Using chemical and DNA marker analysis to authenticate a high-value food, manuka honey.

Ensuring the authenticity of food is a rapidly emerging issue, especially in regard to high-value products that are marketed through increasingly complex global food chains. With the ever-increasing potential for mislabeling, fraud and adulteration, governments are increasingly having to invest in, and assure, the authenticity of foods in international trade. This is particularly the case for manuka honey, an iconic New Zealand food product. We show how the authenticity of a specific type of honey can be determined using a combination of chemicals derived from nectar and DNA derived from pollen. We employ an inter-disciplinary approach to evaluate a selection of authenticity markers, followed by classification modelling to produce criteria that consistently identify manuka honey from New Zealand. The outcome of our work provides robust identification criteria that can be applied in a regulatory setting to authenticate a high-value natural food. Our approach can transfer to other foods where assurance of authenticity must take into account a high level of natural variability.

Optimization of Novel Indazoles as Highly Potent and Selective Inhibitors of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase δ for the Treatment of Respiratory Disease.

Optimization of lead compound 1, through extensive use of structure-based design and a focus on PI3Kδ potency, isoform selectivity, and inhaled PK properties, led to the discovery of clinical candidates 2 (GSK2269557) and 3 (GSK2292767) for the treatment of respiratory indications via inhalation. Compounds 2 and 3 are both highly selective for PI3Kδ over the closely related isoforms and are active in a disease relevant brown Norway rat acute OVA model of Th2-driven lung inflammation.