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This study aimed to determine the influence of obesity, according to body mass index (BMI) and fat mass percentage, on quadriceps muscle reaction times. The study utilized a cross-sectional design. The sample size consisted of 42 schoolchildren (54.5% girls) aged 11 to 12 years old. Participant measurements included weight and height, which were used to categorize individuals based on BMI. Additionally, the electrical bioimpedance technique was employed to categorize participants based on their body fat percentage. A sudden destabilization test of the lower limb was performed to assess the reaction time of the rectus femoris, vastus medialis, and vastus lateralis muscles. The results show that overweight/obese children have a longer muscle reaction time for both the rectus femoris (ß = 18.13; p = 0.048) and the vastus lateralis (ß = 14.51; p = 0.042). Likewise, when the children were classified by percentage of body fat the results showed that overfat/obese children have a longer muscle reaction time for both the rectus femoris (ß = 18.13; p = 0.048) and the vastus lateralis (ß = 14.51; p = 0.042). Our results indicate that BMI and fat mass classification negativity alter the muscle reaction time in children. Overweight/obese or overfat/obese children showed longer reaction times in the rectus femoris and vastus lateralis muscles compared to children with normal weight. Based on these findings, it is suggested that in overweight and obese children, efforts not only focus on reducing body weight but that be complemented with training and/or rehabilitation programs that focus on preserving the normal physiological function of the musculoskeletal system.
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Obesidad Infantil , Músculo Cuádriceps , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Sobrepeso , Tiempo de Reacción , Estudios TransversalesRESUMEN
This overview assessed the available body of published peer-reviewed systematic reviews and meta-analyses related to the effects of active exergames compared with active/passive control on physical performance outcomes in older people. The methodological quality and certainty of evidence were assessed using PRISMA, AMSTAR 2, and GRADE. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (code: CRD42023391694). The main outcomes indicate that 4,477 records, five systematic reviews, and 10 meta-analyses were included. The AMSTAR-2 reported six meta-analyses with high methodological quality, four moderate quality, two systematic reviews with low quality, and three very-low quality. Meta-analysis was performed on balance using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and Timed Up-and-Go (TUG) tests, on cardiorespiratory fitness using the 6-min walk test, and on upper and lower limbs muscle strength using the handgrip strength, knee extension, and 30-s chair stand tests. Significant differences in favor of the active exergames groups concerning active/passive groups were reported in BBS (SMD = 0.85; 95% CI = 0.12-1.58; I2 = 96%; p = 0.02), TUG (SMD = 1.44; 95% CI = 0.71-2.16; I2 = 97%; p < 0.0001), and 30-s chair stand test (SMD = 0.79; 95% CI = 0.33-1.25; I2 = 88%; p = 0.0008). However, no significant differences were reported in favor of the active exergames groups in 6-min walk (SMD = 0.93; 95% CI = -0.64 to 2.50; I2 = 95%; p = 0.24), handgrip strength (SMD = 0.67; 95% CI = -0.04 to 1.38; I2 = 84%; p = 0.06), and knee extension tests (SMD = 0.20; 95% CI = -0.05 to 0.44; I2 = 95%; p = 0.12) compared to active/passive control. However, it was impossible to perform a meta-analysis for the variables of walking speed as a fall risk due to the diversity of instruments and the small number of systematic reviews with meta-analysis. In conclusion, interventions utilizing active exergames have shown significant improvements in the static and dynamic balance and lower limb muscle strength of apparently healthy older people, compared to control groups of active/inactive participants, as measured by BBS, TUG, and 30-s chair stand tests. However, no significant differences were found in the 6-min walk, HGS, and knee extension tests. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO, CRD42023391694.
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Rendimiento Físico Funcional , Equilibrio Postural , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Humanos , Capacidad Cardiovascular/fisiología , Ejercicio Físico/fisiología , Fuerza Muscular/fisiología , Equilibrio Postural/fisiología , Revisiones Sistemáticas como Asunto , Juegos de Video , Metaanálisis como AsuntoRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: This systematic review aimed to analyze the available body of published peer-reviewed studies on the effects of combat sports compared with active/passive control on cognitive function and electrophysiological markers of brain activity in older people. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: The studies were searched in Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO databases from deadline to June 2023. The PRISMA, TESTEX, RoB, and GRADE scales assessed the evidence's methodological quality and certainty of evidence. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (code: CRD42022361695). EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: After reviewing 3768 studies, seven combat sports interventions (score ≥60% in methodological quality) were selected, composed of 381 older people (63% female), with a mean age of 66 years. In the selected studies, interventions based on judo, karate, and taekwondo were carried out, where it was not possible to verify the benefits of combat sports in cognitive function and electrophysiological markers of brain activity regarding active/passive control groups, although the individual results of the analyzed studies indicate that the practice of combat sports favor selective attention, divided attention, executive function, visual perception, and cognitive processing speed in older people. CONCLUSIONS: The available evidence does not allow a definite recommendation regarding combat sports as an effective cognitive function intervention in older people.
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Cognición , Artes Marciales , Anciano , Humanos , Función Ejecutiva , Artes Marciales/fisiología , Percepción VisualRESUMEN
SUMMARY: The appropriate dosage of resistance training could promote physical and physiological adaptations and decrease injuries. The aim of the study was to analyze the effects of the different intra-set rest after eight weeks of resistance training on morphological variables, maximal strength, and jump performance in physically active university students. Twenty-five students (15 men and 10 women) were randomized by sex and distributed in Control Group (CG) (n=8) with rest only at the end of the series; Experimental Group 1 (EG1) (n=9) with an intra-set rest of 30 s, and Experimental Group 2 (EG2) (n=8) with four intra-set rest of 10 s. Morphological variables [body weight, bipedal height, body mass index (BMI), fat mass and muscle mass], maximum upper body strength (bench press and military press), lower body strength [parallel squat (45°) and deadlift], as well as countermovement jump (CMJ) were measured. All three groups obtained a significant increase (p0.05); thereby, there is an equivalent increase in muscle mass, maximal strength, jump performance, and a fat mass reduction.
RESUMEN: La dosificación adecuada de ejercicios de resistencia muscular permite favorecer adaptaciones físicas y fisiológicas, y reducir lesiones. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar los efectos de distintos tiempos de descanso intra-serie luego de ocho semanas de ejercicios de resistencia muscular sobre variables morfológicas, fuerza máxima y saltabilidad en estudiantes universitarios físicamente activos. Veinticinco estudiantes (15 hombres y 10 mujeres) fueron aleatorizados por sexo y distribuidos en: grupo control (GC) (n=8) con descanso sólo al final de la serie; grupo experimental 1 (GE1) (n=9) con un descanso intra-serie de 30 s y grupo experimental 2 (GE2) (n=8) con cuatro descansos intra-serie de 10 s. Se midieron variables morfológicas [peso corporal, estatura bípeda, índice de masa corporal (IMC), masa adiposa y masa muscular], fuerza máxima del tren superior (press de banco plano y press militar) e inferior [sentadilla paralela (45°) y peso muerto] y saltabilidad con el salto contramovimiento (CMJ). Se obtuvo un aumento significativo (p<0,01) del peso corporal e IMC y, una reducción significativa (p<0,01) de la masa adiposa en los tres grupos. La masa muscular aumentó significativamente (p<0,01) en el GC y GE1. La fuerza máxima del tren superior e inferior aumentaron significativamente (p<0,05) en los tres grupos y para todos los ejercicios, mientras que el CMJ aumentó significativamente en el GC y GE1. No existen diferencias significativas entre distintos tiempos de descanso intra-serie cuando se utiliza el mismo volumen, intensidad y descanso total durante las series de ejercicios, logrando un aumento equivalente en masa muscular, fuerza máxima, saltabilidad y reducción de la masa adiposa.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Descanso , Estudiantes , Ejercicio Físico , Antropometría , Fuerza Muscular , Entrenamiento de Fuerza , Universidades , Índice de Masa CorporalRESUMEN
SUMMARY: High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is zed by achieving similar effects to conventional physical and physiological training in a shorter time, allowing its dissemination in the sports field. The present study was aimed to analyze the effects of a HIIT program on body composition and general and specific physical fitness in Chilean female field hockey players. Experimental, repeated measures, simple blind, parallel groups, and a quantitative approach were used. The participants were randomized, and distributed into a control group (CG; n= 10) that maintained regular field hockey training and an experimental group (EG; n= 10) that also received complementary training with HIIT. Body composition (muscle mass and adipose mass), general physical fitness (jump performance with countermovement jump [CMJ] and maximum oxygen consumption [VO2max] were evaluated with the test Course-Navette), and specific physical fitness (pushing speed, dribbling speed, and shooting accuracy) were assessed with established protocols. Pre- and post-intervention comparisons were made with Student's t and Wilcoxon tests, considering p<0.05. The main results indicate that the EG presented a significant increase in muscle mass (p = 0.024; d = 0.62), CMJ (p = 0.005; d = 1.10), VO2max (p = 0.001; d = 1.58) and a significant reduction in adipose mass (p = 0.023; d = 0.36) and time in pushing speed (p = 0.028; d = 0.79). The CG did not present significant changes in any of the variables analyzed, and no significant differences were reported between the groups. In conclusion, eight weeks of HIIT significantly increases muscle mass, jump performance, and VO2max and significantly reduces adipose mass and time in pushing speed in Chilean female field hockey players.
RESUMEN: El entrenamiento intervalado de alta intensidad (EIAI) se caracteriza por conseguir en un menor tiempo efec- tos similares al entrenamiento convencional a nivel físico y fisiológico, lo que ha permitido su difusión en el ámbito deportivo. El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar los efectos de un programa de EIAI sobre la composición corporal, condición física general y específica en mujeres chilenas que practican hockey césped. Estudio experimental, de medidas repetidas, simple ciego, grupos paralelos y enfoque cuantitativo. Las participantes fueron aleatorizadas y distribuidas en grupo control (GC; n=10) que mantuvo los entrenamientos regulares de hockey césped y grupo experimental (GE; n=10) que además recibió de complemento EIAI. Se evaluó la composición corporal (masa muscular y masa adiposa), condición física general (capacidad de salto con el salto contra movimiento [CMJ] y consumo máximo de oxígeno [VO2máx] con la prueba Course de Navette) y condición física específica (velocidad de empuje, velocidad de dribling y precisión de tiro) con protocolos establecidos. Se realizaron comparaciones pre y post intervención con las pruebas t de Student y Wilcoxon, considerando un p<0,05. Los principales resultados indican que el GE presentó un aumento significativo de la masa muscular (p=0,024; d=0,62), CMJ (p=0,005; d=1,10), VO2máx (p=0,001; d=1,58) y, una reducción significativa, de la masa adiposa (p=0,023; d=0,36) y del tiempo en la velocidad de empuje (p=0,028; d=0,79). El GC no presentó cambios significativos en ninguna de las variables analizadas, mientras que no se reportaron diferencias significativas entre los grupos. En conclusión, ocho semanas de EIAI aumentan significativamente la masa muscular, capacidad de salto y VO2máx, además de reducir significativamente la masa adiposa y el tiempo en la velocidad de empuje en mujeres chilenas que practican hockey césped.
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Humanos , Femenino , Composición Corporal , Rendimiento Atlético , Entrenamiento de Intervalos de Alta Intensidad , Hockey , Consumo de Oxígeno , Antropometría , Aptitud FísicaRESUMEN
RESUMEN Introducción: La pandemia por la COVID-19 ha generado distanciamiento social, lo cual provoca disminución de la práctica de actividad física y menor calidad de vida relacionada con la salud. Objetivo: Relacionar el nivel de actividad física con la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud, en adolescentes, durante el confinamiento por la COVID-19. Métodos: Estudio transversal que evaluó 184 estudiantes (61,4 % mujeres) con una edad media de 13,97 + 1,69 años, residentes en la región del Maule, Chile. Se emplearon dos encuestas de autoaplicación, la versión corta del Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física y la versión validada en población chilena, del KIDDO-KINDL. Resultados: Se presentó correlación directa y significativa entre el tiempo total de actividad física leve con la autoestima (p= 0,043) y, entre el tiempo total sentado con el bienestar emocional (p= 0,025), autoestima (p= 0,014), escuela (p= 0,031) y puntaje total de calidad de vida (p= 0,006) para el total de la muestra. Solo las mujeres presentaron correlación (p< 0,05) entre el tiempo total sentado con la familia, escuela y puntaje total de calidad de vida. Además, se encontraron diferencias significativas (p< 0,05) en el tiempo total de actividad física moderada, escuela y puntaje total de calidad de vida a favor de los hombres. Conclusión: Existe relación entre el tiempo total de actividad física con la autoestima y, entre el tiempo total sentado con el bienestar emocional, autoestima, escuela y puntaje total de calidad de vida en adolescentes durante el confinamiento por la COVID-19.
ABSTRACT Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has generated social distancing, causing a decrease in the practice of physical activity and a lower health-related quality of life. Objective: To relate the level of physical activity with health-related quality of life in youth, during COVID-19 lockdown. Methods: Cross-sectional study that evaluated 184 students (61,4 % female) with a mean age of 13,97 + 1,69 years, residing in the Maule region, Chile. Two self-application surveys were applied, with the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and the valid version in the Chilean population of the KIDDO-KINDL. Results: There was a direct and significant correlation between the total time of mild physical activity with self-esteem (p= 0,043) and, between the total sitting time with emotional well-being (p= 0,025), self-esteem (p= 0,014), school (p= 0,031), and total quality of life score (p= 0,006) for the total sample. Only females showed a correlation (p< 0,05) between total time sitting with family, school, and total quality of life score. In addition, significant differences (p< 0,05) were found in the total time of moderate physical activity, school, and total quality of life score in favor of males. Conclusion: There is a relationship between the total time of physical activity with self-esteem and between the total sitting time with emotional well-being, self-esteem, school, and total quality of life score in youth during COVID-19 lockdown.
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Resumen El propósito del estudio fue determinar la potencia relativa del miembro inferior y actividad electromiográfica de superficie (EMGs) del glúteo mayor (GM), vasto medial (VM), vasto lateral (VL) y gastrocnemio lateral (GASLAT), durante un salto contramovimiento (CMJ) y un salto Abalakov (ABK). Un total de 24 voleibolistas universitarios se dividieron en dos grupos iguales asignados por el nivel de competencia: el grupo 1 (G1), compuesto por voleibolistas de 1ª división universitaria y el grupo 2 (G2), compuesto por voleibolistas de 2ª división universitaria. Cada uno fue sometido a dos evaluaciones simultáneas de potencia y EMGs. Para la potencia se utilizó un sistema de grabación en 2D, por medio de un seguimiento del trocánter mayor con una cámara de 250 fps. Esta grabación se sometió a una medición por medio de software (Tracker), para obtener los valores de potencia absoluta. La EMGs se realizó por medio de un electromiógrafo Delsys Trigno en los músculos GM, VM, VL y GASLAT. Se presentaron diferencias significativas en %PeakRMS del VL (G1=65.210.2; G2=54.0±11.7 %PeakRMS; p0.05) y ABK (p>0.05). G.=50.6±7.2 %PeakRMS; p0.05) y ABK (p>0.05).
Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the relative power of lower limbs and the surface electromyographic activity (EMG) of the gluteus maximus (GM), vastus medialis (VM), vastus lateralis (VL), and lateral gastrocnemius (GASLAT) during a countermovement jump (CMJ) and an Abalakov jump (ABK). Twenty-four college volleyball players were divided into two equal groups assigned by division: Group 1 (G1), comprised of volleyball players from the 1st university division, and Group 2 (G2), comprised of volleyball players from the 2nd university division. Both groups took two simultaneous EMG and power assessments. For the power assessment, a 2D recording system was used to track the greater trochanter with a 250fps camera. The video was analyzed with the Tracker 4.96 software to obtain absolute power values. The EMG activity was measured using a Delsys Trigno® electromyograph in the GM, VM, VL, and GASLAT muscles. Significant differences were found in %PeakRMS of VL (G1=65.210.2; G2=54.0±11.7 %PeakRMS; p 0.05) and ABK (p>0.05).
Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar a potência relativa do membro inferior e atividade eletromiográfica (EMG) de superfície do glúteo máximo (GM), vasto medial (VM), vasto lateral (VL) e gastrocnêmio lateral (GASLAT) durante um salto contramovimento (CMJ) e um salto Abalakov (ABK). No total foram 24 jogadores de vôlei universitários divididos em dois grupos iguais, determinados pelo nível de competição: o grupo 1 (G1), composto por jogadores de 1ª divisão universitária e o grupo 2 (G2), composto por jogadores de vôlei de 2ª divisão universitária. Cada um foi submetido a duas avaliações simultâneas de potência e EMG de superfície. Para a potência foi utilizada um sistema de gravação 2D, por meio de um segmento do trocânter maior com uma câmara de 250 Fps. Essa gravação foi submetida a uma medição por meio de software (Tracker), para obter os valores de potência absoluta. A EMG de superfície foi realizada por meio do aparelho de eletromiografia Delsys Trigno nos músculos GM, VM, VL e GASLAT. Houve diferenças significativas em %PeakRMS do VL (G1=65,210,2; G2=54,0±11,7 %PeakRMS; p0,05) e ABK (p>0,05).
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Humanos , Femenino , Adulto , Electromiografía , Voleibol , EstudiantesRESUMEN
Abstract Introduction: Physical activity is important for achieving healthy aging. Objective: To analyze changes in anthropometric parameters and physical fitness among Chilean older adults after participating in a 16-week physical activity program and to evaluate whether there were differences in relation to their baseline nutritional status or not. Materials and methods: Pre-experimental quantitative study. The study population consisted of 176 older adults (155 women and 21 men) distributed in three groups: normal weight (n = 56), overweight (n=67) and obese (n = 53). The following variables were evaluated: body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHR) and physical fitness. Results: Significant decreases between pre- and post-measurements were found for WC (p<0.001), BMI (p=0.015), and WHR (p<0.001). Improvements were observed in the following tests: chair stand (p<0.001), arm curl (p<0.001), 2-min step (p<0.001), chair sit-&-reach (p=0.018) and back scratch (p=0.014). Regarding BMI, significant changes were observed between normal weight vs. overweight participants (p=0.001) and between normal weight vs. obese participants (p=0.001). Conclusion: Older adult participants that regularly attended the physical activity program were able to reduce their WC, BMI and WHR, and also improved their physical-functional performance on the chair stand, arm curl, 2-min step, chair sit-&-reach and back scratch tests. In addition, anthropometric parameters and physical fitness also improved regardless of their baseline nutritional status.
Resumen Introducción. La actividad física es de gran importancia para lograr un envejecimiento saludable. Objetivos. Estudiar los cambios en los parámetros antropométricos y la condición física de adultos mayores (AM) chilenos después de 16 semanas de participación en un programa de actividad física, y evaluar las diferencias en relación con su estado nutricional inicial. Materiales y métodos. Estudio pre-experimental cuantitativo. Población: 176 AM (155 mujeres y 21 hombres) distribuidos en 3 grupos: normopesos (n = 56), sobrepesos (n=67) y obesos (n = 53). Se evaluaron las siguientes variables: índice de masa corporal (IMC), perímetro de cintura (PC), índice cintura-estatura (ICE) y condición física. Resultados. Se observaron reducciones significativas en PC (p<0.001), IMC (p=0.015) e ICE (p<0.001), y mejoras en las siguientes pruebas: sentarse y levantarse de una silla (p<0.001), flexiones del codo (p<0.001), dos minutos de marcha (p<0.001), flexión del tronco en silla (p=0.018) y juntar las manos tras la espalda (p=0.014). Se encontraron diferencias significativas respecto al IMC entre participantes normopesos y sobrepesos (p=0.001), y entre normopesos y obesos (p=0.001). Conclusión. Los AM que participaron regularmente en el programa de actividad física lograron reducir su PC, IMC e ICE y mejorar su rendimiento físico-funcional en las pruebas de sentarse y levantarse de una silla, flexiones de codo, dos minutos de marcha, y flexibilidad del tren inferior y superior. Además, sus parámetros antropométricos y su condición física mejoraron independientemente de su estado nutricional inicial.
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This review analyzes the effects of high intensity interval training (HIIT) on muscle and cardiovascular fitness and body composition in teenagers. A search was carried out in international databases, finding 145 papers and selecting five for analysis. In all the reviewed manuscripts, peak oxygen uptake improved after HIIT. In the three manuscripts that measured muscle strength, it also increased. We conclude that HIIT improves muscle strength and cardiovascular fitness in school age children. A 12 weeks protocol with three 12-minute sessions per week would be ideal.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adolescente , Entrenamiento de Intervalos de Alta Intensidad/métodos , Consumo de Oxígeno/fisiología , Composición Corporal/fisiología , Fenómenos Fisiológicos Cardiovasculares , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados como Asunto , Fuerza Muscular/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Sedentarism, overweight and malnutrition generate an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species leading to a state of chronic oxidative stress. In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, oxidative stress alters pancreatic insulin secretion and the actions of the hormone on target cells, contributing to the development of micro and macrovascular complications. During physical exertion a state of transient oxidative stress occurs. As a consequence, the organism generates multiple physiological adaptations to these repetitive stimuli. Physical exercise is beneficial for type 2 diabetes mellitus but there is a paucity of information about the effects of physical exercise on biomarkers of oxidative stress in patients with the disease. We herein try to elucidate if the effects of exercise on oxidative stress can help in the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and which is the most effective modality of physical exercise to reduce oxidative stress markers.
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Humanos , Ejercicio Físico/fisiología , Estrés Oxidativo/fisiología , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/terapia , Adaptación Fisiológica , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/fisiopatología , Terapia por EjercicioRESUMEN
RESUMEN: El objetivo del estudio fue determinar el somatotipo de atletas de Taekwondo del Centro de Entrenamiento Regional (CER) de Valparaíso, Chile. Se evaluaron a los primeros cuatro clasificados según sexo (8 deportistas en total), hombres (18,75 ± 2,62 años) y mujeres (18,50 ± 1,91 años), competidores activos a nivel nacional e internacional en la disciplina deportiva. Para la evaluación se consideraron las normas establecidas por la International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK) y el grupo español de Cineantropometría (GREC). Los materiales utilizados fueron el kit Innovare básico CESCORF®, tallímetro y balanza TANITA®. Para determinar el somatotipo se consideró la propuesta de Heath & Carter. Los resultados encontrados muestran en el género masculino una clasificación del somatotipo de mesomorfo balanceado (2,5-4,0-3,0), mientras que en el género femenino se clasificó como mesomorfo - endomorfo (3,3-3,6-2,3). Se concluye que en ambos géneros predomina el componente mesomorfia, las mujeres presentan un mayor nivel de endomorfia y un menor desarrollo de la mesomorfia en comparación con los hombres.
SUMMARY: The aim of the study was to determine the somatotype of taekwondo athletes at the Regional Training Center (CER) in Valparaíso, Chile. The first four were classified according to sex (8 athletes in total), men (18.75 ± 2.62 years) and women (18.50 ± 1.91 years), all of them active competitors in the discipline nationally and internationally. For the evaluation, the standards established by the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK) and the Spanish Group of Cineanthropometry (GREC) were considered. The materials used were CESCORF® basic Innovare kit, TANITA® weight/height scale. To determine the somatotype, the Heath & Carter proposal was considered. The results showed that in men a classification of the somatotype of balanced mesomorph (2.5-4.0- 3.0), while in women it was classified as mesomorphic - endomorphic (3,3-3,6 - 2,3). It is concluded that in both sexes the mesomorphic component predominates, women present a higher level of endomorphy and a lower development of mesomorphy compared to men.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adolescente , Adulto Joven , Artes Marciales , Somatotipos , Chile , Caracteres SexualesRESUMEN
This study conducted a bibliometric analysis focused on collaboration patterns and topics represented on taekwondo articles published on Web of Science until 2016. Bibliographic information was retrieved from documents and then classified according to research area, subject and topic, and characteristics of authorship and collaboration patterns were calculated. Results showed a total of 340 articles, 304 of which had multiple authors. Life Sciences and Biomechanics were the most important research area and subject respectively. Pieter was the most prolific author while Capranica obtained the highest collaboration index. In conclusion, (1) the relevance of a sporting approach to taekwondo has been corroborated through the analysis of research areas, subjects, topics, and journals' orientation and citation scores; (2) research on taekwondo has been strongly based on collaboration among authors, institutions and countries
O objetivo foi desenvolver uma análise bibliométrica sobre padrões de colaboração e temas representados em artigos sobre taekwondo publicados na Web of Science até 2016. A informação bibliográfica de documentos foi recuperada. Em seguida, foram classificados em relação à área de pesquisa, assunto e tópico e calculadas as características de autoria e padrões de colaboração. Um total de 340 artigos foram encontrados, 304 de autoria múltipla. Ciências da Vida e Biomecânica foram a área de pesquisa e a disciplina mais importantes respectivamente. Pieter foi o autor mais prolífico enquanto Capranica obteve o maior índice de colaboração. Em conclusão, (1) a relevância da abordagem esportiva de taekwondo foi corroborada através da análise de áreas de pesquisa, disciplinas, temas, orientação e pontuações de citação das revistas; e (2) a pesquisa de taekwondo baseou-se fortemente na colaboração entre autores, instituições e países
El objetivo fue desarrollar un análisis bibliométrico centrado en los patrones de colaboración y temas representados en los artículos de taekwondo publicados en la Web of Science hasta 2016. Se recuperó la información bibliográfica de los documentos. Luego se clasificaron en relación al área de investigación, disciplina y tema, y calcularon las características de la autoría y patrones de colaboración. Los resultados mostraron 340 artículos en total, 304 en coautoría. Ciencias de la Vida y Biomecánica fueron el área de investigación y la disciplina más representadas respectivamente. Pieter fue el autor más prolífico mientras que Capranica obtuvo el índice de colaboración más alto. En conclusión, (1) la relevancia del enfoque deportivo del taekwondo fue corroborado a través del análisis de las áreas de investigación, disciplinas, temas, orientación y cifras de citación de las revistas; y (2) la investigación estuvo basada fundamentalmente en la colaboración entre autores, instituciones y países
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Bibliometría , Artes Marciales , Indicadores de Producción Científica , DocentesRESUMEN
Resumen: Objetivo: Asociar los índices antropométricos de salud con la condición física de las mujeres mayores (MM) que participan en talleres de ejercicio físico. Material y métodos: Participaron 272 mujeres chilenas mayores de 60 años. Las variables correspondieron al IMC, perímetro de cintura (PC), índice cintura estatura (ICE) y condición física (CF). Se realizaron correlaciones a través del coeficiente de Pearson o Spearman, y asociaciones bivariadas mediante ji cuadrada de Pearson y el test exacto de Fisher, considerando un p<0.05. Resultados: De las MM, 70.8% alcanzó sobrepeso u obesidad; y 68.8% y 96% riesgo cardiometabólico de acuerdo con PC e ICE, respectivamente. Su CF presentó un rendimiento igual (53.5%) o superior (33.8%) según su edad y sexo. Se encontraron correlaciones inversas entre estado nutricional y riesgo cardiometabólico con las pruebas de CF (excepto la agilidad y equilibrio dinámico, en donde la relación fue directa), y asociación directa con juntar manos. Conclusiones: El exceso de peso en MM físicamente activas no afecta su rendimiento físico-funcional; sin embargo, el riesgo cardiometabólico se asocia inversamente con la funcionalidad motriz.
Abstract: Objective: To associate health anthropometric indexes with physical fitness of elderly women (EW) who participate in physical exercise workshops. Materials and methods: 272 Chilean women over 60 years took part in the study. The variables studied were BMI, waist circumference (WC), waist-height index (WHI) and physical fitness (PF). Correlations were made through the Pearson or Spearman coefficient, and bivariate associations using Pearson's Chi-square and the Fisher's exact test, considering p<0.05. Results: 70.8% of the EW were overweight or obese; 68.8% and 96% were at cardiometabolic risk due to their WC and WHI, respectively. Their PF showed equal performance (53.5%) or higher (33.8%) according to their age and gender. Inverse correlations were found between nutritional status and cardiometabolic risk with PF tests (except for agility and dynamic balance [direct]), and direct association with back scratch test. Conclusions: Excess weight in physically active EW would not affect their physical-functional performance; however, cardiometabolic risk would be inversely associated with motor function.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Ejercicio Físico , Antropometría , Aptitud Física , Índice de Masa Corporal , Chile , Estado Nutricional , Riesgo , Estudios Transversales , Sobrepeso/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Los cambios demográficos y sociales están produciendo un incremento progresivo de las personas de más de 60 años a nivel mundial, situación que no es distinta en Chile, por lo que estudiar variables relacionadas con este grupo de la población se vuelve importante. En este sentido, la presente investigación tiene por objetivo conocer el perfil antropométrico y condición física de jugadores veteranos de basquetbol (JVB). El tipo de investigación contempla un diseño descriptivo, transversal, con un enfoque cuantitativo. La muestra seleccionada incluyó a 30 JVB (edad 66,7±6,8 años) pertenecientes a la liga de la Asociación de Básquetbol Sénior de la Región de la Araucanía, Chile. Las variables dependientes estudiadas corresponden a la composición corporal, somatotipo y condición física (fuerza, resistencia aeróbica, flexibilidad, agilidad y equilibrio dinámico). Los resultados indican que los JVB mostraron un componente endomórfico, mesomórfico y ectomórfico de 4,1, 6,1 y 1,0, respectivamente, clasificándolos como meso-endomorfos, con una masa muscular de 45% y masa grasa de 24,5%. La condición física de los JVB presentó un rendimiento igual (40% de los JVB) o superior (40% de los JVB) al esperado según edad y sexo. En conclusión, los JVB poseen un perfil antropométrico y condición física favorable de acuerdo a su edad y sexo, sugiriendo que la práctica sistemática de básquetbol permitiría impactar positivamente sobre la composición corporal y el rendimiento físico-funcional en adultos mayores, sin embargo se requiere de mayor investigación para poder afirmarlo.
The demographic and social changes are causing a gradual increase in people over 60 years worldwide, situation thar is similar in Chile, so the study of variables related to this group of the population becomes important. In this regard, the aim of this study is to determine the anthropometric and physical fitness profile of senior basketball players (SBP). This is a descriptive, cross-sectional, quantitative research. The sample included 30 SBP (age 66.7±6.8 years) belonging to the league of the Senior Basketball Association of the Araucanía Region, Chile. The dependent variables studied correspond to body composition, somatotype and fitness (strength, endurance, flexibility, agility and dynamic balance). Results indicate that the SBP showed endomorphic, mesomorphic and ectomorphic values of 4.1, 6.1 and 1.0, respectively, as meso-endomorphs with a muscle mass of 45% and body fat of 24.5%. Compared to age and sex counterparts, SBP exhibit equal (40% of SBP) or even higher (40% of SBP) values for physical fitness perfomance variables. In conclusion, SBP have a favorable anthropometric and physical fitness profile for their age and sex, suggesting that the systematic practice of basketball would have a positive impact on body composition and physical fitness-function in older adults, however more experimental research is needed to corroborate this.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Antropometría , Baloncesto , Aptitud Física , Composición Corporal , Estudios Transversales , SomatotiposRESUMEN
Las publicaciones referidas a personas con discapacidad visual que practican Goalball son escasas, dado a estudiar otros grupos de la población o bien por razones que se desconocen. El objetivo de esta investigación fue medir el somatotipo, composición corporal, estado nutricional y condición física por aspectos estructurales y funcionales en personas con discapacidad visual que practican Goalball en la región de la Araucanía. El tipo de investigación contempla un diseño no experimental, descriptivo, transversal, con un enfoque cuantitativo. La población estuvo constituida por 14 deportistas de Goalball de la región de la Araucanía, Chile. La muestra fue seleccionada bajo un criterio probabilístico, que incluyo a 11 personas, todos hombres (edad 42,36±14,46 años), en relación al peso y estatura la media fue de 74,76±10,36 kg y 1,695±0,07 m, respectivamente. Para medir el somatotipo y la composición corporal se utilizó el protocolo descrito por la Sociedad Internacional para el avance de la Kineantropometría (ISAK) y para evaluar el estado nutricional y la condición física, se utilizaron las pruebas empleadas en el Sistema de medición de la calidad de la educación (SIMCE) para el subsector de Educación Física, propuestos por el Ministerio de Educación de Chile (MINEDUC). Los resultados indican que los deportistas evaluados se clasifican como mesoendomorfos, alcanzando un 28,78% de masa grasa y 42,71% de masa muscular, mientras que su IMC fue 26,05 kg/m2. En cuanto a la condición física los valores encontrados señalan que se encuentran en un nivel satisfactorio para las pruebas de abdominales, flexibilidad y resistencia cardiorrespiratoria, mientras que ostentan malos resultados para las pruebas de salto largo a pies juntos y flexoextensión de codos, situación que se puede entender por la edad, discapacidad y características de la disciplina deportiva practicada.
Few publications refer to people with a visual impairment who practice Goalball, given that other groups of the population were studied or for unknown reasons. The aim was to measure the somatotype, the body composition, the nutritional state, and the physical condition (more specifically structural and functional features) of people with visual impairment in the Araucanía Region in Chile. The type of investigation considers a cuantitative, non-experimental, descriptive and transversal design. The sample consists of 14 Goalball athletes of the Araucanía Region. The sample was selected randomly and included 11 male subjects (age 42.36±14.46), with respect to weight and height the average was 74.76±10.36 and 1.695±0.07 respectively. To measure the somatotype and the body composition, the protocol described by the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK) was used, whereas to evaluate the nutritional state and physical condition, the tests employed in the SIMCE (System of Measuring the Quality of Education) for the subsector of Physical Education in Chile (MINEDUC Ministry of Education) were administered. The results indicate that the evaluated athletes classify as meso-endomorph. They reached 28.78% of fat mass and 42.71% of muscle mass, whereas their BMI is 26.05kg/m2. Regarding their physical condition the findings show a satisfactory level for the tests of abdominals, flexibility, and cardiorespiratory resistence. The tests of long jump with joined feet and elbow-flexo-extention were not as good, however. These outcomes can possibly be explained by the age, visual impairment, and by characteristics of the sport discipline practiced.