Preparation, characterization and properties of three different nanomaterials either alone or loaded with nystatin or fluconazole antifungals.

Engineered nanoparticles have enabled the development of novel uses, particularly in disease management. In this investigation, we synthesized and studied three distinct nanomaterials: solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNPs), chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs), and carbon nanotubes (CNTs), either alone or loaded with two antifungals, nystatin, and fluconazole. The purpose of this study is to investigate the different properties of the produced nanomaterials, either alone or in combination with antifungals. Drug release studies revealed that about 55% from SLNPs, 43% from CSNPs and 97% from CNTs of nystatin drug were released at the longest time point assessed (12 h). In addition, about 89% from SLNPs, 84% from CSNPs and 81% from CNTs of fluconazole drug were released at the longest time point assessed (12 h). This research will expand the understanding of nanomaterials as a viable technique for the management of different fungal diseases that harm several agricultural crops.

Exogenously applied ascorbic acid ameliorates detrimental effects of NaCl and mannitol stress in Vicia faba seedlings.

The adverse effects of either NaCl or mannitol on growth, nitrogen content, and antioxidant system in Vicia faba seedlings were investigated. The role of exogenous ascorbic acid in increasing resistance to these stressors was also evaluated. Thus, with an increase in concentration of either NaCl or mannitol in culture media, a progressively greater significant decrease in percentage germination, in growth parameters, and in nitrogen constituents of the germinating beans, was observed. On the other hand, amide-, nitrate-, and total soluble-N contents appeared to show a progressive significant increase. Exogenous addition of ascorbic acid (4 mM) to the stressful media induced a pronounced significantly increased percentage germination and the growth attributes, whereas nitrogen constituents were variably changed in relation to values maintained in beans treated with either NaCl or mannitol. Furthermore, exogenous addition of ascorbic acid to NaCl or mannitol media induced a significant increase in the contents of ascorbate and glutathione and enzymatic antioxidant activities, in particular, in beans treated with the three highest concentrations of NaCl or mannitol, throughout the period of the experiments (12 days). Thus, ascorbic acid ameliorates the adverse effects of the stressful media; the magnitude of amelioration being a function of the type and the concentration of the stressful agent as well as of the duration of treatment. The importance of the above-mentioned changes in growth and metabolism to stress tolerance in broad bean is discussed.