RESUMEN
Perovskite solar cells achieved a record for power conversion efficiency of over 26 % for single junction cells and 34 % for planar silicon/perovskite tandems. These cells can be manufactured from low-cost materials with low-tech production techniques. As a result, it attracted great attention for future solar technology and multiple performance and stability studies have been reported in research articles. This work summarizes recent (2019-2023) reports on outdoor performance and stability tests of perovskite solar cells and modules in different locations and climate conditions. The review realized that there are limited works on outdoor testing of perovskite solar cells, and found only one year is the maximum long-term outdoor stability reported as at the time this review was conducted. The reports of this review demonstrated that accelerated aging tests of perovskite solar cells under harsh conditions such as elevated temperature, damp heat, and high relative humidity cannot replace realistic outdoor testing. As a result, studying the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells and modules under real outdoor conditions is very important to realize its commercialization.
RESUMEN
In this paper, we use Polyethylene Oxide (PEO) particles to control the morphology of Formamidinium (FA)-rich perovskite films and achieve large grains with improved optoelectronic properties. Consequently, a planar perovskite solar cell (PSC) is fabricated with additions of 5 wt% of PEO, and the highest PCE of 18.03% was obtained. This solar cell is also shown to retain up to 80% of its initial PCE after about 140 h of storage under the ambient conditions (average relative humidity of 62.5 ± 3.25%) in an unencapsulated state. Furthermore, the steady-state PCE of the PEO-modified PSC device remained stable for long (over 2500 s) under continuous illumination. This addition of PEO particles is shown to enable the tuning of the optoelectronic properties of perovskite films, improvements in the overall photophysical properties of PSCs, and an increase in resistance to the degradation of PSCs.