. Supporting data are, however, lacking. OBJECTIVE. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of FFRCT values measured 1-2 cm distal to the stenosis and at more distal locations relative to invasive FFR values. METHODS. FFRCT and invasive FFR values for 365 vessels in 253 patients identified from the Assessing Diagnostic Value of Noninvasive FFRCT in Coronary Care (ADVANCE) registry were prospectively assessed. FFRCT values were measured 1-2 cm distal to the stenosis and at the pressure wire position and far distal segments. The diagnostic accuracy of FFRCT was assessed on the basis of the ROC AUC. The AUC of FFRCT was calculated using FFRCT as an explanatory variable and an invasive FFR of 0.80 or less as the dichotomous dependent variable. RESULTS. The AUC of FFRCT values measured 1-2 cm distal to the stenosis (0.85; 95% CI, 0.80-0.88) was higher (p = .002) than that of FFRCT values measured at far distal segments (0.80; 95% CI, 0.76-0.84) and similar (p = .16) to that of FFRCT values measured at the pressure wire position (0.86; 95% CI, 0.81-0.89). FFRCT values measured 1-2 cm distal to the stenosis and at far distal segments had sensitivity of 87% versus 92% (p = .003), specificity of 73% versus 42% (p < .001), PPV of 75% versus 59% (p < .001), and NPV of 86% versus 85% (p = .72), respectively. Subgroup analyses of lesions of the left anterior descending coronary artery, left circumflex coronary artery, and right coronary artery all showed improved specificity and PPV (all p < .005) for FFRCT values measured 1-2 cm distal to the stenosis compared with values measured at the pressure wire position. However, the AUC was higher for measurements obtained 1-2 cm distal to the stenosis versus those obtained at far distal segments, for left anterior descending coronary artery lesions (p < .001) but not for left circumflex coronary artery lesions (p = .27) or right coronary artery lesions (p = .91). CONCLUSION. The diagnostic performance of FFRCT values measured 1-2 cm distal to the stenosis was higher than that of FFRCT values measured at far distal segments and was similar to that of FFRCT values measured at the pressure wire position in evaluating ischemic status, particularly for left anterior descending coronary artery lesions. CLINICAL IMPACT. The present study supports recent recommendations from experts to use FFRCT measured 1-2 cm distal to the stenosis, rather than measurements obtained at far distal segments, in clinical decision making.

Functional assessment of intermediate coronary artery stenosis with 4-Fr catheters.

The 4-Fr catheter system is not recommended for invasive functional assessment of coronary artery stenosis, because it tends to distort the aortic waveform. This study aimed to identify the incidence of aortic waveform distortion and a feasible method for correct diagnosis of coronary artery stenosis with a 4-Fr catheter. We retrospectively investigated 178 lesions with intermediate coronary artery stenosis. Non-hyperemic distal coronary artery pressure (Pd) and aortic pressure (Pa) were measured with a 4-Fr diagnostic or 6-Fr guiding catheter before and after saline flush. The mean Pd/mean Pa (Pd/Pa) and instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR) were calculated before and after flushing. We compared the effect of flushing on the changes in Pd/Pa and iFR between the 4-Fr diagnostic and 6-Fr guiding catheters. Using the 4-Fr diagnostic catheter, there was a significant decrease in incidence of aortic waveform distortion from 42.0% (47 lesions) before flushing to 1.8% (2 lesions) after flushing (p < 0.001); the incidence was only 3.0% before saline flush and decreased to 0% after saline flush when using the 6-Fr guiding catheter. The presence of aortic waveform distortion influenced the iFR when the 4-Fr system was used. Functional measurements with the 4-Fr diagnostic catheter require adequate saline flush to remove the influence of aortic waveform distortion.

Association between debulking area of rotational atherectomy and platform revolution speed-Frequency domain optical coherence tomography analysis.

OBJECTIVES: In this study, we sought to investigate the association between revolution speed of rotational atherectomy (RA) and debulking area assessed by frequency domain-optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT). BACKGROUND: The number of patients with severe calcified coronary artery disease requiring treatment with calcium ablation, such as RA, is increasing. However, there is little evidence available regarding the association between debulking area and revolution speed during RA. METHODS: We retrospectively investigated 30 consecutive severely calcified coronary lesions in 29 patients who underwent RA under FD-OCT guidance. The association between preset revolution speed of RA and burr size-corrected debulking area of the calcified lesion was evaluated using a multivariable regression model with nonlinear restricted-cubic-spline, which can help assess nonlinear associations between variables. RESULTS: The median age of study participants was 73 years (quartile 65-78); 82.8% were male. The median burr size was 1.5 mm (1.5-1.75); median total duration of ablation was 120 s (100-180). FD-OCT revealed that the post-procedural minimum lumen area increased significantly from 1.64 mm2 (1.40-2.09) to 2.45 mm2 (2.11-2.98) (p < .001). In addition, the burr size-corrected debulking area increased significantly as the preset revolution speed decreased (p = .018), especially when the revolution speed was less than 150,000 rpm. This result implies that additional lumen gain will be obtained by decreasing rpm when the burr speed is set at <150,000 rpm. CONCLUSIONS: FD-OCT demonstrated that RA with lower revolution speed, below 150,000 rpm, has the potential to achieve greater calcium debulking effect in patients with severe calcified coronary lesions.

Delirium is associated with high mortality in older adult patients with acute decompensated heart failure.

BACKGROUND: Delirium is associated with high mortality after cardiac surgery. However, evidence on the epidemiology of delirium in patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) is limited. This study aimed to assess the incidence and prognostic impact of delirium in patients with ADHF. METHODS: This single-center prospective observational study enrolled 132 consecutive patients with ADHF. We utilized the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition and classified the patients into two groups according to the presence or absence of delirium. The primary endpoint was 90-day all-cause mortality. The prognostic impact and risk factors of delirium were evaluated using multivariable Cox and logistic regression analyses, respectively. RESULTS: The median patient age was 83 (interquartile range, 75-87) years. Approximately 51.5% were men. Delirium occurred in 36 (27.3%) patients, and hyperactive delirium was the most frequent type (86.1%). The 90-day all-cause mortality was higher in the patients with delirium than in those without (21.6% versus 3.9%, log-rank p = 0.002). Delirium was associated with higher mortality with an adjusted hazard ratio of 6.8 (95% confidence interval, 1.1-42.6, p = 0.042). The risk factors associated with delirium included advanced age, male sex, higher clinical frailty scale score, and dementia. CONCLUSIONS: Delirium was associated with a higher 90-day all-cause mortality in the older adult patients with ADHF. Hyperactive delirium was the most common subtype.

Outcomes of second allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with relapse of myelodysplastic syndrome.

Though second allogenic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is considered a curative treatment option after myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) relapse, scant epidemiological data are available. We investigated the outcomes and prognostic factors of second allogenic HSCT in 99 patients with MDS who relapsed after the first HSCT. The median age was 53 years (interquartile; 45-59) and 57 patients (57·6%) were male. Five-year overall survival was 25·3%. Early relapse (adjusted hazard ratio: 2·78, 95% confidence interval: 1·08-7·21, P = 0·035) and poor performance (3·03, 1·71-5·37, P < 0·001) were associated with a significantly poor 5-year overall survival compared to the other groups (P < 0·001).

Clinical utility of intraprocedural three-dimensional integrated image guided transcatheter aortic valve implantation using novel automated computed tomography software: A single-center preliminary experience.

OBJECTIVES: Novel automated computed tomography (CT) software (Valve ASSIST 2) has been developed for transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI), which not only provides three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of multidetector (MD) CT images, but also enables intraprocedural real-time fusion of fluoroscopic and MDCT images. We aimed to clarify the reproducibility and accuracy of this software in the aortic annulus assessment and verify the potential of intraprocedural integrated MDCT imaging for TAVI. METHODS AND RESULTS: We examined 50 patients with severe aortic stenosis undergoing transfemoral TAVI. Aortic annulus measurements were performed using 3mensio and the novel planning software. For intraprocedural imaging, preoperative CT dataset was overlaid onto fluoroscopy with the fusion software. The two images were aligned using the aortic root anatomy visible on both modalities. Novel planning software provided excellent reproducibility for the measurement of aortic annulus area (intraobserver intraclass correlation coefficients [ICC] 0.959, interobserver ICC 0.941), and perimeter (intraobserver ICC 0.915, interobserver ICC 0.912). Excellent correlation was found between novel planning software and 3mensio (ICC 0.952 for aortic annulus area, and 0.923 for perimeter). Intraprocedural fusion image of CT aortography and fluoroscopic aortic root aortography generated by this novel software identified coronary orifices and the distribution of aortic valve calcification during the device positioning. Fusion image displayed coronary orifices after device implantation. CONCLUSIONS: Novel planning software showed excellent reproducibility and accuracy in the assessment of aortic root anatomy. Furthermore, the integrated 3D fusion image might have a potential as an intraprocedural imaging modality to contribute to the development of a safer TAVI procedure.

Feasibility and safety of jailed-pressure wire technique using durable optical fiber pressure wire for intervention of coronary bifurcation lesions.

OBJECTIVES: The objective was to evaluate the safety, feasibility, and accuracy of the jailed-pressure wire technique using a durable optical fiber-based pressure wire with high-pressure dilatation using a non-compliant balloon after main vessel stenting. BACKGROUND: Fractional flow reserve (FFR) information can help interventionists determine whether they should treat a jailed-side branch (SB). However, re-crossing a pressure wire into a jailed-SB is sometimes technically difficult. METHODS: Fifty-one consecutive lesions from 48 patients who underwent the jailed-pressure wire technique were retrospectively investigated. The primary endpoint was complication rate and secondary endpoints included success rate of FFR measurement, incidence of wire disruption, and final drift rate. The usability of FFR for percutaneous coronary intervention of coronary bifurcation lesion was also evaluated. RESULTS: Median age of the patients was 69 years and 80.4% were men. The most frequent underlying disease was stable angina (70.6%) and 68.6% were type B2 lesions. Our main findings were: the procedure was performed successfully in all cases without any complications or wire disruption, FFR could be measured without significant final drift in 95.9% of cases, and FFR measurements helped interventionists determine whether to perform a final kissing balloon dilatation in 49.0% cases. CONCLUSIONS: The jailed-pressure wire technique using a durable optical fiber-based pressure wire with high-pressure post-dilatation maneuver was safe, feasible, and accurate.

Mechanisms of recurrent haemoptysis after super-selective bronchial artery coil embolisation: a single-centre retrospective observational study.

OBJECTIVES: In recognition of the significant impairment caused by haemoptysis on a patient's quality of life, bronchial artery embolisation has been introduced worldwide as one of the first-line treatment options. Since little evidence is available on the mechanisms of recurrent haemoptysis after super-selective bronchial artery coil embolisation (ssBACE), the purpose of the present study is to evaluate these. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated the mechanisms of recurrent haemoptysis using both enhanced computed tomography and cineangiography following ssBACE by reviewing 299 haemoptysis-related arteries (HRAs) in 57 consecutive patients who underwent 2nd series ssBACE for the management of recurrent haemoptysis between April 2010 and December 2015. RESULTS: Median age of patients was 69 (interquartile range 64-74) years, and 43.9% were men. This study revealed that (1) recanalisation was the most common mechanism (45.2%) followed by development of new HRA (38.5%), bridging collaterals (14.7%) and conventional collaterals (1.7%); (2) these trends could be modified in several situations such as with antiplatelet or anticoagulant medications; (3) relatively large-diameter HRAs were more likely to recanalise compared with small-diameter HRAs and (4) recurrent haemoptysis could be managed by 2nd series ssBACE with a procedural success rate of 97.7% without any major complications. CONCLUSIONS: Recanalisation was the most common mechanism of recurrent haemoptysis after ssBACE. Our results provide interventionists with indispensable insights. KEY POINTS: • Recanalisation was the most common mechanism of recurrent haemoptysis after super-selective bronchial artery coil embolisation, followed by development of new haemoptysis-related arteries • These trends could be modified in several situations such as with antiplatelet or anticoagulant medications • Recurrent haemoptysis could be managed by 2nd series super-selective bronchial artery coil embolisation with a procedural success rate of 97.7% without any major complications.

Impact of Computed Tomography Evaluation Before Colonoscopy for the Management of Colonic Diverticular Hemorrhage.

GOALS: The purpose of this study was to investigate and summarize our experience of a standardized strategy using computed tomography (CT) followed by colonoscopy for the assessment of colonic diverticular hemorrhage with focus on a comparison of CT and colonoscopy findings in patients with colonic diverticular hemorrhage. BACKGROUND: Colonic diverticular hemorrhage is usually diagnosed by colonoscopy, but it is difficult to identify the responsible bleeding point among many diverticula. STUDY: We retrospectively included 257 consecutive patients with colonic diverticular hemorrhage. All patients underwent a CT examination before colonoscopy. All-cause mortality and rebleeding-free rate after discharge were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier analysis and compared using the log-rank test. RESULTS: In CT examinations, 184 patients (71.6%) had definite diverticular hemorrhage with 31.9% showing intraluminal high-density fluid on plain CT, 39.7% showing extravasation, and 31.1% showing arteriovenous increase of extravasation on enhanced CT. In colonoscopy, 130 patients (50.6%) showed endoscopic stigmata of bleeding with 12.1% showing active bleeding, 17.1% showing a nonbleeding visible vessel, and 21.4% showing an adherent clot. A comparison of the locations of bleeding in CT and colonoscopy showed that the agreement rate was 67.3%, and the disagreement rate was 0.8% when the lesion was identified by both modalities patients with definite diverticular hemorrhage identified by CT had a longer hospital stay, higher incidences of hemodynamic instability and rebleeding events than did patients with presumptive diverticular hemorrhage. CONCLUSION: CT evaluation before colonoscopy can be a good option for managing patients with colonic diverticular hemorrhage.

Experimental and theoretical elucidation of catalytic pathways in TiO2-initiated prebiotic polymerization.

The tendency of glycine to form polymer chains on a rutile(110) surface under wet/dry conditions (dry-wet cycles at high temperature) is studied through a conjunction of surface sensitive experimental techniques and sequential periodic multilevel calculations that mimics the experimental procedures with models of decreasing complexity and increasing accuracy. X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) and thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS) experimentally confirmed that the dry-wet cycles lead to Gly polymerization on the oxide support. This was supported by all the theoretical characterizations. First, classical reactive molecular dynamics (MD) simulations based on the ReaxFF approach were used to reproduce the adsorption of the experimental glycine solution droplets sprayed onto an oxide support and to identify the most probable arrangement of the molecules that triggered the polymerization mechanisms. Then, quantum chemistry density functional tight binding (DF-TB) MDs and static density functional theory (DFT) calculations were carried out to further explore favorable configurations and to evaluate the energy barriers of the most promising reaction pathways for the peptide bond-formation reactions. The results confirmed the fundamental role played by the substrate to thermodynamically and kinetically favor the process and disclosed its main function as an immobilizing agent: the molecules accommodated in the surface channels close to each other were the ones starting the key events of the dimerization process and the most favorable mechanism was the one where a water molecule acted as a proton exchange mediator in the condensation process.

Association between valvuloarterial impedance after transcatheter aortic valve implantation and 2-year mortality in elderly patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis: the OCEAN-TAVI registry.

Pre-procedural valvuloarterial impedance (Zva) is considered as a useful predictor of mortality in patients diagnosed as having severe aortic stenosis (AS) who undergo transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). However, the prognostic significance of post-procedural Zva remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of Zva after TAVI. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical and echocardiographic data of 1004 consecutive elderly patients (median 84 years old, 27.5% men) who underwent TAVI for severe symptomatic AS. Zva was calculated after TAVI, and patients were divided into three groups based on tertile values: the high [> 3.33 (n = 335)], intermediate [2.49-3.33 (n = 334)], and low Zva groups [< 2.49 (n = 335)]. The estimated 2-year all-cause and cardiovascular mortalities using Kaplan-Meier analysis were 16.2% [95% confidence interval (CI) 11.8-20.4] and 5.9% (95% CI 3.2-8.6), respectively. There were no significant intergroup differences in each endpoint (long-rank p = 0.518 for all-cause mortality, p = 0.757 for cardiovascular mortality). Multivariable Cox regression analyzes with adjustments of patient characteristics and medications showed that the post-procedural Zva was not associated with the 2-year all-cause mortality [intermediate Zva group versus (vs.) low Zva group: adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 1.34, 95% CI 0.75-2.40, p = 0.316; high Zva group vs. low Zva group: aHR = 1.17, 95% CI 0.64-2.16, p = 0.613] and cardiovascular mortality (intermediate Zva group vs. low Zva group: aHR = 1.50, 95% CI 0.56-4.06, p = 0.421; high Zva group vs. low Zva group: aHR = 1.25, 95% CI 0.43-3.65, p = 0.682). Our results suggest that post-procedural Zva was not associated with 2-year all-cause or cardiovascular mortalities in patients with severe symptomatic AS who underwent TAVI.

Displacement Processes of 1-Adamanetanethiol Self-Assembled Monolayers on Au(111) by 1-Hexanethiol.

Displacement processes of pre-adsorbed 1-admanetanethiol (ADT) self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on Au(111) by 1-hexanethiol (HT) at room temperature were investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). Molecular-scale STM imaging clearly revealed that phase transitions from the (7 × 7) phase for ADT SAMs to the c(4 × 2) phase for HT SAMs via intermediate phase including bright aggregated islands and disordered phase. Moreover, it was found that ADT SAMs were completely displaced by HT molecules with a short hexyl chain within an hour. The CV measurements showed that cathodic peaks for SAM-modified Au(111) electrodes as a function of displacement time were varied with the structural change of displaced SAMs. Our results provide new insight into understanding the displacement processes of ADT SAMs on Au(111) by HT.

Solvent Effect on the Formation of Octaneselenocyanate Self-Assembled Monolayers on Au(111).

Solvent effect on the formation and electrochemical behavior of octaneselenolate (C8Se) self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on Au(111) derived from the adsorption of octaneselenocyanate (C8Se-CN) molecules in various solvents at 363 K for 1 h was examined by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). STM imaging clearly revealed that the formation and structure of C8Se SAMs were markedly influenced by the polarity of solvent. C8Se SAMs formed in octane were composed of liquid-like disordered phase. In contrast, C8Se SAMs formed in DMF had ordered domains but not a uniform surface, whereas C8Se SAMs formed in ethanol had uniform surface and highly ordered domains with a (2 × 2 √13) structure. It was found that the structural quality of C8Se SAMs increased with increasing solvent polarity in the order of ethanol > DMF > octane. CV measurements also showed that blocking efficiency of C8Se SAMs for electrode reaction increased with increasing the structural quality of SAMs.

The association between six month intra-dialytic resistance training and muscle strength or physical performance in patients with maintenance hemodialysis: a multicenter retrospective observational study.

BACKGROUND: Reduced muscle strength and physical performance are prevalent in patients of maintenance hemodialysis (MHD), and deleterious changes in these parameters are associated with increased mortality. METHODS: This retrospective observational study included 306 patients, who received a 6-month resistance exercise program during hemodialysis, three times per week on an outpatient basis. The training protocol consisted of two sets of 10 repetitions of knee extension, hip abduction, and hip flexion, using an elastic band in a sitting or supine position. Primary outcome measures included muscle strength, measured by percent knee extension muscle power to dry body weight (pKEMP-dBW), and physical performance, measured by short physical performance battery (SPPB). The adjusted mean differences in these variables during the 6 months were estimated using a multivariate linear regression model. RESULTS: The mean age with standard deviation was 70 ± 11 years. One hundred and sixty patients (52.3%) were men and the dry weight was 55.6 ± 11.3 kg. Sarcopenia, defined as SPPB ≤8, was present in 21.4% patients. Their hemodialysis adequacy was acceptable, with a Kt/V of 1.65 ± 0.29, and their nutritional status was good, with a normalized protein catabolism rate of 0.89 ± 0.18 g/kg/day. During the 6 months, both pKEMP-dBW and SPPB showed a slight but significant increase with an adjusted mean difference of 2.8 (95% confidence interval 1.3-4.3, p <  0.001) and 0.6 (0.4-0.9, p <  0.001), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Six-month resistance training was associated with improved muscle strength and physical performance in patients with MHD.