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1.
J Chem Technol Biotechnol ; 97(7): 1640-1654, 2022 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35463806

RESUMEN

The application of quantum dots (QDs) for detecting and treating various types of coronaviruses is very promising, as their low toxicity and high surface performance make them superior among other nanomaterials; in conjugation with fluorescent probes they are promising semiconductor nanomaterials for the detection of various cellular processes and viral infections. In view of the successful results for inhibiting SARS-CoV-2, functional QDs could serve eminent role in the growth of safe nanotherapy for the cure of viral infections in the near future; their large surface areas help bind numerous molecules post-synthetically. Functionalized QDs with high functionality, targeted selectivity, stability and less cytotoxicity can be employed for highly sensitive co-delivery and imaging/diagnosis. Besides, due to the importance of safety and toxicity issues, QDs prepared from plant sources (e.g. curcumin) are much more attractive, as they provide good biocompatibility and low toxicity. In this review, the recent developments pertaining to the diagnostic and inhibitory potentials of QDs against SARS-CoV-2 are deliberated including important challenges and future outlooks. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).

2.
J Res Med Sci ; 27: 81, 2022.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36438074

RESUMEN

Background: The aim of the present study was to investigate and compare the relationship between the anatomical distribution of pulmonary lesions in computed tomography scan of patients with COVID-19. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that was performed in 2020-2021 in Isfahan on 300 patients infected with COVID-19 pneumonia. We collected data on the age, gender, and comorbidities of patients. In addition, we gathered data on the clinical manifestations of the patients from their medical records. Results: We noted a significant decline in symptoms such as fever and sputum production in the second and third peak in comparison to the first peak (P < 0.05). Moreover, cough and muscular pain were higher in the second and third peaks compared to the first peak (P < 0.05). Cough was the most common clinical manifestation related to the peripheral distribution of the involvements, bilateral lung disease, and right lower lobe (RLL) involvements in the first peak. In the second COVID-19 peak, fever and cough were the most common clinical findings, respectively, that were mostly associated with peripheral distribution and left lower lobe involvement. Conclusion: Cough was the most common clinical manifestation related to the peripheral distribution of the involvements, bilateral lung disease, and RLL involvements in the first peak. In the second COVID-19 peak, fever and cough were the most common clinical findings.

4.
J Res Med Sci ; 25: 13, 2020.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32174985

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Currently, it is shown that pregnancy may have an impact on the thyroid that can be leading to pregnancy complications such as abortion, preeclampsia, and preterm delivery. The objective was to compare the thyroid volume, number and characteristics of thyroid nodules, and prevalence of diffuse thyroid diseases in a sample of Iranian pregnant women in the first trimester to nonpregnant women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This case-control study was conducted on 298 pregnant and 290 nonpregnant women. Thyroid volume, maximum diameter of thyroid nodules and prevalence of moderate to highly suspicious thyroid nodules, Hashimoto's appearance and goiter were assessed using thyroid ultrasonography. Antithyroperoxidase (TPO) antibodies were measured if the sonographic features were highly suggested for Hashimoto's thyroiditis. RESULTS: The mean of total thyroid volume in pregnant and nonpregnant women was 6 and 6.5 ml, respectively (P = 0.053), and the median (interquartile range) was 6.2 and 5.5, respectively. Nodules were observed in 16.4% of pregnant and 16.6% of nonpregnant women (P = 0.845). Hashimoto's thyroiditis was detected in 6.7% of pregnant and 12.4% of nonpregnant women (P = 0.013). Anti-TPO antibodies were detected in 5% of pregnant and 9.3% of nonpregnant women (P = 0.034). CONCLUSION: The thyroid volume and nodule characteristics in the first trimester of pregnancy were similar to nonpregnant women. Hashimoto's thyroiditis and anti-TPO antibodies in pregnant women were significantly lower than in nonpregnant women.

5.
Horm Metab Res ; 51(3): 165-171, 2019 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30861562

RESUMEN

The physiological changes during pregnancy modulate the endocrine system. Therefore, both the American and the European thyroid associations recommend the use of local trimester-specific reference intervals. The purpose of this study was to establish the first trimester reference intervals for thyroid function tests in the central area of Iran. We examined 436 pregnant women in their first trimester of pregnancy, and 444 non-pregnant women in a cross sectional study. Serum levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxin (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), thyroid peroxidase antibody, urinary iodine concentration (UIC), and thyroid volume were measured for all subjects. The first trimester-specific reference intervals (2.5th-97.5th percentile) were determined for 185 pregnant women and 256 non-pregnant women with negative TPOAb, adequate iodine level (UIC≥150 µg/l in pregnant and UIC≥100 µg/l in non-pregnant women), and normal thyroid examination. We calculated multiples of the median (MoM) for TFTs to normalize the obtained data. The first trimester-specific reference intervals of serum TSH, FT4, and FT3 for pregnant women were 0.20-4.60 mIU/l, 9.0-18.02 pmol/l, and 3.40-5.64 pmol/l, respectively, while the corresponding figures for non-pregnant women were 0.59-5.60 mIU/l, 9.52-19.30 pmol/l, and 3.70-5.55 pmol/l, respectively. The first and 99th percentile MoM of TSH in pregnant women in their first-trimester was 0.06-4.62. The local normal reference ranges for the first trimester of pregnancy in central region of Iran were different from the ranges suggested by the ATA.


Asunto(s)
Primer Trimestre del Embarazo/sangre , Tirotropina/sangre , Tiroxina/sangre , Triyodotironina/sangre , Adulto , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Embarazo , Valores de Referencia , Pruebas de Función de la Tiroides , Adulto Joven
6.
J Res Med Sci ; 22: 3, 2017.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28400825

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: This study was designed to determine the prevalence of concomitant anatomic variation of paranasal sinuses in patients with antrochoanal polyp (ACP). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Among patients referred by their clinicians for standard computed tomography scan of paranasal sinuses septal deviation, concha bullosa, and retention cyst were evaluated in both patients with ACP as well as in a control group. RESULTS: Of the 17 patients with ACP, fifteen patients (88.2%) had septal deviation and two patients (11.8%) had concha bullosa. None of the patients with ACP had retention cyst or hypertrophic turbinate. Of the 78 patients in control group, twenty-nine (37.2%) had septal deviation, six (7.7%) had concha bullosa, seven (8.9%) had retention cyst, and one (1.2%) had hypertrophic turbinate. Septal deviation in patients with ACP has higher incidence (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: This study showed that septal deviation is an anatomic variation which is significantly concomitant with ACP. Larger studies are needed to show the role of other anatomic variations in patients with ACP.

9.
J Res Med Sci ; 21: 62, 2016.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27904607

RESUMEN

Bilobed testicle is a very rare congenital malformation with an unknown etiology. Herein, we report an 18-year-old boy presented with a right-bilobed testicle mimicking a testicular tumor. The present case highlights the importance of considering bilobed testicle as a valuable differential diagnosis of testicular mass to prevent unnecessary surgery. Furthermore, the case could provide more information about presentation and management of bilobed testicle.

10.
J Res Med Sci ; 21: 129, 2016.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28331515

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The celiac axis, superior mesenteric artery (SMA), and hepatic artery are the most important branches of abdominal aorta due to their vascularization field. The aim of our study was to evaluate the prevalence of different anatomical variation of celiac axis, SMA, hepatic artery, and its branches with multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) angiography of upper abdomen arteries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MDCT of 607 kidney donor and traumatic patients that referred to MDCT unit at Al Zahra Hospital in Isfahan from 2012 to 2015 were retrospectively evaluated. We excluded patients with history of abdominal vascular surgery and hepatic or pancreatic surgery. Computed tomography images of the patient were obtained with 64-row MDCT scanner and anatomical variations were analyzed. RESULTS: Three hundred and eighty-eight (63.9%) of the 607 patients had classic arterial anatomy and 219 (36.1%) patients had variant types. The most common type of variation was the origin of the right hepatic artery (RHA) from SMA (9.6%), and the next common variation was the origin of the left hepatic artery (LHA) from the left gastric artery (6.9%). Variations in the origin of the common hepatic artery (CHA) were seen in 16 (2.6%) patients. Buhler arc was identified in two patients. The RHA originated from the celiac axis in 11 (1.8%) patients and from the aorta in 8 (1.3%) patients. Trifurcation of CHA into gastroduodenal artery, RHA, and LHA was detected in 11 (1.8%) patients. CONCLUSION: The results of the present study showed that anatomical variation occurs in a high percentage of patients. Detection of these variations can guide surgical and radiological interventional planning.

11.
J Res Med Sci ; 20(1): 89-92, 2015 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25767527

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Proper placement of central venous catheter (CVC) tip could reduce early and late catheter-related complications. Although the live fluoroscopy is standard of care for placement of the catheter, it is not available in many centers. Therefore, the present study evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of bedside chest X-ray (CXR) for proper positioning of the catheter tip. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 82 adult patients undergoing elective placement of tunneled CVC were enrolled in this study during 2010-2012. The catheter tip position was evaluated by postoperative bedside chest radiographs as well as trans-thoracic echocardiogram as definite diagnostic tool. The catheter position was considered correct if the tip was positioned in the right atrium both in CXR or echocardiography. Finally, CXRs interpreted by expert radiologist. Thus findings were compared by echocardiography. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive, and negative predictive values were calculated. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL), and P < 0.05 considered as significant. RESULTS: The patients were 57.37 ± 18.91 years of age, weighed 65.79 ± 15.58 kg and were 166.36 ± 9.91 cm tall. Sensitivity and specificity of CXR for proper catheter tip position were 74.3% and 58.3%, respectively. Positive and negative predictive values were 91.2% and 28%. In addition accuracy, positive likelihood ratio, and negative likelihood ratio were 71.9%, 1.78, and 2.27 respectively. CONCLUSION: Bedside CXR alone does not reliably predict malpositioning after CVC placement.

12.
J Res Med Sci ; 19(12): 1150-4, 2014 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25709656

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Magnetic resonance cholangiography (MRC) has gained popularity for diagnosing primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). We determined the accuracy of MRC compared with endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) for diagnosing PSC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective case-control study was conducted on patients referred to an outpatient gastroenterology clinic from 2001 to 2013. Patients with established diagnosis of PSC who had undergone MRC and ERC within a 6-month interval were included. Controls were selected from patients who had undergone imaging for reasons other than PSC evaluation. Disease outcome at the study time and liver biochemistry data at diagnosis and 1-year thereafter were retrieved. Diagnostic accuracy of MRC in comparison with ERC was evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 46 definite PSC patients (age at diagnosis = 36.8 ± 11.6 years, 33 male) were found. Diagnostic imaging for PSC was ERC alone in 12, MRC alone in 23, and ERC plus MRC in 11 patients. Controls were 89 patients mostly with bile stones. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative likelihood ratios of MRC was 90.9%, 95.5%, 20.23, and 0.10, respectively. Early PSC was found more frequently by MRC compared with ERC (30.4% vs. 8.3%, P = 0.146). No significant difference was found between imaging modalities with regards to patients' outcome (P = 0.786) or liver biochemistry at diagnosis or 1-year thereafter (P >0.05). CONCLUSION: Starting diagnostic imaging for PSC with MRC seems better and may provide diagnosis of PSC at its earlier phase. Further studies with larger sample of patients and longer follow-ups are warranted.

13.
Radiol Case Rep ; 19(6): 2125-2129, 2024 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38645541

RESUMEN

Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease caused by small intracellular aerobic Gram-negative bacilli. The literature has frequently documented instances of the gastrointestinal, hepatobiliary, and skeletal systems being involved. In 3%-5% of brucellosis patients, neurobrucellosis has been identified. Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a disorder of the peripheral nervous system. Acute peripheral neuropathy mimicking GBS caused by brucellosis is rarely reported. Our case is of a 34-year-old male presenting with a 3-week history of weakness in the upper limbs. There was a clear history of milk product consumption preceding the onset of symptoms. Examination showed paraesthesia and muscles paralysis. Brucellosis was confirmed via blood test, and GBS was confirmed via imaging and neuroelectrophysiological assessment. The patient was treated with plasma exchange (PLEX) and commenced on rifampicin, doxycycline and gentamicin during their hospitalization. The patient was discharged with a course of rifampicin and doxycycline to complete. In patients with acute paralysis and GBS-like symptoms, Imaging should be done in addition to serological tests for brucellosis.

14.
Am J Nucl Med Mol Imaging ; 14(2): 97-109, 2024.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38737646

RESUMEN

Infection with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is one of the most pressing issues facing public health on a worldwide scale. Currently, HIV-related lymphoma is the most common cause of death among people living with HIV, and warrants more attention. The unique challenges associated with HIV-related lymphoma management derive from the underlying HIV infection and its immunosuppressive effects. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) has gained significant prominence in the past few years as a valuable diagnostic and therapeutic instrument for the treatment of HIV-related lymphoma. This review will start with an overview of the subtypes, risk factors, and therapeutic choices for individuals with HIV-related lymphoma. We will then briefly discuss the current application of 18F-FDG PET/CT in the medical management of HIV-related lymphoma patients, followed by the initial staging of the disease, the evaluation of therapeutic response, the prediction of prognostic outcomes, the decision-making process for radiotherapy guided by PET findings, and the distinguishing of various diagnoses.

15.
J Res Med Sci ; 18(1): 31-6, 2013 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23900240

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The purpose of the present study is to determine the accuracy of magnetic resonance voiding cystourethrography (MRVCUG) for diagnosis of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in children and adolescents with recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: During the cross-sectional study from May 2009 to June 2011, 30 patients' (60 kidney-ureter units) MRVCUG findings by 1.5 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were compared with voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) findings in patients with urinary tract infection. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values for MRVCUG were calculated. FINDINGS: The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and accuracy for MRVCUG for detecting VUR were respectively 92.68% (95% CI: 80.57-97.48%), 68.42% (95% CI: 46.01-84.64%), 86.36% (95% CI: 71.95-94.33%), 81.25% (95% CI: 53.69-95.02%), and 85% (95% CI: 80.40-89.60%. The level of agreement between MRVCUG and VCUG findings for diagnosis VUR was very good (P < 0.001, according to Cohen's kappa value = 0.638). Studying correlation of low grade VUR (grade I and II) and high grade VUR (grade III-V) showed a very good agreement between MRVCUG and VCUG findings (P < 0.001, Cohen's kappa value = 0.754). CONCLUSION: MRVCUG could accurately reveal the presence and severity of VUR, especially in cases with high-grade (grade III-V) VUR in both children and adolescents.

16.
J Res Med Sci ; 18(4): 326-9, 2013 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24124431

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the association of apolipoprotein B (apoB), apolipoprotein A (apoA), and apoB/apoA ratio with the body fat indicators in patients with stable angina pectoris (SA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and twenty two participants aged 40-60 years old, with a mean age of 52.1 ± 7.2 years and SA, were recruited for the present study. Body weight, height, and waist circumference (WC) were measured, and waist to height ratio (WHtR) was calculated. After 12 hours of fasting, a blood sample was obtained and serum levels of apoB and apoA were measured and the apoB/apoA ratio was calculated. These patients underwent an abdominal computerized tomography scan (CTS) to assess visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue (VAT, SAT). Linear regressions were computed to assess the relation of apoB, apoA, and their ratio with various measurements of adiposity (VAT, SAT, WC, and WHtR), with adjustment for age, sex, and BMI ≥ 25, WC ≥ 80 in women and WC ≥ 90 in men and WHtR ≥ 0.59. RESULTS: From totally 123 patients with SA with a mean age of 52.1 ± 7.2 years, 44.7% male and 55.3% women were entered. Significant positive associations were found between visceral fat area and the apoB/apoA ratio (P = 0.02, ß = 0.2), and significant negative correlations were observed between visceral fat area and apoA concentrations (P = 0.04, ß = -0.2). CONCLUSION: As abdominal fat accumulation is associated with other risk factors such as apolipoproteins in ischemic patients, then we most focus on control of these factors.

17.
J Orthop ; 42: 17-23, 2023 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37449026

RESUMEN

Purpose: Understanding demographic and MRI parameters with determinant role in rotator cuff tearing (RCT) is required to predict outcomes and select more appropriate treatment in patients with non-traumatic shoulder pain. This study aimed to survey the association of rotator cuff tears with these factors. Methods: We performed this cross-sectional study on patients referred to Kashani Hospital with non-traumatic shoulder pain suspected of rotator cuff injuries from April 2020 to February 2021. We obtained their demographic data and MRI from electronic hospital records. After that, two radiologists reviewed MRI and recorded data. We employed the SPSS 23 software to organize the obtained results and statistical evaluations. Results: 371 subjects, with the age of 48.61 ± 14.89 years, were included in our study, and 50% of them were male. The flat and down-sloping acromion and partial tearing of the supra and infraspinatus tendons were more frequent than the others. Gender could not consider as a determinant factor for the severity of tendon injuries, acromion types and variants. The relation of age to acromion morphology and the tendinopathy severity was significant. Remarkably, down-sloping acromion was higher at all the acromion shapes; however, it makes no difference in the level of supra and infraspinatus involvement. Moreover, we found that partial tearing was higher in all acromion types, except concave. This distribution was significant only for supraspinatus tears. Conclusion: The clinical decision is the most important step in patients with RCT and MRI prognostic factors, which are helpful to improve the management of the cases. RCT in older patients and down-slope acromion was more severe than the others. According to the previous studies, acromion morphology (as an important determinant factor) in RCT could be influenced by age, as well.

18.
Am J Neurodegener Dis ; 12(3): 103-107, 2023.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37457839

RESUMEN

Hypomelanosis of Ito (HI) syndrome is a complex neuro-dermatological disorder that affects many organs in the body, including the skin, brain, eyes, and skeleton. This disease has been reported to present with seizures in a few rare cases. Seizures are seen in all age groups but are more common in children and the elderly. Virchow-Robin spaces (VRSs) are spaces around small arteries and the arteries that pierce the surface of the brain and are spread throughout the rest of the brain. As individuals age, the number and size of VRSs increase. A relationship between dilated VRSs and neuropsychiatric disorders has been observed above a 2 mm threshold. The patient is a 10-year-old child who was referred to the neurology ward of Imam Hossein Children's Hospital in Isfahan about 2.5 months ago due to seizures. The last seizure occurred four days before the visit, and the patient was sent for a brain computed tomography (CT) scan, which revealed diffuse bilateral hypopigmented lesions in the brain's white matter. The results of the para-clinical tests were relatively unremarkable. In the early stages of hospitalization, the child received treatment such as fluid therapy and anticonvulsant drugs to stabilize their vital condition. The patient's para-clinical tests, including brain CT, electroencephalogram, complete blood count, liver function test, and magnetic resonance imaging, showed the presence of HI syndrome and bilateral diffuse hypopigmented lesions in the white matter.

19.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38213796

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Patellofemoral osteoarthritis (PFOA) is a common cause of knee discomfort and impairment, particularly among athletes. The development of PFOA has been associated with anatomical knee variations, such as trochlear dysplasia and patella alta. However, the relationship between these anatomical variants and the development of PFOA remains poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the association between PFOA and knee anatomical variants in a cohort of patients. METHODS: The study included 200 patients with PFOA and 200 healthy controls. In this study, we investigate the relationship of osteoarthritis with both anatomical variants and demographic characteristics. The participants underwent Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluation of the knee, and anatomical variants including trochlear dysplasia and patella alta were assessed. The severity of PFOA was also graded based on cartilage area and depth, as well as the bone marrow involvement and presence of osteophytes. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of Tibial tuberosity-trochlear groove (TT-TG) distance, patella position, trochlear dysplasia, and Insall-Salvati ratio. The mean TT-TG distance, prevalence of alta patella position, and Insall-Salvati ratio were significantly higher in cases (P<0.001 for all), and cases had a higher incidence of trochlear dysplasia (P<0.001). There were no significant differences between cases and controls regarding patella baja. CONCLUSION: Anatomical knee variants, including the TT-TG distance, trochlear dysplasia, and Insall-Salvati ratio, are significant risk factors for PFOA progression. The results also indicate that higher BMI and older age are significantly associated with more measures of MRI Osteoarthritis Knee Score (MOAKS) than demographic information. Among anatomical variants, a higher TT-TG distance and an increased grade of trochlear dysplasia show a significant relationship with more measures of MOAKS. Understanding the relationship between these factors has important clinical and research implications and can help inform the development of new treatments.

20.
J Med Signals Sens ; 13(3): 208-216, 2023.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37622039

RESUMEN

Background: Computed tomography (CT) of the brain is associated with radiation exposure to the lens of the eyes. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize scan settings to keep radiation exposure as low as reasonably achievable without compromising diagnostic image information. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the five practical techniques for lowering eye radiation exposure and their effects on diagnostic image quality in pediatric brain CT. Methods: The following scan protocols were performed: reference scan, 0.06-mm Pbeq bismuth shield, 30% globally lowering tube current (GLTC), reducing tube voltage (RTV) from 120 to 90 kVp, gantry tilting, and combination of gantry tilting with bismuth shielding. Radiation measurements were performed using thermoluminescence dosimeters. Objective and subjective image quality was evaluated. Results: All strategies significantly reduced eye dose, and increased the posterior fossa artifact index and the temporal lobe artifact index, relative to the reference scan. GLTC and RTV increased image noise, leading to a decrease signal-to-noise ratio and contrast-to-noise ratio. Except for bismuth shielding, subjective image quality was relatively the same as the reference scan. Conclusions: Gantry tilting may be the most effective method for reducing eye radiation exposure in pediatric brain CT. When the scanner does not support gantry tilting, GLTC might be an alternative.

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