[Clinical efficacy and safety of megestrol acetate vaginal ring].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the efficacy and safety of megestrol acetate silicone vaginal ring. METHODS: A total of 165 healthy child-bearing age women were recruited to examine the efficacy, safety and satisfaction rate of megestrol acetate silicone vaginal ring. RESULTS: The cumulative pregnancy rate of megestrol acetate silicone vaginal ring was 3.93%. And its discontinuation rate was 2.54%, the incidence of adverse events 11.52% and the incidence of adverse effects 1.81% while the symptoms were all slight. The bleeding pattern was similar to that of normal menstruation. Compared with baseline, the elevated level of triglycerides and the reduced level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were significantly different while no significant difference existed in high-density lipoprotein (HDL), cholesterol and hemoglobin, etc. The satisfaction rate of megestrol acetate silicone vaginal ring was 94.6% and increased with time. CONCLUSION: Megestrol acetate silicone vaginal ring is an effective and safe option of contraceptives.

[Impact of intrauterine device insertion surgery on women's mental state].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of the intrauterine device (IUD) insertion on the mental state of women. METHODS: From Jan. 2009 to Jun. 2010, a multi-center clinical observational study was performed. Totally 641 women were selected in the six provinces' 18 family planning service stations and hospitals for IUD insertion surgery study. Analysis of the change of women's mental state which was evaluated by symptom checklist-90 (SCL-90) scale before and after IUD insertion surgery. RESULTS: Before and after IUD insertion surgery, 10 factors' scores in SCL-90 of the observed objects were between 1.1 to 1.2, total scores were 107±27 and 105±25, respectively. Before and after surgery, total average score both were 1.2, the average score of positive items both were 2.1. The difference of the above results were not statistically significance (all P>0.05). Preoperative and postoperative, the rate of positive items was 9.2%-19.6% and 7.7%-17.6%, respectively.In addition to anxiety and fear, the rate of other factors' positive items postoperative was significantly lower than those in the preoperative (all P<0.05). The incidence of the observed objects postoperative of each factor score, "deteriorated" was in the range of 4.9% to 23.0%, "improved" was in the range of 26.3%-50.1%. The incidence of total scores, "deterioration" was 28.8% (166/575), "improved" was 45.6% (262/575). The incidence of the average score of positive items, "deterioration" was 3.7% (21/575), "improved" was 52.3% (301/575). Logistic analysis showed that, in addition to unit level, there were no other significant influencing factors for women' mental state of postoperative (all P>0.05). CONCLUSION: IUD insertion surgery has no adverse effect on women's mental state.

[Clinical efficacy and safety of mifepristone in the treatment of abortive remnants of induced abortion].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of treating abortive remnants of induced abortion with different doses of mifepristone. METHODS: A total of 101 women undergoing post-abortion treatment at our family planning clinic from October 2009 to February 2011 were recruited and divided randomly into 4 groups. They were diagnosed as abortive remnants by ultrasound and blood level of ß-HCG (human chorionic gonadotrophin). Three test groups received different doses of mifepristone and one group as control. The efficacy and safety of four groups were evaluated by clinical observations, ultrasonic examinations and blood level of ß-HCG. RESULTS: The effective rates of mifepristone test and control groups were 61.60% and 21.40% respectively. And there were statistical significances between two groups (P < 0.01). After a 2-week treatment, the changes of blood level of ß-HCG and reduction of residual size tested by ultrasound were better than those of the control group. And there were significant statistical differences (P < 0.01). The group with high dose in short term achieved the best outcomes. After four weeks of treatment, blood level of ß-HCG of test groups had no statistical significance (P > 0.05). There was statistical significance in pairwise comparison on reduction of residual size tested by ultrasound among test groups (P < 0.05). The high-dose group with achieved the largest short-term reduction. Statistical significances existed in the hemostatic time of vaginal hemorrhage and menstrual recovery between three test groups and the control group (P < 0.05). No statistical significance was found in healing time and the occurrence of adverse events among these 3 test groups (both P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Mifepristone is effective in the treatment of induced incomplete abortion. And a short-term large dose offers a better efficacy.

[Effects of taking estrogen and progestogen after medical abortion on reducing vaginal hemorrhage time: a randomized-controlled trial].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the different effects of taking different kinds and doses of estrogen and progestogen after medical abortion on reducing vaginal hemorrhage time. METHODS: A total of 188 women undergoing medical abortion were recruited and randomized into 3 groups: group A (n = 41) starting marvelon (30 µg ethinylestradiol and 150 µg desogestrel) on the day of abortion for 21 days; group B (n = 53) starting progynova 2 mg/d on the day of abortion for 21 days and taking depogesterone 10 mg/d on the last 5 days; and group C (n = 94) as control. The vaginal hemorrhage time, days to onset of next menses and the outcome of medical abortion were compared. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the duration of hemorrhage between groups A and C [(20 ± 13) vs (19 ± 11) d, P > 0.05]. But the duration of hemorrhage in group B was significantly shorter than that in group C [(14 ± 7) vs (19 ± 11) d, P < 0.01]. There was no significant difference in the amount of hemorrhage among 3 groups (P > 0.05). The time to onset of first menses was similar between groups A and B [(34 ± 13) vs (30 ± 7) d]. And both were significantly shorter than that in group C [(39 ± 11) d, P < 0.05]. There were 3 (7.32%) incomplete abortions in group A, 4 (7.55%) in group B and 12 (12.77%) in group C (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The sequential therapy of estrogen and progestogen after medical abortion may effectively reduce the duration of hemorrhage. And the combined oral contraceptive pills fail to significantly alter the duration of hemorrhage after medical abortion. But both can promote menstrual recovery significantly.

[Dominant species of cephalopods and their niche characteristics in offshore of northern South China Sea]. / å—æµ·åŒ—éƒ¨è¿‘æµ·å¤´è¶³ç±»ä¼˜åŠ¿ç§åŠå ¶ç”Ÿæ€ä½ç‰¹å¾.

To understand the relationships among dominant species of cephalopods in offshore nor-thern South China Sea, we examined the niche characteristics of these dominant species from both spatial and temporal dimensions using the index of relative importance (IRI), the niche breadth and overlap indices based on fishery resources data from the bottom-trawl survey for four seasons during 2014-2015. The results showed that five dominant species of cephalopods were recorded for four seasons, including Loligo edulis, L. chinensis, L. beka, Sepia esculenta, and L. duvaucelii. The first two species were shared by all seasons. Compared with historical data, the composition of dominant cephalopods species had changed. The cephalopods resource exhibited obvious temporal and spatial variations. Stock density was higher in the sea area extending from the southern Hainan Island to eastern Guangdong Province than that in Beibu Gulf. The seasonal variation was characte-rized by the largest in summer but the smallest in winter. The temporal and spatial niche analysis showed that there was inconsistent in the order between temporal and spatial niche breadths for domi-nant species. L. edulis (1.32) and L. chinensis (3.90) occupied the largest temporal and spatial niche breadths, respectively. The smallest of temporal and spatial niche breadths were shown for S. esculenta (0.98) and L. duvaucelii (2.04), respectively. Though the temporal niche overlap was numerically larger than the spatial niche overlap, both of them had higher values in interspecies among L. edulis, L. chinensis, L. beka, and the lower overlap for the species pairs between L. duvaucelii and other species. The result of correlation analysis suggested that niche breadth exhibited a significant negative correlation with variation in abundance on both temporal and spatial scales. The ecological niche could reflect the tempo-spatial changes of species resource, which enriched the traditional methods of fishery communities.

[Efficacy and safety of drospirenone-ethinylestradiol on contraception in healthy Chinese women: a multicenter randomized controlled trial].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the contraception efficacy, mode of bleeding, side effects and other positive effects of drospirenone-ethinylestradiol (Yasmin) in healthy Chinese women. METHODS: This was a multicenter, randomized, control study of 768 healthy Chinese women who consulted about contraception. The subjects were randomized into Yasmin group (30 microg ethinylestradiol plus 3 mg drospirenone, 573 cases) or desogestrel group (30 microg ethinylestradiol plus 150 microg desogestrel, 195 cases) with the ratio of 3:1. Each individual was treated for 13 cycles. Further visits were required at cycle 4, cycle 7, cycle 10 and cycle 13 of treatment Weight, height, body mass index were evaluated at each visit. The menstrual distress questionnaire (MDQ) was given to the women at baseline, visit 3 (cycle 7) and visit 5 (after cycle 13). RESULTS: The values of basal features were similar between two groups (P > 0.05). The Pearl index (method failure) of Yasmin was 0. 208/hundred women year which was lower than that of desogestrel (0. 601/hundred women year). The mode of bleeding was similar between two groups after trial without showing any significant difference. According to MDQ subscale, the improvement of water retention and increasing appetite during inter-menstrual period and water retention and general well-being during menstrual period in the Yasmin group (-0.297, -0.057, 0.033, 0.150 respectively) was more obvious than that in the desogestrel group (-0.108, 0.023, 0.231, -0.023 respectively) with a significant difference (P < 0.05). Some other values which improved in both two groups, especially the improvement of breast tenderness and pain and skin abnormality in Yasmin group (18.0%, 89/494; 12.6%, 62/494) was more distinct than that in desogestrel group (11.3%, 19/168; 5.4%, 9/168). The mean weight increased in desogestrel group (0.57 kg) while it decreased in Yasmin group (-0.28 kg) with a significant difference (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Both Yasmin and desogestrel have good efficacy on contraception and similar modes of menstrual bleeding. Yasmin is better than desogestrel in terms of weight control and premenstrual syndrome of oral contraceptive.

[Probability distribution characteristics of stock density in offshore of northern South China Sea.] / 南海北部近海渔业资源密度概率分布特征.

Based on catch data from the bottom trawl survey by eight cruises in offshore of northern South China Sea during 2014-2017, we analyzed the stock density distribution and explored its probability distribution with statistical method, which was further used to estimate the mean stock density in this region. The results showed that the coefficient of variation (CV) for stock density ranged from 0.67 to 1.03 for all the periods, indicating a highly uneven spatial distribution of stock density. The frequency distribution of fishery resource density was characterized by obvious right-skewed, which was dominated by stock density of 0-1000 kg·km-2. The results of one sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test indicated that three probability distribution patterns were suitable for stock density in this region, including Lognormal, Gamma and Weibull distributions. In terms of the mean stock density estimation, the values from Lognormal showed no statistically significant difference from those from others, but the opposite result was obtained between Gamma and Weibull distributions. Compared with 1960s-1970s, the appropriate probability distribution pattern of stock density has changed from single to multiple types. Variation of the proportion of low catch resulted from the changes in the structure of fishery resources, fishing effort and climate change might cause the alte-ration of probability distribution.

[Contraceptive efficacy of bioadhesive benzalkonium chloride gel in comparison with nonoxynol-9 gel].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the contraceptive efficacy of a new spermicide, bioadhesive benzalkonium chloride (BZK) gel, with the traditional nonoxynol (NP-9) gel. METHODS: A total of 240 child-bearing age women volunteers were randomly divided into two groups: 120 using the BZK gel for contraception, and the other 120 using the NP-9 gel. Using life table method and log-rank test, we compared the pregnancy rates and discontinuation rates after follow-up for 6 months in two groups. RESULTS: No abnormal findings of cervical smears were detected before and after this clinical trial in all 240 women. The follow-up rates at 6 months were 100.0% and 99.2% in the BZK group and the NP-9 group, respectively. The 6-month gross cumulative pregnancy rates of typical use were 1.72 and 0.91 per 100 women (P > 0.05), respectively. If we excluded the 2 pregnant women (1 in each group), who did not correctly or consistently use the spermicides for every intercourse, the cumulative pregnancy rates at 6 months in perfect use would be 0.87 and 0 per 100 women (P > 0.05). And the gross cumulative discontinuation rates due to allergy or other adverse reactions at 6 months in typical use were 0 and 2.68 per 100 women (P > 0.05), respectively. CONCLUSION: The contraceptive efficacy of bioadhesive BZK gel is the same as that of the NP-9 gel, and it is more acceptable in clinical use.

[Risk assessment of coastal ecosystem in Beibu Gulf, Guangxi of South China].

Based on the marine ecological investigation in the coastal area of Beibu Gulf, Guangxi in September 2009, a GIS-based evaluation was conducted on the present status of ecological environment quality, including seawater quality, nutrient level, biomass, primary productivity, biodiversity, and ecological buffer capacity, in the area in autumn, and the integrated ecological risk index (ERI) was adopted to assess the risk of the coastal ecosystem in the Gulf. In September 2009, the study area had a better ecological environment quality. Most of the risk indicators were at medium or lower level, and the total area was overall at low ecological risk level. The ERI showed that there was an obvious spatial heterogeneity in the distribution of the ecological risk. The nearer to the harbors, the higher the risk was.

[Faunal characteristics and distribution pattern of crustaceans in the vicinity of Pearl River estuary].

Based on the data of bottom trawl surveys in the vicinity of Pearl River estuary in August (summer), October (autumn), December (winter) 2006, and April (spring) 2007, the faunal characteristics and distribution pattern of crustaceans were analyzed. A total of 54 species belonging to 25 genera, 17 families, and 2 orders were collected, including 22 species of shrimps, 22 species of crabs, and 10 species of squills. Most of the crustaceans were tropical-subtropical warm-water species, a few of them were eurythermal species, and no warm-water and cold-water species occurred. Euryhaline species were most abundant, followed by halophile species, and the low-salinity species were the least. Most of the crustacean species belonged to the fauna of Indian Ocean-western Pacific Ocean. The faunal assemblages were closer to those of the East China Sea, Philippine Sea, Indonesia Sea, and the Japan Sea, and estranger with those of the Yellow Sea, Bohai Sea, and Korea Sea. The dominant species were Metapenaeus joyner, Oratosquilla oratoria, Charybdis miles, Portunus sanguinolentus, Harpiosquilla harpax, Charybdis feriatus, Charybdis japonica, Oratosquilla nepa, Solenocera crassicornis, Portunus trituberculatus, and Calappa philargius. The crustaceans had the largest species number (33) in autumn and the least one (26) in spring, and the highest stock density at the water depth of < 40 m, especially at 10-20 m. The average stock density of the crustaceans was estimated to be 99.60 kg x km(-2), with the highest (198.93 kg x km(-2)) in summer and the lowest (42.35 kg x km(-2)) in spring. Of the 3 species groups, crabs had the highest stock density (41.81 kg x km(-2)), followed by shrimps (38.91 kg x km(-2)), and squills (18.88 kg x km(-2)). The stock densities of the 3 species groups showed an obvious seasonal variation. Shrimps had the highest stock density (120.32 kg x km(-2)) in summer and the lowest density (0.67 kg x km(-2)) in spring, while crabs and squills had the highest density (62.01 and 29.49 kg x km(-2), respectively) in winter and the lowest density (24.64 and 6.30 kg x km(-2), respectively) in autumn.