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1.
Cancer Radiother ; 28(1): 56-65, 2024 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37286452

RESUMEN

Metastatic bladder and renal cancers account respectively for 2.1% and 1.8% of cancer deaths worldwide. The advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors has revolutionized the management of metastatic disease, by demonstrating considerable improvements in overall survival. However, despite initial sensitivity to immune checkpoint inhibitors for most patients, both bladder and renal cancer are associated with short progression-free survival and overall survival, raising the need for further strategies to improve their efficacy. Combining systemic therapies with local approaches is a longstanding concept in urological oncology, in clinical settings including both oligometastatic and polymetastatic disease. Radiation therapy has been increasingly studied with either cytoreductive, consolidative, ablative or immune boosting purposes, but the long-term impact of this strategy remains unclear. This review intends to address the impact of radiation therapy with either curative or palliative intent, for synchronous de novo metastatic bladder and renal cancers.


Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Renales , Vejiga Urinaria , Humanos , Inhibidores de Puntos de Control Inmunológico , Neoplasias Renales/radioterapia , Supervivencia sin Progresión
2.
Cancer Radiother ; 27(6-7): 568-572, 2023 Sep.
Artículo en Francés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37543493

RESUMEN

The incidence of primary renal cancer is increasing, particularly in elderly patients who may have comorbidities and/or a surgical contraindications. Stereotactic body radiotherapy has primarily been evaluated retrospectively to date. The most commonly used dose schedules are 40Gy in five fractions, 42Gy in three fractions, and 26Gy in one fraction. The results in terms of local control and toxicity are very encouraging. The advantages of stereotactic body radiotherapy compared to thermal ablative treatments are its non-invasive nature, absence of general anesthesia, ability to treat larger lesions, and those close to the renal hilum. Prospective evaluations are still necessary.


Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Células Renales , Neoplasias Renales , Radiocirugia , Humanos , Anciano , Neoplasias Renales/radioterapia , Neoplasias Renales/patología , Carcinoma de Células Renales/radioterapia , Carcinoma de Células Renales/cirugía , Radiocirugia/métodos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Riñón
3.
Cancer Radiother ; 26(5): 717-723, 2022 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35715353

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: Anaplastic thyroid carcinomas (ATC) are a heterogenous group of tumors of overall dismal prognosis. We designed models to identify relevant prognostic factors of survival of irradiated ATC patients including radiotherapy modalities (field size, dose). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between 2000 and 2017, 166 ATC patients' treatments were divided into surgery and postoperative radiotherapy (poRT) or definitive radiotherapy (RT). Multiple imputation approach was used for missing data. Prognostic factors were identified using Lasso-penalized Cox modelling and predicted risk scores were built. RESULTS: Patients undergoing RT (n=70) had more adverse patient and disease characteristics than those undergoing poRT (n=96). Corresponding median survival rates were 5.4 and 12.1 months, respectively. PoRT patients undergoing poRT more likely received extended-field radiotherapy with prophylactic nodal irradiation, but rather received platinum- vs. adriamycin-based chemoradiotherapy. Radiotherapy was conventionally fractionated, delivered >60Gy in 51.9% and 61.7% and used extended fields in 88.5% and 71.2% of patients with poRT or RT. Radiotherapy interruption rates for toxicity were similar in the two groups. The best poRT-group model identified age>45yo, PS≥1, pathologic tumor stage≥pT4b,>N1 and R2 resection as poor prognostic factors. The best RT-group model (C-index of 0.72) identified PS≥3,>N1 and extended-field radiotherapy with prophylactic nodal irradiation (as opposed to tumour-bed irradiation only) as poor prognostic factors. CONCLUSION: In patients undergoing poRT, radiotherapy parameters had little influence over their survival irrespective of patient, disease characteristics, and quality of resection. In patients undergoing RT, extended-field radiotherapy improved survival in addition to PS and nodal stage.


Asunto(s)
Carcinoma Anaplásico de Tiroides , Neoplasias de la Tiroides , Quimioradioterapia , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pronóstico , Radioterapia Adyuvante , Estudios Retrospectivos , Carcinoma Anaplásico de Tiroides/radioterapia , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/patología , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/radioterapia , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/cirugía
4.
Cancer Radiother ; 24(2): 138-142, 2020 Apr.
Artículo en Francés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32061532

RESUMEN

The decision to irradiate during pregnancy is based on a risk benefit compromise of two kinds: maternal risk and fetal risk. The aim of this work is to determine the foetal risk, and uterine dose measurement in proton therapy. Foetal exposure during treatment is linked to two sources: the treatment phase, and the repositioning phase. An Alderson-Rando anthropomorphic ghost (170cm, 74kg) was positioned on the table in the treatment position. A tissue-equivalent proportional counter (TEPC), adapted to the analysis of complex radiation fields (neutron and photonics), was used to determine the irradiation related to the treatment phase. An AT1123 radiation survey meter was used to measure photons generated by X-ray radiation. I dosimetry was proposed using radio-photoluminescent dosimeters, allowing for a daily check of the dose received in the uterus. The treatment phase produces higher uterine doses than the positioning phase, but these remain very low. The equivalent dose received in the uterus for the entire treatment is estimated at 840 µSv. Using a methodology for measuring the out-of-field dose with pencil beam scanning proton therapy, the foetal dose in the first trimester was well below the acceptance dose of 100 mGy determined by the International Commission on Radiological Protection.


Asunto(s)
Feto/efectos de la radiación , Posicionamiento del Paciente/efectos adversos , Complicaciones Neoplásicas del Embarazo/radioterapia , Exposición a la Radiación , Útero/efectos de la radiación , Adulto , Femenino , Cabeza/efectos de la radiación , Humanos , Neutrones , Posicionamiento del Paciente/métodos , Fantasmas de Imagen , Fotones , Embarazo , Primer Trimestre del Embarazo
5.
Cancer Radiother ; 24(8): 851-859, 2020 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33129717

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: Flaps are increasingly used during reconstructive surgery of head and neck cancers to improve functional outcomes. There are no guidelines as to whether the whole flap or its anastomotic border should be included in the primary tumour target volume of postoperative radiotherapy to prevent local relapses. Relapse and toxicity rates can increase substantially if the whole flap received full dose. Our aim was to determine whether flaps were included in the primary tumour target volume and to report the patterns of relapse and toxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Consecutive patients in 2014 through 2016, with or without a flap, receiving postoperative radiotherapy were selected in a retrospective monocentric control study. Flaps were homogenously delineated blind to treating radiation oncologists using a flap-specific atlas. Tumour recurrence, acute and late toxicity were evaluated using univariate and propensity score analyses. RESULTS: A hundred patients were included; 54 with a flap. Median flap volume included in the tumour volume was 80.9%. Twelve patients experienced local recurrences: six with a flap, among whom two within their flap (3.7%). Patients with flaps had larger median tumour volumes to be irradiated (25cm3 versus 58cm3, p<0.001) and higher acute/late toxicity rates (p<0.001) even after adjustment on biases (more advanced T stage, oral cavity, active smoking in patients with flaps). Locoregional recurrence and survival rates were similar between patients with/without a flap. CONCLUSION: Recurrences within a flap were rare in this series when including the whole flap body in the 60Gy-clinical target volume but inclusion of the flap in the primary tumour target volume increased toxicity. Multicentric studies are warranted.


Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/radioterapia , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/cirugía , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia , Colgajos Quirúrgicos/trasplante , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Análisis de Varianza , Femenino , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/mortalidad , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/diagnóstico por imagen , Cuidados Posoperatorios/métodos , Puntaje de Propensión , Traumatismos por Radiación/etiología , Procedimientos de Cirugía Plástica/métodos , Estudios Retrospectivos
6.
Cancer Radiother ; 24(6-7): 649-657, 2020 Oct.
Artículo en Francés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32782167

RESUMEN

Advances in the reconstructive surgery and minimally invasive endonasal endoscopic surgery of head and neck is poorly evaluated in terms of their impact on radiotherapy planning and outcomes. These surgical advances have resulted in reduced morbidity with equivalent or better tumor control. In the absence of a recommendation on how to delineate target volumes in patients with flaps or to consider margins after endoscopic endonasal surgery, radiotherapy practices are inevitably heterogeneous. Efforts are needed to increase the therapeutic index of postoperative radiotherapy in these situations. We analysed the rare existing literature and outlined a preliminary basis for a recommendation. Strengthening of multidisciplinarity to accurately define target volumes in these complex and relatively new situations, and "delineation concertation meetings" between radiologists, surgeons and radiation oncologists could probably contribute to improved outcomes.


Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/radioterapia , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/cirugía , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Mínimamente Invasivos , Procedimientos de Cirugía Plástica , Carga Tumoral/efectos de la radiación , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/patología , Humanos , Dosificación Radioterapéutica
7.
Radiother Oncol ; 151: 256-265, 2020 10.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32890610

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: Reconstructive surgery in head and neck cancers frequently involves the use of autologous flaps to improve functional outcomes. However, the literature suggests that postoperative radiotherapy deteriorates functional outcomes due to flap atrophy and fibrosis. Data on patterns of relapse after postoperative radiotherapy with a flap are lacking, resulting in heterogenous delineation of postoperative clinical target volumes (CTV). Flap delineation is unusual in routine practice and there are no guidelines on how to delineate flaps. Therefore, we aim to propose a guideline for flap delineation in head and neck cancers to assess dose-effects more accurately with respect to flaps. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Common flaps were selected. They were delineated by radiation oncologists and head and neck surgeons based on operative reports, on contrast-enhanced planning CTs and checked by a radiologist. Each flap was divided into its vascular pedicle and its soft tissue components (fat, fascia/ muscle, skin, bone). RESULTS: Delineation (body and pedicle) of Facial Artery Musculo-Mucosal, pectoralis, radial forearm, anterolateral thigh, fibula and scapula flaps was performed. Based on information provided in operative reports, i.e. tissue components, size and location, flaps can be identified. The various tissue components of each flap can be individualized to facilitate the delineation. CONCLUSION: This atlas could serve as a guide for the delineation of flaps and may serve to conduct studies evaluating dose-effects, geometric patterns of failure or functional outcomes after reconstructive surgery. Changes in postoperative CTV definitions might be needed to improve risk/benefit ratio in the future based on surgery-induced changes.


Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia , Cabeza , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/radioterapia , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/cirugía , Humanos , Cuello , Estudios Retrospectivos , Colgajos Quirúrgicos
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