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The utilization of azobenzene-based photoisomerization cannot only control the morphology of supramolecular assemblies, but can also regulate many biological processes. However, the design of azobenzene-involved nanoconstructs with switchable photoluminescence remains challenging because of the light-quenching ability of azobenzene. Herein, an azobenzene-derived multicomponent nanosystem is reported and its function as a supramolecular lanthanide photoswitch is explored. The metal chelation between lanthanide ions (Ln3+ = Eu3+ and Tb3+ ) and 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid is utilized as the light-emitting center but its inherent fluorescence emission is completely suppressed via the disordered motion of the adjoining azophenyl unit. Interestingly, the hydrophobic cavity of α-cyclodextrin can provide a confined microenvironment to immobilize the molecular conformation of trans-azobenzene, thus leading to the recovery of characteristic lanthanide luminescence both in aqueous solution and the hydrogel state. Also, the luminescence can be reversibly turned off when the cis-azobenzene is expelled from the cavity of α-cyclodextrin upon alternating light irradiation. This mutual cooperation arising from host-guest complexation and metal-ligand coordination confers the desired photoswitchable luminescence abilities on the commonly used azobenzenes, which may hold great promise in the creation of more advanced light-responsive smart materials.
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Ciclodextrinas , Elementos de la Serie de los Lantanoides , alfa-Ciclodextrinas , Ciclodextrinas/química , Elementos de la Serie de los Lantanoides/química , Luminiscencia , Conformación MolecularRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is a new pathogenic porcine intestinal coronavirus, which has appeared in many countries since 2012. PDCoV disease caused acute diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration and death in piglets, resulted in significant economic loss to the pig industry. However, there is no commercially available vaccine for PDCoV. In this study, we constructed recombinant pseudorabies virus (rPRVXJ-delgE/gI/TK-S) expressing PDCoV spike (S) protein and evaluated its safety and immunogenicity in mice. RESULTS: The recombinant strain rPRVXJ-delgE/gI/TK-S obtained by CRISPR/Cas gE gene editing technology and homologous recombination technology has genetic stability in baby hamster syrian kidney-21 (BHK-21) cells and is safe to mice. After immunizing mice with rPRVXJ-delgE/gI/TK-S, the expression levels of IFN-γ and IL-4 in peripheral blood of mice were up-regulated, the proliferation of spleen-specific T lymphocytes and the percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes in mice spleen was increased. rPRVXJ-delgE/gI/TK-S showed good immunogenicity for mice. On the seventh day after booster immunity, PRV gB and PDCoV S specific antibodies were detected in mice, and the antibody level continued to increase, and the neutralizing antibody level reached the maximum at 28 days post- immunization (dpi). The recombinant strain can protect mice with 100% from the challenge of virulent strain (PRV XJ) and accelerate the detoxification of PDCoV in mice. CONCLUSION: The recombinant rPRVXJ-delgE/gI/TK-S strain is safe and effective with strong immunogenicity and is expected to be a candidate vaccine against PDCoV and PRV.
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Infecciones por Coronavirus , Herpesvirus Suido 1 , Glicoproteína de la Espiga del Coronavirus/inmunología , Enfermedades de los Porcinos , Vacunas Virales/inmunología , Animales , Anticuerpos Antivirales , Infecciones por Coronavirus/prevención & control , Infecciones por Coronavirus/veterinaria , Deltacoronavirus , Herpesvirus Suido 1/genética , Herpesvirus Suido 1/inmunología , Ratones , Porcinos , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/prevención & control , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/virologíaRESUMEN
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is one of the most economically devastating viral diseases in the global pig industry. Recently, we isolated and plaque-purified porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) strain SC2020-1 from "aborted piglets" on a farm in Sichuan, China. To investigate the molecular biological characteristics of this strain, it was subjected to genome sequencing and analysis. The full-length genome sequence of strain SC2020-1 was 87.7% identical to that of the Lelystad strain (PRRSV type I protoype strain) and 82.2-84.8% identical to PRRSV type I isolates from China. NSP2, ORF3, and ORF4 were the most variable regions and contained discontinuous deletions or insertions when compared to other PRRSV type I strains. Phylogenetic analysis of the complete genome sequence showed that SC2020-1 clustered with PRRSV type I but outside of the three previously described branches (Lelystad virus-like, Amervac PRRS-like, and BJEU06-1-like). The Nsp2 gene was in the same branch with EUGDHD strains from China. This is the first report of PRRSV type I infection associated with abortion in sows in southwest China. Close attention should be paid to the prevention and control of this evolving virus.
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Síndrome Respiratorio y de la Reproducción Porcina/virología , Virus del Síndrome Respiratorio y Reproductivo Porcino/genética , Animales , China/epidemiología , Brotes de Enfermedades/veterinaria , Filogenia , Síndrome Respiratorio y de la Reproducción Porcina/epidemiología , PorcinosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is one of the most economically devastating diseases affecting the swine industry globally. Evaluation of antibody responses and neutralizing antibody titers is the most effective method for vaccine evaluation. In this study, the B cell line epitopes of PRRSV M protein were predicted, and two peptide ELISA assays were established (M-A110-129 ELISA, M-A148-174 ELISA) to detect antibodies against PRRSV M protein. Field serum samples collected from pig farms were used to validate the peptide ELISA and compare it with an indirect immunofluorescence assay. RESULTS: The sensitivity and specificity of M-A110-129 ELISA and M-A148-174 ELISA were (111/125) 88.80%, (69/70) 98.57% and (122/125) 97.60%, (70/70) 100%, relative to indirect immunofluorescence assay. This peptide ELISA could detect antibodies against different genotypes of PRRSV including type 1 PRRSV, classical PRRSV, HP-PRRSV, and NADC30 like PRRSV, but not antibodies against other common swine viruses. The results of ROC analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of the M-A110-129 ELISA and M-A148-174 ELISA were 0.967 and 0.996, respectively. Compared the concordance of results using two peptide ELISA assays, the IDEXX PRRSV X3 Ab ELISA and a virus neutralization test, were assessed using a series of 147 sera from pigs vaccinated with the NADC30-like PRRSV inactivated vaccine. The M-A148-174 ELISA had the best consistency, with a Cohen's kappa coefficient of 0.8772. The concordance rates of the Hipra PRRSV ELISA kit, M-A110-129 ELISA and M-A148-174 ELISA in the field seropositive detection results were 91.08, 86.32 and 95.35%, relative to indirect immunofluorescence assay. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, compared with M-A110-129 ELISA, the PRRSV M-A148-174 ELISA is of value for detecting antibodies against PRRSV and the evaluation of the NADC30-like PRRSV inactivated vaccine, but the advantage is insufficient in serological early diagnosis.
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Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática/veterinaria , Síndrome Respiratorio y de la Reproducción Porcina/inmunología , Vacunas de Productos Inactivados/inmunología , Proteínas de la Matriz Viral/inmunología , Animales , Anticuerpos Neutralizantes , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática/métodos , Técnica del Anticuerpo Fluorescente Indirecta/veterinaria , Síndrome Respiratorio y de la Reproducción Porcina/diagnóstico , Virus del Síndrome Respiratorio y Reproductivo Porcino/inmunología , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , PorcinosRESUMEN
Recently, accumulating evidence has demonstrated that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play a vital role in oncogenicity. Nevertheless, the regulatory mechanisms and functions remain poorly understood, especially for lncRNAs and circRNAs. In this study, we simultaneously detected, for the first time, the expression profiles of the whole transcriptome, including miRNA, circRNA and lncRNA + mRNA, in five pairs of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) and matched non-carcinoma tissues by microarrays. Five miRNAs, four circRNAs, three lncRNAs and five mRNAs that were dysregulated were selected to confirm the verification of the microarray data by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) in 20 pairs of LSCC samples. We constructed LSCC-related competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks of lncRNAs and circRNAs (circRNA or lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA) respectively. Functional annotation revealed the lncRNA-mediated ceRNA network were enriched for genes involved in the tumor-associated pathways. Hsa_circ_0033988 with the highest degree in the circRNA-mediated ceRNA network was associated with fatty acid degradation, which was responsible for the depletion of fat in tumor-associated cachexia. Finally, to clarify the ncRNA co-regulation mechanism, we constructed a circRNA-lncRNA co-regulated network by integrating the above two networks and identified 9 modules for further study. A subnetwork of module 2 with the most dysregulated microRNAs was extracted to establish the ncRNA-involved TGF-ß-associated pathway. In conclusion, our findings provide a high-throughput microarray data of the coding and non-coding RNAs and establish the foundation for further functional research on the ceRNA regulatory mechanism of non-coding RNAs in LSCC.
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Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/genética , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Neoplasias Laríngeas/genética , MicroARNs/genética , ARN Largo no Codificante/genética , ARN Mensajero/genética , Transcriptoma , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Biología Computacional , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Ontología de Genes , Redes Reguladoras de Genes , Humanos , Neoplasias Laríngeas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Laríngeas/patología , MicroARNs/clasificación , MicroARNs/metabolismo , Análisis por Micromatrices , Anotación de Secuencia Molecular , ARN/clasificación , ARN/genética , ARN/metabolismo , ARN Circular , ARN Largo no Codificante/clasificación , ARN Largo no Codificante/metabolismo , ARN Mensajero/clasificación , ARN Mensajero/metabolismoRESUMEN
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9, Gelatinase B), an extracellular-acting Zn2+-dependent endopeptidase, are involved in brain pathologies including ischemia, glioma, and epilepsy. Recent studies suggested that MMP-9 plays an important role in neuronal plasticity, specifically in learning and memory. To determine whether and how MMP-9 plays role in alcohol-related behaviors, male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were subjected to chronic intermittent ethanol (CIE) exposure for 4 weeks, following which we collected tissue samples from the hippocampus, medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), and amygdala at different stages (acute and chronic exposure) during alcohol exposure. Real-time PCR and western blot assays were used to detect changes in the mRNA and protein expression of MMP-9. Our results indicated that both acute and chronic alcohol exposure induced up-regulation of MMP-9 mRNA levels in the hippocampus and mPFC, but not in the amygdala. Furthermore, acute and chronic alcohol exposure up regulated the expression of total MMP-9 and active MMP-9 in these two brain regions. Moreover, the increase of active MMP-9 expression was larger than those in total MMP-9 expression. Immunoprecipitation analyses identified potential MMP-9-interacting proteins, including Itgb1, Src, Eef1a2, tubulin, actin, and histone H2B. These results demonstrate that both acute and CIE exposure induced increases in MMP-9 expression in the mPFC and hippocampus, suggesting that MMP-9 plays a key role in chronic alcohol exposure and dependence.
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Etanol/farmacología , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Metaloproteinasa 9 de la Matriz/metabolismo , Corteza Prefrontal/metabolismo , Amígdala del Cerebelo/metabolismo , Animales , Masculino , Metaloproteinasa 9 de la Matriz/genética , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Factores de Tiempo , Regulación hacia ArribaRESUMEN
Globally, the East Asian monsoon region is one of the richest environments in terms of biodiversity. The region is undergoing rapid human development, yet its river ecosystems have not been well studied. Global warming represents a major challenge to the survival of species in this region and makes it necessary to assess and reduce the potential consequences of warming on species of conservation concern. We projected the effects of global warming on stream insect (Ephemeroptera, Odonata, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera [EOPT]) diversity and predicted the changes of geographical ranges for 121 species throughout South Korea. Plecoptera was the most sensitive (decrease of 71.4% in number of species from the 2000s through the 2080s) order, whereas Odonata benefited (increase of 66.7% in number of species from the 2000s through the 2080s) from the effects of global warming. The impact of global warming on stream insects was predicted to be minimal prior to the 2060s; however, by the 2080s, species extirpation of up to 20% in the highland areas and 2% in the lowland areas were predicted. The projected responses of stream insects under global warming indicated that species occupying specific habitats could undergo major reductions in habitat. Nevertheless, habitat of 33% of EOPT (including two-thirds of Odonata and one-third of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera) was predicted to increase due to global warming. The community compositions predicted by generalized additive models varied over this century, and a large difference in community structure in the highland areas was predicted between the 2000s and the 2080s. However, stream insect communities, especially Odonata, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera, were predicted to become more homogenous under global warming.
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Distribución Animal , Biodiversidad , Calentamiento Global , Insectos/fisiología , Altitud , Animales , Conservación de los Recursos Naturales , Modelos Biológicos , República de Corea , RíosRESUMEN
A cross-sectional census was conducted on all students at the campus of Inner Mongolia Medical University using a self-administered questionnaire. This study aimed to investigate their love from psychological pressure, behavioral characteristics, social cognition, etc. Our results show that all students cultivate feelings and become lifelong partners as their motivation for love. Among the population with various demographic characteristics, the prevalence of love among disadvantaged groups is low; that is, women are lower than men, and those from rural are lower than those from cities. After balancing areas and gender, mental working families have a high prevalence of love. Instead, students whose parents' high expectations pressure their children to have a high love prevalence. This is due to China's specific historical perspective. Our results suggested that although China has been deeply integrated with the world and has more frequent ideological and cultural exchanges, college students still inherit China's traditional outlook on love.
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Variations in fertility and synchronization information is fundamental to seed orchard management. Our objective was to determine clonal variation and stability in strobili production, phenology, synchronization, and seed production in two generation clonal seed orchards (CSO) of Chinese fir. The number of female and male strobili and the phenology of 42 clones in both the 2.0- and 2.5-generation clonal seed orchards were investigated and recorded to calculate the variation and stability of fertility and synchronization. In both seed orchards, an obvious variation in gamete contribution was found among clones, indicating deviation from random mating. Female receptivity was in the pollen shedding stage, which is favorable to pollination. However, low synchronization (mean POij = 0.283) between clones indicated low overlap between female receptivity and pollen shedding. A higher POij value within clones than within outcrossing combinations indicated a high risk of selfing in two seed orchards, particularly for early- and late-flowering clones. The number of female strobili and POij (as female) significantly influence seed production. Overall, fertility and synchronization variation had notable consequences for seed production. Scientific genetic management is indispensable for promoting fertility uniformity and synchronization to obtain maximal genetic gain.
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Cunninghamia , Fertilidad/genética , Reproducción/genética , Polinización , Semillas/genética , Células ClonalesRESUMEN
The preparation of biodegradable composites with high toughness and low cost is of great significance for their application and promotion in the packaging field. As a renewable and biodegradable material with abundant sources, the inclusion of starch in biodegradable composites can significantly reduce costs. However, the poor compatibility between starch and matrix severely limits its large-scale practical application. In this work, the poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)/thermoplastic starch/ethylene-methyl acrylate-glycidyl methacrylate (PBAT/TPS/EGMA) blends with high toughness were prepared by melt compounding. The elongation at break increased significantly from 533 ± 125 % for the PBAT/TPS(60/40) blend to 1188 ± 28 % for the PBAT/TPS/EGMA(60/40/2) blend. According to the analysis of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), the toughness improvement brought about by the addition of EGMA can be attributed to the enhanced compatibility between PBAT and TPS and the refinement of TPS particle size. The knowledge obtained from this study provides a method to enhance the toughness of biodegradable polymer composites with high TPS loading, which will facilitate the practical application of starch in the packing field.
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Twelve novel asiatic acid (AA) derivatives were designed and synthesized. Their structures were confirmed using NMR, MS, and IR spectra. Their in vitro cytotoxicities on various cancer cell lines (HeLa, HepG2, BGC-823, and SKOV3) were evaluated by the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide assay. Most of the derivatives were found to have stronger cell growth inhibitory activity than AA. Among them, compounds 5-8 and 11 with substituted amide group at C-28 exhibited more potent cytotoxicity than AA, Gefitinib, and etoposide (positive control).
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Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/aislamiento & purificación , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/farmacología , Triterpenos Pentacíclicos/síntesis química , Triterpenos Pentacíclicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/química , Ensayos de Selección de Medicamentos Antitumorales , Células HeLa , Humanos , Resonancia Magnética Nuclear Biomolecular , Triterpenos Pentacíclicos/química , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
Ormosia hosiei is a tree species native to China that has been extensively used for ornamental and furniture purposes due to its valued timber. The mating system has substantial impact on genetic diversity and structure of plant natural population. Such information should be considered when planning tree planting for forest restoration. Here we used 12 microsatellite markers and described the mating system of single families and the population genetic diversity of O. hosiei. A high level of genetic diversity was observed in both adults and progenies, although slight differences existed among populations and their progenies, with the expected heterozygosity ranging from 0.763 to 0.794. Overall, O. hosiei displayed a predominantly outcrossed mating. The estimate of multi-locus outcrossing rate (tm) was high with low variations among families, ranged from 0.997 to 1.000. The value of tm-ts, ranged from 0.000 to 0.139, indicated that biparental inbreeding occurred in progenies. Therefore, to obtain a reasonable genetic representation of native tree species and prevent problems associated with inbreeding depression, we suggested effective in situ conservation by replanting seedlings, but seedling production for restoration purposes may require a much larger sampling effort than is currently used. Moreover, it is necessary to conduct further multiple population and multi-year experiments to verify our conclusions.
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Fabaceae , Reproducción , Humanos , Adulto , Comunicación Celular , China , Árboles/genética , Plantones , Genética de PoblaciónRESUMEN
Pinus elliottii × Pinus caribaea is an interspecific pine hybrid of major economic importance. Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in P. elliottii × P. caribaea on solid medium have been reported previously; however, a current limitation is the lack of a stable and effective method for its commercial use. The objective of this study was to establish a suspension culture system and evaluate the effect of multiple methods synergistically on the synchronization of embryo development in P. elliottii × P. caribaea. For the former, a protocol to initiate and establish a suspension culture system of P. elliottii × P. caribaea was presented. Based on biomass growth, the growth of embryogenic calli (EC) followed an S-shape curve in suspensions grown for a 15-day period, and the exponential phase of cell suspensions was reached between days 3 and 6. The initial packed cell volume (PCV) and revolutions per minute (rpm) have a significant effect on the proliferation of EC, and the highest proliferation multiple reached 6.86 (±0.06) at the initial density of 5 ml PCV under a 9-10 days transfer interval in the dark on a rotary shaker at 70 rpm. For the latter, the influence of abscisic acid (ABA), ammonium (NH4 +), nitrate (NO3 -), low temperature, and polyethylene glycol (PEG) on somatic embryogenesis was very significant. When EC were suspended in the medium at a presence of 37.84 µM/L ABA, as many as 274 mature cotyledonary embryos/ml PCV of cells were thereafter formed in the mature medium, and 266 somatic embryos were obtained on mature medium after suspension culture in liquid medium containing 10 mmol/L NH4 + and 30 mmol/L NO3 -. Furthermore, reducing the concentration of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid gradually and at 4°C incubation for 12 h in the initial exponential phase could promote the synchronization of somatic embryogenesis, which resulted in 260 mature cotyledonary embryos. This suspension culture system and method of synchronic control can be used in the large-scale production of P. elliottii × P. caribaea seedlings.
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BACKGROUND: Making surgery as less aggressive as possible is best for elderly patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs). Recently, we attempted a more precise, minimally invasive, and robot-assisted kyphoplasty in our clinical setting. OBJECTIVE: We sought to compare the clinical and radiologic outcomes of robot-assisted percutaneous kyphoplasty (rPKP) with those of fluoroscopy-assisted percutaneous kyphoplasty (fPKP) in treating OVCFs. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical and radiologic data of patients with single-segment OVCF who received either rPKP or fPKP between January 2020 and December 2020 at our institution. The operation time, injected volume of cement, length of hospital stays, visual analog scale for back pain, Oswestry Disability Index, local kyphosis angle (LKA), height of fractured vertebra (HFV), and perioperative complications were compared between the 2 groups. RESULTS: A total of 212 cases were included in this study, among whom 81 cases received rPKP and 131 cases received fPKP. Both techniques exhibited satisfying improvement in pain relief and radiologic outcomes. Specifically, the rPKP costed less operation time and achieved better correction and maintenance regarding LKA, HFV, and instant pain relief (P < 0.05). The length of hospital stays, incidence of cement leakage, visual analog scale for back pain, and Oswestry Disability Index at final follow-up were comparable between 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: rPKP provides a precise puncture and exhibits superiority in the correction and maintenance of LKA and HFV when compared with traditional fPKP. The cost-effectiveness and specific application scenarios of this technique shall be confirmed via further extensive studies.
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Fracturas por Compresión , Cifoplastia , Cifosis , Fracturas Osteoporóticas , Robótica , Fracturas de la Columna Vertebral , Anciano , Dolor de Espalda/tratamiento farmacológico , Cementos para Huesos/uso terapéutico , Fluoroscopía , Fracturas por Compresión/diagnóstico por imagen , Fracturas por Compresión/cirugía , Humanos , Cifoplastia/métodos , Cifosis/cirugía , Fracturas Osteoporóticas/diagnóstico por imagen , Fracturas Osteoporóticas/cirugía , Estudios Retrospectivos , Fracturas de la Columna Vertebral/diagnóstico por imagen , Fracturas de la Columna Vertebral/tratamiento farmacológico , Fracturas de la Columna Vertebral/cirugía , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
In recent years, NADC34-like PRRSV had a strong impact on the pig industry in the United States and Peru; it was also detected in northeastern China in 2017. In this study, we conducted a retrospective survey of NADC34-like PRRSV in Southwest China from 2016 to 2020. Five NADC34-like PRRSV strains were detected in samples and their whole genomes were sequenced, designated as CHSCMY-22019, CHSCYB-32020, CHSCMS-42020 and CHSCLS-22020. This is the first discovery and report of an NADC34-like PRRSV strain in Southwest China. Phylogenetic tree analysis based on the whole genome showed that the five NADC34-like PRRSV strains belonged to sub-lineage 1.5 of PRRV-2. They had 100 aa deletions in the Nsp2 hypervariable region of VR2332, located at 329-428 aa, similar to the US isolate IA/2014/NADC34. Recombination analysis showed that CHSCCD-42020 strain was the recombinant strain of QYYZ strain and IA/2014/NADC34 strain in China. The emergence of NADC34-like PRRSV strains in Southwest China indicates a potential threat to PRRS prevention and control in pigs. This study improves our understanding of the epidemic status and genetic variation of NADC34-like PRRSV strains in China.
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Síndrome Respiratorio y de la Reproducción Porcina , Virus del Síndrome Respiratorio y Reproductivo Porcino , Enfermedades de los Porcinos , Animales , China/epidemiología , Variación Genética , Genoma Viral , Filogenia , Síndrome Respiratorio y de la Reproducción Porcina/epidemiología , Virus del Síndrome Respiratorio y Reproductivo Porcino/genética , Estudios Retrospectivos , Porcinos , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) and pseudorabies (PR) are highly infectious swine diseases and cause significant financial loss in China. The respiratory system and reproductive system are the main target systems. Previous studies showed that the existing PR virus (PRV) and PRRS virus (PRRSV) commercial vaccines could not provide complete protection against PRV variant strains and NADC30-like PRRSV strains in China. In this study, the PRV variant strain XJ and NADC30-like PRRSV strain CHSCDJY-2019 are used as the parent for constructing a recombinant pseudorabies virus (rPRV)-NC56 with gE/gI/TK gene deletion and co-expressing NADC30-like PRRSV GP5 and M protein. The rPRV-NC56 proliferated stably in BHK-21 cells, and it could stably express GP5 and M protein. Due to the introduction of the self-cleaving 2A peptide, GP5 and M protein were able to express independently and form virus-like particles (VLPs) of PRRSV in rPRV-NC56-infected BHK-21 cells. The rPRV-NC56 is safe for use in mice; it can colonize and express the target protein in mouse lungs for a long time. Vaccination with rPRV-NC56 induces PRV and NADC30-like PRRSV specific humoral and cellular immune responses in mice, and protects 100% of mice from virulent PRV XJ strain. Furthermore, the virus-neutralizing antibody (VNA) elicited by rPRV-NC56 showed significantly lower titer against SCNJ-2016 (HP-PRRSV) than that against CHSCDJY-2019 (NADC30-like PRRSV). Thus, rPRV-NC56 appears to be a promising candidate vaccine against NADC30-like PRRSV and PRV for the control and eradication of the variant PRV and NADC30-like PRRSV.
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Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is an important pathogen that poses a serious threat to the global pig industry. Sichuan Province is one of the largest pig breeding provinces in China. There is a lack of reports on the continuous surveillance and systematic analysis of prevalent strains of PRRSV in Sichuan Province in recent years. To fill this gap, a total of 539 samples were collected from 13 breeding regions in Sichuan during 2012-2020. The detection result showed that the positive rate of PRRSV was 52.32% (282/539). The ORF5s and Nsp2 were obtained and further analyzed, with Chinese reference strains downloaded from the GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the PRRSV strains sequenced in this study belonged to PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 (lineage 1, 3, 5 and 8). In total, 168 PRRSV-2 strains were selected for ORF5 analyses, and these strains were classified into sub-lineage 8.7 (HP-PRRSV), sub-lineage 5.1 (classical PRRSV), sub-lineage 1.8 (NADC30-like), sub-lineage 1.5 (NADC34-like) and sub-lineage 3.5 (QYYZ-like), accounting for 60.71% (102/168), 11.31% (19/168), 18.45% (31/168), 2.97% (5/168) and 6.55% (11/168) of the total analyzed strains, respectively. The Nsp2 of identified PRRSV strains exhibited a nucleotide identity of 44.5-100%, and an amino acid identity of 46.82-100%. The ORF5 of the identified PRRSV strains exhibited a nucleotide identity of 81.3-100%, and an amino acid identity of 78.5-100%. A sequence analysis of ORF5 revealed that the mutation sites of GP5 were mainly concentrated in HVR1 and HVR2 and the virulence sites. In summary, the HP-PRRSV, NADC30-like PRRSV, Classic-PRRSV, QYYZ-like PRRSV, NADC34-like PRRSV and PRRSV-1 strains exist simultaneously in pigs in Sichuan. NADC30-like PRRSV was gradually becoming the most prevalent genotype currently in Sichuan province. This study suggested that PRRSV strains in Sichuan were undergoing genomic divergence.
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Getah virus (GETV) is a zoonotic arbovirus that can cause infection in many animals. It can cause pyrexia and reproductive losses in animals. The objective of the study was to explore the effects of GETV on male reproductive ability. Male mice were injected with 100 × TCID50/0.1 ml in a volume of 100-µL GETV in their hindquarter muscle, resulting in decreased semen quality and testicular histopathological changes, and the virus was detected in the testes. At 0.5 dpi (day post-infection), male mice showed decreased sperm density, motility, and decreased serum testosterone concentration, an increased sperm malformation rate, vacuoles in spermatogonial cells/spermatocytes in spermatogenic tubules, and the highest virus copies in testis. At 2 dpi, the sperm density and motility reached the lowest value of 3.99 × 106/ml and 62.03%, and the malformation rate reached 43.67%. At 28 dpi, the sperm indexes of the experimental group gradually approached that of the control group, but there were still significant differences. Since then, histopathological changes have worsened, with the most severe histopathological changes at 7 dpi and gradual recovery. Up to 14 dpi, the virus was detected by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry, which showed that the virus was only present in the testicular interstitium. GETV infection can rapidly enter the testis of mice and reduce the semen quality of mice, which needs to be paid attention to in the prevention and control of GETV.
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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of robot-assisted percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (rPELD) using a specially designed orthopaedic robot with an intraoperative computed tomography-equipped suite for treatment of symptomatic lumbar disc herniation and compare rPELD with fluoroscopy-assisted percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (fPELD). METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed and compared demographic data, radiologic workups, and patient-reported outcomes of 39 patients treated with rPELD and 78 patients treated with fPELD at our institution between January 2019 and December 2019. RESULTS: Our data showed that a single-shot puncture in the rPELD group was significantly more precise compared with 4.12 ± 1.71 trials in the fPELD group (P < 0.001). There was an overall reduction of fluoroscopy (21.33 ± 3.89 times vs. 33.06 ± 2.92 times, P < 0.001), puncture-channel time (13.34 ± 3.03 minutes vs. 15.03 ± 4.5 minutes, P = 0.038), and total operative time (57.46 ± 7.49 minutes vs. 69.40 ± 12.59 minutes, P < 0.001) using the rPELD technique versus the fPELD technique. However, there were no significant differences in patient-reported outcomes, length of hospital stay, and complication rate between the 2 groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, our data indicate that rPELD provides a precise skin entry point and optimal trajectory for puncture, which increases the success rate of PELD, negating the need for revision surgery. However, further studies are required to confirm the superiority and application of the rPELD technique.
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Discectomía Percutánea , Degeneración del Disco Intervertebral/cirugía , Desplazamiento del Disco Intervertebral/cirugía , Región Lumbosacra/cirugía , Robótica , Adulto , Discectomía Percutánea/instrumentación , Discectomía Percutánea/métodos , Endoscopía/instrumentación , Endoscopía/métodos , Femenino , Humanos , Vértebras Lumbares/cirugía , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Tempo Operativo , Reoperación/instrumentaciónRESUMEN
The novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) outbreak that emerged in late 2019 has posed a severe threat to human health and social and economic development, and thus has become a major public health crisis affecting the world. The spread of COVID-19 in population and regions is a typical geographical process, which is worth discussing from the geographical perspective. This paper focuses on Shandong province, which has a high incidence, though the first Chinese confirmed case was reported from Hubei province. Based on the data of reported confirmed cases and the detailed information of cases collected manually, we used text analysis, mathematical statistics and spatial analysis to reveal the demographic characteristics of confirmed cases and the spatio-temporal evolution process of the epidemic, and to explore the comprehensive mechanism of epidemic evolution and prevention and control. The results show that: (1) the incidence rate of COVID-19 in Shandong is 0.76/100,000. The majority of confirmed cases are old and middle-aged people who are infected by the intra-province diffusion, followed by young and middle-aged people who are infected outside the province. (2) Up to February 5, the number of daily confirmed cases shows a trend of "rapid increase before slowing down", among which, the changes of age and gender are closely related to population migration, epidemic characteristics and intervention measures. (3) Affected by the regional economy and population, the spatial distribution of the confirmed cases is obviously unbalanced, with the cluster pattern of "high-low" and "low-high". (4) The evolution of the migration pattern, affected by the geographical location of Wuhan and Chinese traditional culture, is dominated by "cross-provincial" and "intra-provincial" direct flow, and generally shows the trend of "southwest â northeast". Finally, combined with the targeted countermeasures of "source-flow-sink", the comprehensive mechanism of COVID-19 epidemic evolution and prevention and control in Shandong is revealed. External and internal prevention and control measures are also figured out.