Indigenous Women's Resistance of Colonial Policies, Practices, and Reproductive Coercion.

This analysis of urban Indigenous women's experiences on the Homeland of the Métis and Treaty One (Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada), Treaty Four (Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada), and Treaty Six (Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada) territories illustrates that Indigenous women have recently experienced coercion when interacting with healthcare and social service providers in various settings. Drawing on analysis of media, study conversations, and policies, this collaborative, action-oriented project with 32 women and Two-Spirit collaborators demonstrated a pattern of healthcare and other service providers subjecting Indigenous women to coercive practices related to tubal ligations, long-term contraceptives, and abortions. We foreground techniques Indigenous women use to assert their rights within contexts of reproductive coercion, including acts of refusal, negotiation, and sharing community knowledge. By recognizing how colonial relations shape Indigenous women's experiences, decision-makers and service providers can take action to transform institutional cultures so Indigenous women can navigate their reproductive decision-making with safety and dignity.

Wilp Wa'ums: colonial encounter, decolonization and medical care among the Nisga'a.

The Nisga'a Nation of Northwestern British Columbia have been pioneers in the area of obtaining administrative control over health services. This would seem to mark the end of medical colonialism for this First Nation. But the author argues that health program devolution, in this case, was part of a longer tradition of incorporating aspects of non-Native medicine in a way that supported Nisga'a social structure. Nevertheless, the author argues that health program devolution is part of the process of decolonization since it has supported the traditional social structure, enhanced community self-esteem and provided an opportunity for the locus of control to shift from the medical profession and the federal government to Nisga'a people. This paper sets the development of Nisga'a-centered health care in a historical context that sees the Nisga'a exerting a resistive will in the context of medical colonialism in twentieth century British Columbia.