Microvascular invasion patterns affect survival in hepatocellular carcinoma patients after second hepatectomy.

BACKGROUND: Microvascular invasion (MVI) is an important risk factor for survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after hepatectomy. However, its impact on patients with recurrent HCC who receive a second hepatectomy is unknown. METHODS: We enrolled 167 patients with HCC who underwent a second hepatectomy because of intrahepatic recurrences. We compared the patients' demographic, tumor, and pathologic characteristics with 766 cases of original hepatectomy. We analyzed the possible risk factors for survival after the first and second hepatectomies and the influence of different MVI patterns on patients' survival after the second hepatectomy. RESULTS: The median overall survival was comparable between the first and second hepatectomy groups, 34 (3-84) mo versus 27 (3-57) mo, P = 0.09. For patients who underwent a first hepatectomy, the presence of macro-VI or MVI, an early recurrence pattern, and a total tumor diameter >5 cm were independent risk factors. For survival after the second hepatectomy, MVI patterns that were positive-positive or negative-positive and a total recurrent tumor diameter >5 cm were significant risk factors for survival. CONCLUSIONS: A second hepatectomy provides satisfying survival for patients with intrahepatic recurrence of HCC after the initial operation. Different MVI patterns affect survival after the second hepatectomy. Because MVI represents the biological behavior of HCC, we place a high premium on the clinical value of MVI after each hepatectomy.

Combined hepatectomy and radiofrequency ablation versus TACE in improving survival of patients with unresectable BCLC stage B HCC.

BACKGROUND: Combined hepatectomy and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) provides an additional treatment for patients with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage B hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who are conventionally deemed unresectable. This study aimed to analyze the outcome of this combination therapy by comparing it with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 51 patients with unresectable BCLC stage B HCC who had received the combination therapy. We compared the survival of these patients with that of 102 patients in the TACE group (control). Prognostic factors associated with worse survival in the combination group were analyzed. RESULTS: No differences in tumor status and liver function were observed between the TACE group and combination group. The median survival time for the combination group and TACE group was 38 (6-54) and 17 (3-48) months, respectively (P<0.001). The combination group required longer hospitalization than the TACE group [8 (5-14) days vs 4 (2-9) days, P<0.001]. More than two ablations decreased the survival rate in the combination group. CONCLUSIONS: Combined hepatectomy and RFA yielded a better long-term outcome than TACE in patients with unresectable BCLC stage B HCC. Patients with a limited ablated size (≤2 cm), a limited number of ablations (≤2), and adequate surgical margin should be considered candidates for combination therapy.

Upper abdominal shape as a risk factor of extended operation time and severe postoperative complications in HCC hepatectomy through subcostal incision.

BACKGROUND: Subcostal incision is the most widely used approach in open surgery for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Body shape is recognised to be a factor influencing the difficulty of surgery; however, the exact impact of the increased difficulty on the patients' operation as well as the outcome has not been analysed. In this study, we retrospectively studied the possible influence of patients' body shape, tumour burden and varied surgical methods on the operation procedure and postoperative complications. METHODS: From January 2009 to December 2013, 651 patients with HCC were included in the study. We studied the patients' sex, age, body mass index, upper abdominal body shape described by the depth-to-width ratio for the trunk at the celiac axis on CT/MRI, Child-Pugh classification, tumour burden and a different liver dissection method before the surgery and used a regression model for analysis. RESULTS: Prolonged operation time is associated with advanced tumour stage, large CA ratio, previous abdominal surgery, selective hepatic vascular occlusion and dissecting with Cavitron ultrasonic surgical aspirator rather than clamp crushing. Surgical blood loss is associated with operation time, liver function and a different liver dissection method. The incidence of severe postoperative complication was 17.5% (114/651) and was associated with larger CA ratio, Child-Pugh stage B liver function and greater blood loss. CONCLUSIONS: Large upper abdominal shape is a risk factor of both prolonged operation time and severe postoperative complication. CA ratio combined with liver function and surgical blood loss has an acceptable power to predict severe postoperative complications.

Second Hepatectomy Improves Survival in Patients With Microvascular Invasive Hepatocellular Carcinoma Meeting the Milan Criteria.

Microvascular invasion (MVI) is a strong risk factor for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) meeting the Milan criteria and who have received curative hepatectomy. The relevance of a second hepatectomy in patients with MVI-positive recurrent HCC remains controversial. We had 329 cases of HCC hepatectomy meeting the Milan criteria and compared data on patient demographics, liver function, and tumor pathology between MVI-positive and MVI-negative group. We analyzed potential risk factors of overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Furthermore, newly developed pathological features following the second hepatectomy were also analyzed.The median OS and DFS were significantly superior in the MVI-negative group than in the MVI-positive group, 61 (10-81) versus 49 (11-82) months (P < 0.01) and 41 (7-75) versus 13 (3-69) months (P <  0.01), respectively. The presence of MVI and a total tumor diameter >3 cm were independent risk factors associated with both OS and DFS. Overall survival was significantly improved by a second hepatectomy in the MVI-positive group compared with the original MVI-positive group, 60 (26-82) versus 49 (11-82) months, respectively. This was now comparable to the MVI-negative group, 60 (26-82) versus 61 (10-81) months (P = 0.72). A second hepatectomy was consistently associated with better survival in the MVI-negative group as compared to the MVI-positive group. A second hepatectomy improves survival in patients with MVI HCC meeting the Milan criteria. The biology of MVI may change following a second hepatectomy. The absence of MVI is a good prognostic sign for patients undergoing second hepatectomy.

Low-rank and eigenface based sparse representation for face recognition.

In this paper, based on low-rank representation and eigenface extraction, we present an improvement to the well known Sparse Representation based Classification (SRC). Firstly, the low-rank images of the face images of each individual in training subset are extracted by the Robust Principal Component Analysis (Robust PCA) to alleviate the influence of noises (e.g., illumination difference and occlusions). Secondly, Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) is applied to extract the eigenfaces from these low-rank and approximate images. Finally, we utilize these eigenfaces to construct a compact and discriminative dictionary for sparse representation. We evaluate our method on five popular databases. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of our method.