Risk Factors for Postoperative Puncture Site Bleeding after Interventional Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease via Common Femoral Artery Puncture: A Retrospective Analysis of 710 Cases.

This study aimed to identify the risk factors associated with puncture site bleeding following percutaneous puncture of the common femoral artery during interventional treatment of cerebrovascular disease (CVD). A retrospective analysis was conducted on 710 patients who underwent interventional treatment for CVD via femoral artery puncture. Among them, 26 individuals (3.66%) experienced bleeding at the femoral artery puncture site. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors for puncture site bleeding. The impact of salt bag compression on postoperative bleeding was evaluated in patients with intermediate to high bleeding risk scores. The bleeding group showed higher blood pressure, lower platelet counts, longer prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time, as well as a higher prevalence of larger vascular sheath sizes and variations in the timing of anti-coagulant and anti-platelet therapy administration. The bleeding risk score was higher in the bleeding group, indicating its predictive value for bleeding risk. Higher bleeding risk score, unstable blood pressure, repeated puncture, and serious vascular conditions were significant risk factors for puncture site bleeding. Application of salt bag compression for a duration of 2 hours reduced postoperative puncture site bleeding in patients with intermediate to high bleeding risk scores. Our study identified several significant risk factors for puncture site bleeding after cerebral vascular intervention via femoral artery puncture, including the bleeding risk score, blood pressure, repeated puncture, and vascular conditions. Implementing salt bag compression as a preventive measure can help mitigate bleeding complications in these high-risk patients.

Salidroside protects Caenorhabditis elegans neurons from polyglutamine-mediated toxicity by reducing oxidative stress.

Polyglutamine (polyQ) aggregation plays a pivotal role in the pathological process of Huntington's disease and other polyQ disorders. Therefore, strategies aiming at restoring dysfunction and reducing stresses mediated by polyQ toxicity are of therapeutic interest for proteotoxicity diseases. Salidroside, a glycoside from Rhodiola rosea, has been shown to have a variety of bioactivities, including antioxidant activity. Using transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans models, we show here that salidroside is able to reduce neuronal death and behavioral dysfunction mediated by polyQ expressed in ASH neurons, but the neuroprotective effect is not associated with prevention of polyQ aggregation per se. Further experiments reveal that the neuroprotective effect of salidroside in C. elegans models involves its antioxidant capabilities, including decrease of ROS levels and paraquat-induced mortality, increase of antioxidant enzyme activities and reduction of lipid peroxidation. These results demonstrate that salidroside exerts its neuroprotective function against polyQ toxicity via oxidative stress pathways.

Efficient oxidative debromination of decabromodiphenyl ether by TiO2-mediated photocatalysis in aqueous environment.

Direct evidence was first demonstrated for the oxidative degradation of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE209) in aqueous TiO(2) dispersions under UV irradiation (λ > 340 nm). BDE209 was hardly debrominated over TiO(2) in UV-irradiated acetonitrile dispersions, but the addition of water into the dispersions greatly enhanced its photocatalytic oxidative debromination. The debromination efficiency of BDE209 as high as 95.6% was achieved in aqueous TiO(2) dispersions after 12 h of UV irradiation. The photocatalytic oxidation of BDE209 resulted in generation of aromatic ring-opening intermediates such as brominated dienoic acids, which were further degraded by prolonging UV irradiation time. The photocatalytic oxidative debromination of BDE209 was further confirmed by the observation that the BDE209 degradation in water-acetonitrile mixtures with different water contents was positively correlated with the formation of •OH radicals, but not photogenerated electrons. The use of water not only avoided the scavenging of reactive radicals by organic solvent but also enhanced the adsorption of BDE209 on the surface of TiO(2), both of which favor the contact of BDE209 with photogenerated holes and •OH species. The confirmation of efficient oxidative degradation and debromination of BDE209 is very important for finding new ways to remove polybrominated diphenyl ethers from the environment.

The effect of COVID-19 vaccination on epileptic seizures in patients with epilepsy: A clinical observation in China.

This observational retrospective study was conducted on patients with epilepsy (PWE) in China who had at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine and it investigated the safety of vaccination by analyzing changes in epileptic seizures and their influencing factors. Consecutive PWE who were followed up in the epilepsy clinic between June 2021 and May 2022 were enrolled. Data on vaccine type, demographic information, clinical characteristics of epilepsy, and treatment were collected through a questionnaire survey and retrospectively analyzed. PWE were divided into a stable seizure group and a worsening seizure group based on seizure episodes at least 90 days after the first vaccine dose. A total of 79 PWE were included. After vaccination, 14 patients (17.7%) had worsening seizures, 92.9% of whom had an increased seizure frequency. Compared with patients in the stable seizure group, patients in the worsening seizure group had significant differences in baseline monthly seizure frequency (P = .012), improper antiseizure medication (ASM) administration (P = .003) and a disrupted sleep routine (P = .016). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that improper ASM administration (OR 6.186, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.312-29.170; p = .021) and a disrupted sleep routine (OR 6.326, 95% CI 1.326-30.174; p = .021) were significantly associated with seizure worsening. In short, COVID-19 vaccination is safe for PWE, and only those with poor seizure control have the possibility of seizure exacerbation after COVID-19 vaccination. The vaccination per se does not represent a major influencing factor, but the improper use of ASMs and a disrupted sleep routine may be correlated with seizure aggravation after vaccination.

Transcriptomic Analysis of Calonectria pseudoreteaudii during Various Stages of Eucalyptus Infection.

Eucalyptus leaf blight caused by Calonectria spp. is a serious disease in Eucalyptus seedling and plantations. However, the molecular mechanisms of the infection process and pathogenesis of Calonectria to Eucalyptus is not well-studied. In this study, we analyzed the transcriptomes of C. pseudoreteaudii at three stages of Eucalyptus leaf infection, and in mycelium grown in potato dextrose broth using Illumina RNA-Seq technology. We identified 161 differentially expressed genes between C. pseudoreteaudii from leaf and mycelium grown in potato dextrose broth. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses of these genes suggested that they were mainly involved in oxidoreductase activity, hydrolase activity, and transmembrane transporter activity. Most of the differentially expressed genes at the early infection stage were upregulated. These upregulated genes were mainly involved in cell wall hydrolysis and toxin synthesis, suggesting a role for toxin and cell wall hydrolases in the establishment of Calonectria leaf blight. Genes related to detoxification of phytoalexins were continually upregulated during infection. The candidate effectors and putative pathogenicity determinants identified in this study will help in the functional analysis of C. pseudoreteaudii virulence and pathogenicity.

Green mechanochemical oxidative decomposition of powdery decabromodiphenyl ether with persulfate.

A method was developed for efficiently degrading powdery decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE209) by using mechanochemical (MC) activation of persulfate (PS). Characteristic Raman spectra of BDE209 corresponding to CBr and CO bonds were decreased in intensity and finally disappeared as the MC reaction proceeded. The BDE209 removal was influenced by the molar ratio of PS to BDE209, the mass ratio of milling ball to reaction mixtures, the ball size, and the ball rotation speed. Under optimal conditions, the new method could achieve a complete degradation, debromination and mineralization of BDE209 within 3h of milling. However, the degradation removal (or debromination efficiency) was decreased to only 51.7% (15.6%) and 67.8% (31.5%) for the use of CaO and peroxymonosulfate, respectively. The analyses of products demonstrated that once the degradation was initiated, BDE209 molecules were deeply debrominated and fully mineralized in the MC-PS system. The strong oxidizing ability of this system was due to the reactive sulfate radicals generated from the MC-enhanced activation of PS, which was confirmed with electron spin resonance spectroscopy. Because no toxic low brominated polybrominated diphenyl ethers were accumulated as byproducts, the proposed MC oxidative degradation method will have promising applications in the treatment of solid BDE209 at high concentrations.