The moderating effect of cultural competence educational needs on the relationship between transcultural self-efficacy and cultural competence in Korean public health nurses.

BACKGROUND: In an increasingly multicultural society, cultural competence and transcultural self-efficacy of public health nurses is important for providing culturally congruent care for client from diverse cultural background. To improv this, it is needed tailored and effective educational program based on the cultural competence educational needs. This study investigated the moderating effect of cultural competence educational needs on the relationship between transcultural self-efficacy and cultural competence. METHODS: This cross-sectional study recruited 217 public health nurses in Korea using convenience sampling from August 2018 to January 2019. A direct questionnaire was used to collect data. Study variables were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation, and the Hayes PROCESS macro (Model 1) moderation model. RESULTS: The mean scores for transcultural self-efficacy, cultural competence educational needs, and cultural competence were 62.33 ± 11.08, 58.19 ± 15.08, and 97.96 ± 17.09, respectively. Transcultural self-efficacy and cultural competence educational needs were positively associated with cultural competence. In the tested model, cultural competence educational needs had a conditional moderating effect on the relationship between transcultural self-efficacy and cultural competence. The positive association between transcultural self-efficacy and cultural competence was significant at low, medium, and high levels of cultural competence educational needs and stronger for those with high needs. CONCLUSIONS: Cultural competence educational needs may be an important determinant of cultural competence among public health nurses. To effectively increase cultural competence, transcultural self-efficacy should be increased by education programs tailored by cultural competence educational needs.

Mediating the effects of depression in the relationship between university students' attitude toward suicide, frustrated interpersonal needs, and non-suicidal self-injury during the COVID-19 pandemic.

OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to examine the relationship on attitudes toward suicide, frustrated interpersonal needs, and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) of the university students. METHODS: The participants included 175 university students. Data were analyzed using the SPSS PROCESS macro (Model 4). RESULTS: Depression showed a fully mediating effect on the relationship between one's attitude toward suicide and NSSI behaviors. Furthermore, depression showed a full mediating impact on the relationship between frustrated interpersonal needs and NSSI behaviors. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that suicidal attitudes and frustrated interpersonal needs should be considered significant factors for developing NSSI preventions and intervention among university students.

Professional Self-Concept, Job Stress, and Triage Competency Among Emergency Nurses: Secondary Data Analysis of a Cross-Sectional Survey.

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to evaluate the indirect relationship of job stress with triage competency through professional self-concept among emergency nurses in Korea. METHODS: A secondary data analysis of survey data from 132 questionnaires was used. A convenience sample of emergency nurses working in regional or local emergency centers in 2 Korean cities was recruited for the survey. Study variables were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation, and a model tested using the Hayes PROCESS macro (Model 4) mediation model. RESULTS: Job stress alone was not associated directly with triage competency (ß = 0.01, P = .74). An indirect pathway was observed between job stress and triage competency through professional self-concept (F = 5.85, P < .001, R2 = 0.33). In the tested model, job stress was associated with professional self-concept (ß = -0.05, P < .05) and professional self-concept was associated with triage competency (ß = 0.79, P ≤ .001). CONCLUSION: Professional self-concept may be an important determinant of triage competency among emergency nurses. To increase triage competency among emergency nurses, individual nurse and management efforts are recommended to foster professional self-concept and reduce emergency nurse job stress.

The frequency of impairments in everyday activities due to the overuse of the internet, gaming, or smartphone, and its relationship to health-related quality of life in Korea.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the relationships between the frequency of impairments in daily activities due to the overuse of the Internet, gaming, or smartphones (IGS) and sociodemographic characteristics, social relationships (including family) & activities, psychosocial characteristics, health status, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of Korean adults. METHODS: Secondary data from the 2017 Community Health Survey, a large-scale sample survey conducted yearly in South Korea, were analyzed for 190,066 adults over 19 years of age. Three categories were created for impairment groups due to IGS overuse: No Impairment, Mild Impairment, and Moderate-to-Severe groups. And between-group differences were examined using a one-way ANOVA for health status measured with the EQ-5D-3 L and chi-square tests for all categorical dependent variables, which included sociodemographic characteristics, social relationships & activities, and psychosocial factors. The association between frequencies of daily activity impairments due to IGS overuse and the dependent variables were examined using a multivariate logistic regression analysis and a linear regression model. RESULTS: Approximately 21,345 (11.23%) of the 190,066 participants reported experiencing impairments in daily activities due to IGS overuse at least once in the previous year and the impairments were more severe in males than females. Participants experiencing impairments in daily activities contacted their friends a significantly higher number of times (4 times or more per month) and engaged in leisure activities more frequently (more than once per month) than those without impairments. There was also a significant positive relationship between IGS overuse and stress, depression, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts. Among participants aged 19-64, impairments in daily activities due to IGS overuse were associated with a lower HRQoL. Conversely, for those aged 65 and over, mild and moderate-to-severe impairments due to IGS overuse were associated with a significantly higher HRQoL. CONCLUSIONS: Increased impairments in daily activities due to IGS overuse may negatively affect mental health. However, among older adults, the frequency of such impairments was positively associated with HRQoL. This finding could be considered to apply interventions with Internet usage or ICT devices for older adults to enhance their quality of life.

Development and Feasibility of a Safety Plan Mobile Application for Adolescent Suicide Attempt Survivors.

Past suicide attempts are a powerful predictor of suicide. This study developed and evaluated the feasibility of a mobile application for creating safety plans, which include coping strategies that can be immediately accessed and used by suicide attempt survivors during a crisis. A safety plan mobile application, called Brake of My Mind, was developed (study 1). Heuristic evaluation (for experts) and user evaluations (for health professionals and adolescent suicide attempt survivors) were performed. A pilot test was then conducted based on the theory of planned behavior to evaluate the feasibility of Brake of My Mind (study 2). Three adolescent suicide attempt survivors used a pilot version of Brake of My Mind. Attitude toward suicide attempts, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and suicide intentions were assessed before, immediately after, and 1 week after using Brake of My Mind. Brake of My Mind showed very few low-priority usability problems, and it was considered a "good" and "acceptable" application. In study 2, median scores for attitudes toward suicide attempts, perceived behavioral control, and suicide intentions decreased over time after using Brake of My Mind. The subjective norm scores did not change. Brake of My Mind is an acceptable application for adolescent suicide attempt survivors that appears effective in decreasing their positive attitude toward suicide attempts.

Health-related quality of life in adult males with lower urinary tract symptoms.

PURPOSE: To assess the status and impact of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in a community-based sample of Korean adult males. METHODS: We analyzed the data of 101,606 adult males aged ≥ 19 years of age obtained during the 2011 Korean Community Health Survey. Subject data were assessed for LUTS and HRQoL using international prostate symptom scores, and EuroQol-five-dimensions three-level version (EQ-5D-3L) and EuroQol-visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS) scores. RESULTS: Of the 101,606 subjects, 53,323 (52.5%) reported having at least one LUTS and 3116 (3.1%) had an IPSS of ≥ 20, indicating severe LUTS. In those aged 19-39 years, 28.7% (8343/29,072) reported they had mild to severe LUTS. The prevalence of LUTS was high among those aged 40-59 years (47.7%), 60-79 years (80.5%), and ≥ 80 years (91.2%). In addition, EQ-5D-3L and EQ-VAS scores decreased as LUTS severity and frequency increased. CONCLUSIONS: Adult men of all ages with mild to severe LUTS have poorer health statuses and quality of life. Even among young males, LUTS severity and was found to negatively affect HRQoL.

Mediating Effect of Self-Control on the Relationship between Obesity-Related Stress and Weight Control Behavior among Female College Students with Overweight and Obesity.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to determine whether self-regulation acts as a mediating factor in the relationship between obesity-related stress and weight control behavior, targeting Korean female college students. Obesity-related stress and weight control behaviors are important factors affecting an individual's health and well-being, and self-control, a psychological trait, can play a pivotal role in regulating how individuals respond to stress and engage in weight management behaviors. METHODS: This study employed a descriptive correlational design. A total of 109 female college students with overweight and obesity participated in the study. We used a self-report questionnaire to measure obesity-related stress, self-control, and degree of weight control behavior. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis, and bootstrapping using Hayes' PROCESS macro for mediation. RESULTS: Significant relationships between obesity-related stress and weight control behavior (r = 0.25, p < 0.001), obesity-related stress and self-control (r = -0.36, p < 0.001), and weight control behavior and self-control (r = 0.26, p < 0.001) were observed. Self-control showed an indirect mediating effect on the relationship between obesity-related stress and weight control behavior (Β = 0.37, p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Through the research results, it was confirmed that self-control is a factor that has a mediating effect in the relationship between obesity-related stress and weight control behavior among female college students with overweight and obesity. These results underscore the importance of addressing self-control strategies in interventions aimed at promoting healthy weight management among female college students with overweight or obesity.

Effect of Drinking Pattern on the Quality of Sleep Among Korean Male Adults Below 65 Years.

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to analyze the differences in sleep quality according to drinking patterns and identify factors associated with poor sleepers among Korean male adults younger than 65 years. Data from 68,711 male participants from the Korean Community Health Survey collected in Korea in 2018 were analyzed. After dividing them into binge drinking and nonbinge drinking groups, each group was further categorized into three subgroups according to the frequency of drinking: less than occasionally, frequent, and very frequent. The quality of sleep and depression were assessed through face-to-face interviews using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, respectively. Total sleep quality was the lowest in the group that participated in "very frequent" binge drinking; the groups that participated in "frequent" binge drinking and "very frequent" nonbinge drinking had similar levels of sleep quality. Poisson regression with robust variance analysis revealed an almost 50% higher prevalence of poor sleep in the "very frequent" binge drinking group (prevalence ratio = 1.49, p < .001) compared with the reference group (nonbinge drinking, less than occasionally) after controlling for confounding variables. Significantly higher prevalence ratios of poor sleep were found in the "frequent" and "very frequent" drinking groups compared with the reference group. Health policies could emphasize the importance of reducing one's frequency and amount of drinking. In addition, it is also necessary for healthcare professionals to assess drinking patterns when caring for people experiencing poor quality sleep and support them in correcting such drinking behaviors.

Complete mitochondrial genome of the decomposer Ptecticus tenebrifer Walker, 1849 (Insecta: Diptera: Stratiomyidae).

Ptecticus tenebrifer (Walker, 1849), which is endemic in East Asia, plays a critical role in natural processing of organic waste. In this study, we found that the complete mitochondrial genome of P. tenebrifer is 15681 bp in length obtained from the MGIseq system (MGI) with 150 bp paired-end reads. As with typical animal mitochondrial genomes, it contains 13 protein coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, and 2 rRNA genes. The phylogenetic analysis was performed using the maximum likelihood method with a bootstrap value of 500 and the Tamura-Nei model and reveals the close relationship with P. aurifer.

Stress, and coping strategy of university students during COVID-19 in Korea: The mediating role of ego-resiliency.

We aimed to identify the level of stress, ego-resiliency (ER), and coping strategies of university students during the onset of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and examine the mediating role of ER in the relationship between stress and coping strategies (e.g., problem-solving, social support seeking, and avoidance). We analyzed responses from 160 university students and found that problem-solving was the most common coping strategy (26.02 ± 4.65), followed by social support-seeking (25.08 ± 5.23), and avoidance (19.21 ± 3.78). ER was negatively associated with stress and showed a mediating effect on the relationship between stress and social support, and stress and problem-solving coping strategies. These findings indicate that ER helps decrease stress caused by the pandemic among university students and should be considered a significant factor for developing adaptive stress coping strategies.

Depression, Anxiety, Stress and Anger of the Cabin Crew during the COVID-19 Pandemic in South Korea.

This study examines the levels of depression, anxiety, stress, and state and trait anger of cabin crews, as well as the differences in the main variables and general characteristics between the depression and anxiety groups, during the COVID-19 pandemic. This descriptive cross-sectional study used data from 161 Korean cabin crew members. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, independent t-tests, and chi-square tests. Of the participants, 62.7% were women, and 52.2% and 46.6% were classified into the depression and anxiety groups, respectively. No differences in the general characteristics between the non-depression and depression groups were found. However, in the anxiety group, there were significant differences in age, marital status, position, and work type during the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, the anxiety group showed a higher anger state (approximately 6.76 times higher than the normal group) than the depression group (approximately 4.90 times higher than the normal group). In a pandemic, airlines should screen cabin crews for depression and anxiety. The development and applications of mental health education for high-risk groups should include anger intervention.

Blood Pressure Awareness and Knowledge of Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases in South Korean Women with Hypertension.

(1) Background: It is essential to increase the awareness of cardiovascular diseases' symptoms and reduce treatment delays among women with hypertension (HTN). This study aimed to assess the knowledge of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases' warning signs (KCVDs), according to awareness of their blood pressure levels (AoBP), and identify the factors associated with KCVDs and AoBP in women with HTN. (2) Methods: This study used the data from the Korea Community Health Survey of 2018. A total of 29,832 women with HTN were included in the final analysis. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, KCVDs, and AoBP were identified. A negative binomial regression was used to identify factors associated with KCVDs. (3) Results: Of the participants, 42.9% were not aware of their blood pressure level, and 9.1% did not have any knowledge of KCVD symptoms. Factors associated with KCVDs were AoBP (odds ratio (OR) = 1.121, p < 0.001), middle age (OR = 1.012, p = 0.008), employment (OR = 1.034, p < 0.017), and being married and living with a spouse (OR = 1.068, p < 0.001). Lower levels of education (OR = 0.931, p < 0.001) and regular walking (OR = 0.964, p = 0.015) were also associated with KCVDs. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and subjective health status were associated with increased AoBP. (4) Conclusions: AoBP was positively associated with KCVDs. It is necessary to include AoBP in public campaigns and regular policy support to improve KCVDs. In addition, findings in this study can serve as basic data for developing socio-cultural interventions, aimed at mitigating cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, by improving levels of KCVDs.

Impact of Nursing Professionalism on Perception of Patient Privacy Protection in Nursing Students: Mediating Effect of Nursing Informatics Competency.

In recent times, as the healthcare system becomes more informational, the importance of patient privacy protection increases, making it necessary to identify factors that affect the perception of patient privacy protection. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between nursing professionalism and the perception of patient privacy protection and the mediating role of nursing informatics competency. The study recruited 242 nursing students who had experienced dealing with patient information during clinical practice. The mediating model using the Hayes' PROCESS macro (Model 4) was employed to test the study hypothesis. Nursing professionalism was found to be positively and significantly associated with the perception of patient privacy protection (ß = 0.09, p = 0.021) with the mediation of nursing informatics (ß = 0.18, p < 0.001). Our findings showed that nursing professionalism and nursing informatics competency determined the perception of patient privacy protection. The mediating role of nursing informatics competency implies that curricula designed to enhance nursing informatics competency of nursing students may increase their perception of patient privacy protection.

Korean University Students' Problematic Alcohol use, Depression, and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury During COVID-19 Lockdown.

BACKGROUND: This study investigated depression, problematic alcohol use, and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) of university students in Korea during COVID-19 lockdown and evaluated the moderating effect of problematic alcohol use in the relationship between depression and NSSI. METHODS: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 234 Korean university students' data were used to analyze the relationship between depression and NSSI and the moderating effect of problematic alcohol use. To analyze the moderating effect, Hayes PROCESS macro (model 1) was used. RESULTS: Of the participants, 69.7% were problematic alcohol drinkers and 58.1% were binge drinkers. Depression and NSSI scores were 13.948 and 0.901, respectively. Of the participants, 33.3% had experienced NSSI for 6 months. Depression was positively associated with NSSI among university students. Furthermore, problematic alcohol use had a conditional moderating effect on the relationship between depression and NSSI. CONCLUSIONS: Problematic alcohol use had conditional moderating effects on the relationship between depression and NSSI. Additionally, since the COVID-19 pandemic is ongoing, to prevent NSSI, health care professionals in the university should screen students with problematic alcohol use and depressive symptoms.

Changes in the Levels of Stress Perception, Experiencing Depressive Symptoms and Health-Related Quality of Life of Residents after the 2016 Gyeongju Earthquake.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the 2016 Gyeongju Earthquake on the stress perception, depressive symptoms, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among Gyeongju residents. METHODS: This study was a secondary analysis of the 2015-2017 Korean Community Health Survey undertaken in the disaster area, Gyeongju, and in controlled areas, Sangju and Yangju, which had varying seismic intensities. Pearson's chi-square test, ANCOVA and two-way ANOVA were performed. RESULTS: The stress perception rate and anxiety/depression in the 5th dimension of the EuroQul-five-dimensions three-level version (EQ-5D-3L) in Gyeongju was significantly higher in 2017 than in 2016. As for the HRQoL, the controlled regions showed a tendency to increase in 2017 rather than in 2016, while Gyeongju had no significant differences during 2015 and 2017. As a result, Gyeongju had the lowest HRQoL in 2017. CONCLUSION: Mental health in the disaster area after the 2016 earthquake was worse, and the HRQoL of Gyeongju residents was relatively lower than the control regions. Based on the results of the study, government agencies should remain interested in developing a post-disaster psychological support program for disaster survivors at a community level.

Pattern of Smartphone Usage and Psychosocial Factors Affecting Smartphone Overdependence in Middle-Aged Women.

Studies suggest that the prevalence of smartphone overdependence has increased in middle-aged individuals; however, little is known about factors that may influence smartphone overdependence among middle-aged women. This study assessed the patterns of smartphone usage and the psychosocial factors affecting smartphone overdependence in middle-aged women. Middle-aged women (n = 135) in South Korea completed the Smartphone Overdependence Scale, Ego Resiliency Scale, Profile of Mood States-Brief, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and Subjective Happiness Scale. The data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. The mean smartphone duration per use was 13.41 ± 10.82 minutes, the mean frequency of smartphone usage per day was 23.06 ± 20.29, and the most used smartphone function was messaging. Smartphone overdependence occurred in 13 (9.63%) of the 135 middle-aged women, and higher tension (OR = 1.34, p = .011), less vigor (OR = 0.83, p = .040), and less social support from significant others (OR = 0.40, p = .010) were significantly associated with an increased likelihood of smartphone overdependence. This study has value as a first step in examining smartphone overdependence and its psychosocial predictive factors among middle-aged women. A smartphone overdependence intervention for middle-aged women could include activities that reduce tension, increase vigor, and enhance offline social support.

Development and Cross-cultural Validation of the Korean Version of SMArtphone's uSability Heuristics (SMASH).

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to develop and cross-culturally validate the Korean version of SMArtphone's uSability Heuristics (K-SMASH). METHODS: In the study, it was used the adaptation process consisted of five stages, namely, translation, synthesis, back translation, expert committee review, and pretesting. In the pretesting stage, a mobile application, using the prefinal K-SMASH, was evaluated for the severity of usability problems by three experts in computer science and informatics. Each participant completed the evaluation and was interviewed about their understanding, interpretation, and opinion of the cultural relevance of the prefinal K-SMASH. Next, we reviewed the differences in the experts' opinions and the questionnaire results. RESULTS: Twelve SMASH items, words and sentences, were translated, back translated, and revised, considering the conceptual meaning in the context of the Korean culture, by experts in various fields, including a Korean linguist and a bilingual translator, through the first stage to the fourth stage. In the pretesting stage, the results showed no major differences among the severity ratings of participants. Furthermore, all participants answered that there were no critical discrepancies or inconsistencies with the cultural relevance of the prefinal K-SMASH. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study provide preliminary evidence that the modified K-SMASH can be used for heuristic evaluation, one of the usability tests, when developing applications in Korea.

Development of computer-tailored education program for patients with total hip replacement.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to develop a Web-based computer-tailored education program to promote self-care for patients with total hip replacement. METHODS: The program was developed in five phases. RESULTS: Phase 1: Program content was developed, including the educational needs of patients with total hip replacement, based on a review of previous research and literature. Phase 2: A computer-tailored algorithm written as a series of 'if-then' statements was developed to offer the appropriate type of intervention based on an individual's personal health characteristics. Phase 3: A professional Web programmer produced then the program for use on the Web. Phase 4: An expert evaluation was performed focusing on two aspects, Web contents and website design. SPSS ver. 16.0 was used for the analysis, and grade point averages were used to compare each evaluation item. Phase 5: Based on comments from the experts' evaluation, modifications and revisions were made, and the program was completed. CONCLUSIONS: The developed program presented tailored messages using animations, video and flash considering the individual health status and characteristics of the primary target generation. In addition, the expert evaluation confirmed the validity of the program's content and design.