Booster shot of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine induces potent immune responses in people living with HIV.

This study aimed to investigate the immunogenicity to SARS-CoV-2 and evasive subvariants BA.4/5 in people living with HIV (PLWH) following a third booster shot of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. We conducted a cross-sectional study in 318 PLWH and 241 healthy controls (HC) using SARS-CoV-2 immunoassays. Vaccine-induced immunological responses were compared before and after the third dose. Serum levels of IgG anti-RBD and inhibition rate of NAb were significantly elevated at the "post-third dose" sampling time compared with the pre-third dose in PLWH, but were relatively decreased in contrast with those of HCs. Induced humoral and cellular responses attenuated over time after triple-dose vaccination. The neutralizing capacity against BA.4/5 was also intensified but remained below the positive inhibition threshold. Seropositivity of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies in PLWH was prominently lower than that in HC. We also identified age, CD4 cell counts, time after the last vaccination, and WHO staging type of PLWH as independent factors associated with the seropositivity of antibodies. PLWH receiving booster shot of inactivated vaccines generate higher antibody responses than the second dose, but lower than that in HCs. Decreased anti-BA.4/5 responses than that of WT impede the protective effect of the third dose on Omicron prevalence.

Correlation among maximum standardized 18F-FDG uptake and pathological differentiation, tumor size, and Ki67 in patients with moderately and poorly differentiated intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation among the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) on fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and tumor differentiation, size, and Ki67 in patients with moderately and poorly differentiate dintrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging data of 116 patients with single ICC lesions confirmed by pathology were retrospectively evaluated. Pathological characteristics of the tumor such as the largest tumor diameter, differentiation, Ki67 expression, SUVmax of the primary tumor, and the tumor to normal background ratio (TNR) were recorded. RESULTS: Among the 116 lesions, 45, 51, and 20 lesions were classified into the moderately differentiated, moderately-poorly, and poorly differentiated groups, respectively. There were significant differences in the SUVmax (P=0.033) and TNR (P=0.044) among the three groups. Maximum SUV was significantly correlated with differentiation (r=0.244, P=0.008). When the cases were categorized according to the tumor size (group 1, ≤3cm, n=14; group 2, >3 and ≤5 cm, n=37; group 3, >5 and ≤10 cm, n=52; group 4, >10 cm, n=13), there were significant differences in the SUVmax (P<0.001) and TNR (P<0.001) among the four groups. Maximum SUV was significantly correlated with tumor size (r=0.481, P<0.001). Among the 116 lesions, 38 lesions and 78 lesions were classified into the low Ki67 and high Ki67 expression groups, respectively. There were significant differences in the SUVmax (P=0.028) and TNR (P=0.007) between the two groups. Maximum SUV was significantly correlated with Ki67 expression (r=0.242, P=0.009). CONCLUSION: In moderately and poorly differentiated ICC, the SUVmax and TNR are significantly associated with tumor differentiation, size, and Ki67 expression.

Exploration of percutaneous vertebroplasty in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture as day surgery: a retrospective study.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate and compare the clinical outcomes of patients underwent PVP for OVCF as day surgery with the outcomes of patients managed as traditional inpatients. METHODS: According to the selection criteria, patients who underwent PVP for single-segment thoracolumbar OVCF were included retrospectively in the day surgery procedure (DSP) group and the traditional inpatient procedure (TIP) group between April 2018 and September 2019. The visual analog scale score (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) score were recorded preoperatively and 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months after surgery. Duration of hospital stay, preoperative waiting time, hospital cost, and postoperative complications were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 335 patients (53 in DSP group; 282 in TIP group) were enrolled and completed 12-month follow-up. The mean duration of hospital stay, the mean preoperative waiting time, and the mean hospital costs were significant lower in the DSP group. The postoperative VAS and ODI scores in both groups were significantly improved after surgery. Moreover, both VAS and ODI scores at each follow-up stage were also significantly lower than the previous follow-up stage. However, the ODI score in the DSP group was significantly lower at 1-day, 1-week, 1-month, and 3-month follow-up, respectively. For cement leakage and secondary vertebral compression fractures, there was no statistical difference between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that PVP for OVCFs in day surgery procedure is worthy of wide application.

Andersson's lesion in ankylosing spondylitis diagnosed by 18F-FDG PET/CT.

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a form of arthritis that affects the spine, the sacroiliac joints and sometimes the hips and shoulders. Andersson lesion (AL), was first described by Andersson in 1937 as a destructive vertebral body and discovertebral portion of the spine in AS. In this case, we report a 50 years old man with medical history of AS diagnosed AL by fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT).

Neovascularization of hepatocellular carcinoma in a nude mouse orthotopic liver cancer model: a morphological study using X-ray in-line phase-contrast imaging.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to determine whether synchrotron radiation (SR)-based X-ray in-line phase-contrast imaging (IL-PCI) can be used to investigate the morphological characteristics of tumor neovascularization in a liver xenograft animal model. METHODS: A human hepatocellular carcinoma HCCLM3 xenograft model was established in nude mice. Xenografts were sampled each week for 4 weeks and fixed to analyze tissue characteristics and neovascularization using SR-based X-ray in-line phase contrast computed tomography (IL-XPCT) without any contrast agent. RESULTS: The effect of the energy level and object-to-detector distance on phase-contrast difference was in good agreement with the theory of IL-PCI. Boundaries between the tumor and adjacent normal tissues at week 1 were clearly observed in two-dimensional phase contrast projection imaging. A quantitative contrast difference was observed from weeks 1 to 4. Moreover, 3D image reconstruction of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) samples showed blood vessels inside the tumor were abnormal. The smallest blood vessels measured approximately 20 µm in diameter. The tumor vascular density initially increased and then decreased gradually over time. The maximum tumor vascular density was 4.29% at week 2. CONCLUSION: IL-XPCT successfully acquired images of neovascularization in HCC xenografts in nude mice.

An imaging target TGF-ß1 for hepatocellular carcinoma in mice.

It has been reported that the positive detection rate of Fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) metabolism in positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is only about 50%. In particular, 18F-FDG PET imaging is prone to false negative findings in HCC. Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-ß1) shows over expression rates in early HCC liver tissue growth and promotes tumor invasion and metastases. Our aim was to use In this study, we used the feasibility of iodine-125 (125I)-labeled TGF-ß1 antibody as a nuclear medicine imaging target in HCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The TGF-ß1 antibody was obtained from Bioss Inc. The Huh-7 cell line (Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University) is a HCC cell line with high metastatic potential. Each mouse was subcutaneously injected with 5×106/0.1mL Huh-7 cells in the right upper flank region for the establishment of a subcutaneous xenograft model. The Iodogen method was used to label TGF-ß1 antibody with 125I. In this experiment, 100µL of 125I- TGF-ß1 antibody solution, which contained approximately 18,5MBq of 125I-liraglutide, was injected into the tail veins of each of three nude mice with Huh-7 HCC. Micro SPET/CT imaging was performed for each mouse using a nano SPET/CT. RESULTS: The average percentage of injected dose per gram of tissue (ID%) was 1,3% and 2,4%. The tumor was strongly positive for TGF-ß1. CONCLUSION: This pilot study provides an experimental basis for further exploration of the feasibility of TGF-ß1 receptor as a target in HCC imaging and in other cancers.

Nineteen cases with synchronous multiple primary cancers studied by 18F-FDG PET/CT.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the value of fluorine -18-fuoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) in evaluating synchronous multiple primary cancers (SMPC). METHODS: Nineteen patients with pathologically-confirmed SMPC were collected. Clinical and 18F-FDG PET/CT characteristics of these patients were reviewed and analyzed. Maximum standardized uptake value, (SUVmax) of all lesions was measured and difference (Δ)SUVmax between the SUV of two primary tumors in each patient was calculated as: [(the larger SUVmax - the smaller SUVmax)/ the larger SUVmax]×100%. RESULTS: A total of 38 lesions were identified, which were most frequently located in gastrointestinal tract (n=16), followed by lung (n=10), breast (n=4), kidney (n=4), liver (n=2), pancreas (n=1) and thyroid (n=1). Pathologies of these 38 lesions were 18 adenocarcinomas, 8 squamous cell carcinomas, 4 breast invasive ductal carcinomas, 4 renal cell carcinomas, 2 hepatocellular carcinomas, 1 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and 1 papillary thyroid carcinoma. The mean SUVmax of all lesions was 8.5±6.9, most of them being more than 2.5 (n=30). The mean ΔSUVmax was 57.3%±24.6%, indicating different metabolism of the primary cancers in each patient. CONCLUSION: In our center, SMPC most commonly involved the gastrointestinal tract and adenocarcinomas were the most common pathology type. 18F-FDG PET/CT was useful in the diagnosis of SMPC and the ΔSUVmax indicates different pathological origins of the synchronous cancers.

Primary pulmonary artery sarcoma differentiated from pulmonary thromboembolism by ventilation-perfusion scan. Long survival of the patient.

UNLABELLED: Primary pulmonary artery sarcoma (PAS) is a rare and highly lethal tumor. Here, we report a case of a 53-year-old female with PAS who was initially diagnosed with chronic pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) based on the results of a transthoracic Doppler echocardiogram, a contrast-enhanced computed tomography angiography, and a ventilation/perfusion lung scan. CONCLUSION: We emphasize the difficulties in diagnosing PAS, the need to investigate this neoplasm in the differential diagnosis of PTE, the diagnostic value of different imaging techniques in the identification of the the tumor, and the efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy in prolonging survival.

Sarcomatoid carcinoma of the lung mimics aspergilloma on ¹8F-FDG PET/CT.

Primary PSC in the lung is a rare malignant cancer that represents a particularly aggressive subtype of non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC) containing sarcoma or sarcoma-like components with spindle or giant cell features. The medical literature referring to imaging characteristics by fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (¹8F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) of these tumors is very limited. We present a case of PSC with air crescent and halo signs that resemble aspergilloma on the ¹8F-FDG PET/CT, scan.

Imaging by ¹8F-FDG PET/CT of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with cellulitis.

Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) quite often present in the neck but are seldom accompanied with cellulitis at the first diagnosis of the disease. We report a 56 year old woman with gradually neck swelling, which was initially treated as cellulitis. After examined by ultrasonography, computed tomography and after pathologically assessments, the diagnosis of large B-cell lymphoma was made. This case highlights the usefulness of fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (¹8F-FDG PET/CT) in staging and assessing treatment response in NHL.

Gastric Schwannoma mimicking malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumor and misdiagnosed by (18)F-FDG PET/CT.

Gastric Schwannoma is a rare benign mesenchymal tumor that accounts for only 0.2% of all gastric tumors. The current study presents a case of gastric Schwannoma misdiagnosed as malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) by esophagogastroduodenoscopy, endoscopic ultrasonography, and contrast-enhanced or not enhanced and (18)F-FDG PET/CT imaging.

Optimized image acquisition parameters for imaging radioactive iodine-125 seed implantation for cancer treatment.

OBJECTIVE: Using nuclear medicine imaging, we explored suitable acquisition window parameters for assessing the distribution of iodine-125 radioactive seed implantation. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We studied 30 patients with various tumors (21 of which were liver cancers) who had received iodine-125 radioactive seed implantation and had undergone whole-body scintigraphy. Scintigraphy images were acquired at a magnification of 1.0 in a 1024×256 matrix and at a scan speed of 25cm/min. Energy peaks were set to 29keV or 35keV, and energy window widths were set to 20%, 50%, 70% and 100%, the image data were divided into eight groups. After image processing under the same conditions, the eight groups of whole-body scintigraphy images were assessed by three experienced nuclear medicine physicians. Two acceptable groups of images were selected from the eight groups of images for each patient. The regions of interest (ROI) of iodine-125, background and whole-body scintigraphy images were outlined to calculate the iodine-125 to background ratio of the radioactive counts and the iodine-125 to whole-body scintigraphy ratio of the radioactive counts. RESULTS: Through subjective evaluation by three physicians, the percentages of acceptable images of groups 2, 3 and 7 were more than 50%, with group 2 showing the highest percentage. Furthermore, no statistical significant difference was found in the iodine-125 seed target/background ratio and iodine-125 seed target/whole-body scintigraphy ratio among the three groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: The parameters to yield high-quality images of iodine-125 radioactive seed were chosen to be an energy peak of 29keV, an energy window width of 50% and a scan speed of 25cm/min.

Evaluation of the therapeutic response by (99m)Tc-ECD-SPET in a female with non-organic depression, generalized anxiety and heterophobia.

This is the case of a 33 years old female patient who was diagnosed with depression and heterophobia, which progressed to generalized anxiety according to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Health Related Problems, 10th Revision (ICD-10), Version for 2010 diagnostic criteria. The clinical symptoms of the patient were significantly improved after effective treatment. The patient underwent before and after treatment 99mTc-ethyl cysteinate dimmer ((99m)Tc-ECD) brain single-photon emission tomography (SPET). A great improvement in regional cerebral blood flow was found after treatment. In conclusion, this case highlights the value of brain perfusion SPET scan in providing objective imaging evidence of diagnosis and treatment evaluation in a patient with non-organic mental disorder.

Social media use, cyber victimization, and adjustment during COVID-19 virtual learning: A short-term longitudinal study among Chinese middle school students.

This study investigated the changes in social media use and cyber victimization before (November 2019) and during the COVID-19 pandemic (March 2020) among Chinese middle school students. It also examined the relation between cyber victimization and school adjustment overtime, and whether depressive symptoms mediated this relation and whether the social media use moderated this relation. We collected two waves of survey data from 651 seventh to ninth grade students (Mage = 13.93, SDage = 1.17, 50.5% male) from two middle schools from Beijing, China over 4 months. Results indicated that middle school students spent more time on social media during the pandemic than before COVID-19 (d = 0.55). Cyber victimization was prevalent among Chinese middle school students at both time points (37.2% of students at T1 and 34.6% of students at T2 experienced some cyberbullying). The relationships between cyber victimization at T1 and T2 and school adjustment at T2 were fully mediated by depressive symptoms at T2. The indirect effects were -0.06 (mediation model, 95% CI [-0.12, -0.01], p = .02) and -0.07 (serial multiple mediation model, 95% CI [-0.11, -0.04], p < .001). Students' excessive social media use (more than 1 hr per day) also moderated this mediation. Specifically, for students who used social media excessively, cyber victimization at T1 directly predicted depressive symptoms at T2. However, this relation was not significant among students who used social media moderately (1 hr or less per day). These results highlight the importance of collaboration between educators and parents to monitor students' social media use, cyber victimization, and depressive symptoms in order to promote adjustment during COVID-19 virtual learning. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

The role of platelets in central hubs of inflammation: A literature review.

Platelets are increasingly recognized for their multifaceted roles in inflammation beyond their traditional involvement in haemostasis. This review consolidates knowledge on platelets as critical players in inflammatory responses. This study did an extensive search of electronic databases and identified studies on platelets in inflammation, focusing on molecular mechanisms, cell interactions, and clinical implications, emphasizing recent publications. Platelets contribute to inflammation via surface receptors, release of mediators, and participation in neutrophil extracellular trap formation. They are implicated in diseases like atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and sepsis, highlighting their interaction with immune cells as pivotal in the onset and resolution of inflammation. Platelets are central to regulating inflammation, offering new therapeutic targets for inflammatory diseases. Future research should explore specific molecular pathways of platelets in inflammation for therapeutic intervention.

Predictive value of the inconsistency between the residual and post-PCI QFR for prognosis in PCI patients.

Introduction: To investigate the prognostic value of the consistency between the residual quantitative flow ratio (QFR) and postpercutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) QFR in patients undergoing revascularization. Methods: This was a single-center, retrospective, observational study. All enrolled patients were divided into five groups according to the ΔQFR (defined as the value of the post-PCI QFR minus the residual QFR): (1) Overanticipated group; (2) Slightly overanticipated group; (3) Consistent group; (4) Slightly underanticipated group; and (5) Underanticipated group. The primary outcome was the 5-year target vessel failure (TVF). Results: A total of 1373 patients were included in the final analysis. The pre-PCI QFR and post-PCI QFR were significantly different among the five groups. TVF within 5 years occurred in 189 patients in all the groups. The incidence of TVF was significantly greater in the underanticipated group than in the consistent group (P = 0.008), whereas no significant differences were found when comparing the underanticipated group with the other three groups. Restricted cubic spline regression analysis showed that the risk of TVF was nonlinearly related to the ΔQFR. A multivariate Cox regression model revealed that a ΔQFR≤ -0.1 was an independent risk factor for TVF. Conclusions: The consistency between the residual QFR and post-PCI QFR may be associated with the long-term prognosis of patients. Patients whose post-PCI QFR is significantly lower than the residual QFR may be at greater risk of TVF. An aggressive PCI strategy for lesions is anticipated to have less functional benefit and may not result in a better clinical outcome.

COVID-19 vaccination willingness among people living with HIV in Shijiazhuang, China: a cross-sectional survey.

Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic imposed an enormous disease and economic burden worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is essential to containing the pandemic. People living with HIV (PLWH) may be more vulnerable to severe COVID-19 outcomes; thus, understanding their vaccination willingness and influencing factors is helpful in developing targeted vaccination strategies. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between 15 June and 30 August 2022 in Shijiazhuang, China. Variables included socio-demographic characteristics, health status characteristics, HIV-related characteristics, knowledge, and attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccination and COVID-19 vaccination status. Multivariable logistic regression was used to confirm factors associated with COVID-19 vaccination willingness among PLWH. Results: A total of 1,428 PLWH were included, with a 90.48% willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccination. PLWH were more unwilling to receive COVID-19 vaccination for those who were female or had a fair/poor health status, had an allergic history and comorbidities, were unconvinced and unsure about the effectiveness of vaccines, were unconvinced and unsure about the safety of vaccines, were convinced and unsure about whether COVID-19 vaccination would affect ART efficacy, or did not know at least a type of domestic COVID-19 vaccine. Approximately 93.00% of PLWH have received at least one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine among PLWH, and 213 PLWH (14.92%) reported at least one adverse reaction within 7 days. Conclusion: In conclusion, our study reported a relatively high willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccination among PLWH in Shijiazhuang. However, a small number of PLWH still held hesitancy; thus, more tailored policies or guidelines from the government should be performed to enhance the COVID-19 vaccination rate among PLWH.

[Hepatocellular carcinoma and angiogenesis imaging using synchrotron radiation].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the potential utility of microangiography with synchrotron radiation to detect murine hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) angiogenesis using an ex vivo model system. METHODS: An HCC xenograft model was established by implanting HCCLM3 cells into male mice livers (n = 6). Twenty-eight days later, three of the mice were randomly selected for barium sulfate infusion into the liver and tumor via the inferior vena cava followed by ligation of the arteries, veins and common bile duct; the remaining three mice were left untreated and served as controls. All mice were sacrificed to collect livers for analysis using the BL13W beamline X-ray imager (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, China). In addition, the tumor vasculature was evaluated by immunostaining of formalin-fixed tissues for CD31, CD34, and F8. RESULTS: High resolution images of tumor angiogenesis were acquired and image analysis indicated that the normal blood vessels had been displaced by the fast growing tumors. Abundant and tortuous tumor angiogenesis in the tumor periphery area and sparse angiogenesis inside the tumor were also visualized clearly. These features were similar to the immunohistological results. The smallest tumor vessels visualized were approximately 20 mum in diameter. CONCLUSION: Microangiography with synchrotron radiation using barium sulfate as contrast agent is a viable imaging strategy for tumor angiogenesis.

Combined early dynamic 18F-FDG PET/CT and conventional whole-body 18F-FDG PET/CT in hepatocellular carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the diagnostic value of early dynamic 18F-FDG PET/CT(ED 18F-FDG PET/CT) combined with conventional whole-body 18F-FDG PET/CT(WB 18F-FDG PET/CT) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), as well as the difference of early dynamic blood flow parameters and maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) in HCC patients with/without liver cirrhosis or microvascular invasion (MVI). METHODS: Twenty-two consecutive patients (mean age 57.8 years) with 28 established HCC lesions (mean size 4.5 cm) underwent a blood flow study with an 18F-FDG dynamic scan divided into 24 sequences of 5 s each and a standard PET/CT scan. On the ED PET/CT study, an experienced PET/CT physician obtained volumes of interest (VOIs) where three blood flow estimates (time to peak [TTP], blood flow [BF], and hepatic perfusion index [HPI]) were calculated. On the WB PET/CT study, a VOI was placed on the fused scan for each HCC and maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) was obtained. Comparison of blood flow estimates, SUVmax, and tumor/background ratio (TNR) was performed among HCCs with and without angioinvasion, as well as HCCs in cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic liver. RESULTS: Compared with WB 18F-FDG PET/CT alone, ED combined with WB 18F-FDG PET/CT can significantly increase the detection rate of moderately differentiated and poorly differentiated HCCs (both P < 0.05). HPI was higher in HCCs in patients with liver cirrhosis than those without liver cirrhosis (P = 0.044). There was no significant difference in TTP, BF, SUVmax, or TNR between HCCs in patients with liver cirrhosis and those without liver cirrhosis. There was no significant difference in blood flow estimates or SUVmax in background liver parenchyma between patients with and those without cirrhosis. TTP was shorter in HCCs with MVI than without MVI (P = 0.046). There was no significant difference in BF, HPI, SUVmax, or TNR between HCCs with MVI and without MVI. There was no significant difference in blood flow estimates or SUVmax in background liver parenchyma between patients with and those without MVI. CONCLUSION: ED combined with WB 18F-FDG PET/CT can significantly increase the detection rate of moderately differentiated and poorly differentiated HCCs. HPI was significantly higher in HCCs in patients with liver cirrhosis than those without liver cirrhosis. TTP was significantly shorter in HCCs with MVI than without MVI.

Revealing the Excellent Low-Temperature Activity of the Fe1-xCexOδ-S Catalyst for NH3-SCR: Improvement of the Lattice Oxygen Mobility.

The development of selective catalytic reduction catalysts by NH3(NH3-SCR) with excellent low-temperature activity and a wide temperature window is highly demanded but is still very challenging for the elimination of NOx emission from vehicle exhaust. Herein, a series of sulfated modified iron-cerium composite oxide Fe1-xCexOδ-S catalysts were synthesized. Among them, the Fe0.79Ce0.21Oδ-S catalyst achieved the highest NOx conversion of more than 80% at temperatures of 175-375 °C under a gas hourly space velocity of 100000 h-1. Sulfation formed a large amount of sulfate on the surface of the catalyst and provided rich Brønsted acid sites, thus enhancing its NH3 adsorption capacity and improving the overall NOx conversion efficiency. The introduction of Ce is the main determining factor in regulating the low-temperature activity of the catalyst by modulating its redox ability. Further investigation found that there is a strong interaction between Fe and Ce, which changed the electron density around the Fe ions in the Fe0.79Ce0.21Oδ-S catalyst. This weakened the strength of the Fe-O bond and improved the lattice oxygen mobility of the catalyst. During the reaction, the iron-cerium composite oxide catalyst showed higher surface lattice oxygen activity and a faster replenishment rate of bulk lattice oxygen. This significantly improved the adsorption and activation of NOx species and the activation of NH3 species on the catalyst surface, thus leading to the superior low-temperature activity of the catalyst.