Chryseobacterium frigidum sp. nov., isolated from high-Arctic tundra soil, and emended descriptions of Chryseobacterium bernardetii and Chryseobacterium taklimakanense.

A yellow, Gram-reaction-negative, non-motile, aerobic bacterium, designated D07T, was isolated from a tundra soil near Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard archipelago, Norway (78° N). Growth occurred at 4-37 °C (optimum 28-30 °C) and at pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum pH 7.0-8.0). The strain produced flexirubin-type pigments. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain D07T belonged to the genus Chryseobacterium in the family Flavobacteriaceae. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of this strain showed 93.83 and 93.31 % sequence similarity, respectively, to those of Chryseobacterium contaminans C26T and Chryseobacterium taklimakanense X-65T. Strain D07T contained anteiso-C15 : 0 (25.91 %), iso-C15 : 0 (16.05 %), iso-C16 : 0 3-OH (9.64 %), iso-C16 : 0 (9.42 %) and iso-C14 : 0 (7.36 %) as the predominant cellular fatty acids, MK-6 as the major respiratory quinone and phosphatidylethanolamine, five unknown aminolipids and three unknown lipids as the main polar lipids. The DNA G+C content was 49.3 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain D07T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Chryseobacterium, for which the name Chryseobacterium frigidum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is D07T ( = CCTCC AB 2011160T = KCTC 42897T). Emended descriptions of Chryseobacterium bernardetii and Chryseobacterium taklimakanense are also provided.

Risungbinella pyongyangensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a mesophilic member of the family Thermoactinomycetaceae isolated from an agricultural soil sample.

A mesophilic strain, designed MC 210T, was isolated from an agricultural soil sample from Pyongyang, Democratic People's Republic of Korea, and its taxonomic position was investigated by using a polyphasic approach. The novel strain grew well on PYI medium, and no diffusible pigments were produced. The optimum temperature for growth was 37 °C. The aerial mycelium was well developed, but not fragmented. The strain was Gram-reaction-positive and non-motile and formed endospores on the aerial mycelium. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain MC 210T belongs to the family Thermoactinomycetaceae. Strain MC 210T showed 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 92.90 and 92.54% to the type strains of Geothermomicrobium terrae and Shimazuella kribbensis, respectively. The cell wall of strain MC 210T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid and alanine as the diagnostic amino acids, and whole-cell hydrolysates contained glucose, arabinose and galactose. Strain MC 210T contained anteiso-C13 : 0, iso-C14 : 0, C14 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C13 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acids. The main polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, two unknown aminophospholipids, an unknown aminolipid, three unknown phospholipids and five unknown polar lipids. The predominant menaquinone was MK-7.The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 42.1 mol%. On the basis of our phylogenetic, physiological and chemotaxonomic data, strain MC 210T is considered to represent a novel genus and species, for which we propose the name Risungbinella pyongyangensis gen. nov., sp. nov., in the family Thermoactinomycetaceae. The type strain of Risungbinella pyongyangensis is MC 210T (CCTCC AA 2013021T = NRRL B-59118T).

Restriction endonuclease T.Smu451I with new cleavage specificity-neoschizomer of T.AsuI.

A specific type II restriction endonuclease T.Smu451I has been purified to electrophoretic homogeneity from the frozen cells of soil bacterium Sphingobacterium multivorum 451 (formerly Flavobacterium multivorum 451), using ultrasonic grinding, nucleic acid removal by streptomycin sulfate, protein precipitation by ammonium sulfate and phosphocellulose P-11, DEAE-Cellulose DE-52, Hepharin-Sepharose CL-6B chromatography, and elucidated several characteristics of T.Smu451I. The molecular weight of the enzyme determined by gel filtration and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was calculated to be 45,000 ± 2000 D (dimer) and 23,000 ± 1000 D (monomer), respectively. The isoelectric point (pI) of T.Smu451I is 5.4. T.Smu451I recognizes pentanucleotide palindromic sequences 5'-GGNC↓C-3' and cleaves between C and C in position shown by arrow to produce 3'-cohesive terminus of trinucleotide. Therefore, T.Smu451I is a neoschizomer of T.AsuI.