Synthesis of Quercetin-Acid Esters and Its Reduction of H2 O2 -Triggered PC12 Cells Damage by Down-Regulating ROS.

Quercetin is a kind of polyphenolic flavonoid compounds which has perfect antioxidant properties. However, quercetin is not available in many situations due to its poor bioavailability. In this work, the QAEs with better solubility and even stronger antioxidant properties were synthesized, through the esterification between quercetin and the chlorinated cinnamic acid or its derivatives, whose chlorination were achieved by using SOCl2 . The protective effects of the QAEs were evaluated by the H2 O2 -induced apoptosis experiment in rat adrenal pheochromocytoma cells (PC12 cells) and its ability to remove ROS generated by oxidative stress. Compared with the original quercetin group, the QAEs groups showed much improved cell viability and capability of removing ROS, which means their higher bioavailability than the parent.

A modified uncut Roux-en-Y anastomosis in totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy: preliminary results and initial experience.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the safety and feasibility of totally laparoscopic uncut Roux-en-Y anastomosis in the distal gastrectomy with D2 dissection for gastric cancer. We also summarized the preliminary experience of totally laparoscopic uncut Roux-en-Y anastomosis. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was done in 51 cases of total laparoscopic uncut Roux-en-Y anastomosis in the distant gastrectomy with D2 dissection for gastric cancer in our hospital from September 2014 to December 2015. RESULTS: All of 51 cases underwent total laparoscopic uncut Roux-en-Y anastomosis. All the procedures were performed successfully. There were neither conversions to open surgery nor intraoperative complications in all 51 cases. In this study, the median operative time was 170 (135-210) min and the median time of anastomosis was 27 (24-41) min. The blood loss was 60 (30-110) ml. The time to flatus and length of postoperative hospital stay were 2 (1-3) days, and 8 (7-12) days, respectively. The mean lymph node harvest was 34 (18-49). One anastomotic bleeding occurred postoperatively which was cured by conservative treatment. No major postoperative complication occurred, such as anastomotic leak, anastomotic stenosis, and Roux stasis syndrome. After a short-term follow-up, no recanalization or reflux gastritis was encountered by endoscopy. CONCLUSION: The totally laparoscopic uncut Roux-en-Y anastomosis in distal gastrectomy with lymph node dissection for gastric cancer is safe and feasible, with a very low rate of recanalization and reflux gastritis.

Abnormal miRNA-30e Expression is Associated with Breast Cancer Progression.

BACKGROUND: microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the regulation of various cellular processes, such as differentiation, proliferation, metabolism, and apoptosis, and they have been implicated in several diseases, including cancers. METHODS: To assess the role of miRNA in the progression of breast cancer, we performed TaqMan-based miRNA profiling for plasma from patients with breast cancer (n = 53), unrelated diseases (n = 40), or matched healthy controls (n = 40), and for breast tumors or adjacent non-tumors (n = 41). RESULTS: We selected 18 miRNAs with predicted roles in breast cancer and demonstrated that let-7i (p = 0.019), let-7a (p = 0.02), and miR-650 (p = 0.008) were significantly up-regulated in plasma; miR-21 (p < 0.001) is up-regulated in breast cancer tissue, and miR-30e was down-regulated in both plasma (p < 0.001) and breast cancer tissues (p = 0.004). Plasma miR-30e expression was shown to be statistically associated with age (p = 0.0402) and clinical stage (p = 0.007). However, receiver-operating characteristic curve analyses suggested that miR-30e expression cannot significantly differentiate breast cancer from healthy tissue or plasma. Consistent with a potential role for miR-30e in breast cancer, three predicted targets of miR-30e (RAB11A, BNIP3L, and RAB32) are up-regulated in breast cancer tissue. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that reduced miR-30e correlates with the clinical stage of breast cancer. It is worthwhile to further explore that the potential role of miR-30e as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer, as well as its potential therapeutic utility.

[Safety and effect of transurethral holmium laser enucleation of the prostate versus bipolar transurethral plasmakinetic prostatectomy for benign prostatic hyperplasia: A meta-analysis].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and effect of transurethral holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) in comparison with bipolar transurethral plasmakinetic prostatectomy (TUPKP) in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). METHODS: We searched the databases of PubMed, SCI, Ovid, The Cochrane Library, CNKI, CBM, VIP, and Wangfang Data for controlled clinical trials about HoLEP versus TUPKP in the treatment of BPH published up to April 2016. The studies were screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the data extracted, and their quality evaluated by 2 reviewers independently, followed by a meta-analysis using the RevMan 5.3 software. RESULTS: A total of 7 studies were included, involving 2031 cases. In comparison with TUPKP, HoLEP showed significantly longer operation time (WMD = 24.61, 95% CI 11.88, 37.34, P lt; 0.001), shorter hospital stay (WMD =－1.91, 95% CI －3.74, －0.07, P = 0.04), shorter bladder irrigation time (WMD = －21.50, 95% CI －34.95, －8.06, P = 0.002), shorter catheter-indwelling time (WMD = －27.60, 95% CI －48.17, －7.03, P = 0.009), less hemoglobin loss (WMD = － 0.42, 95% CI －0.78, －0.07, P = 0.02); lower postvoid residual urine (PVR) at 3 months (WMD = －3.35, 95% CI －4.46, －2.23, P<0.001) and 6 months after surgery (WMD =－1.11, 95% CI －2.18, －0.05, P = 0.04); higher maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax) (WMD = 0.42, 95% CI 0.04, 0.80, P = 0.03) and fewer urinary tract irritation symptoms (OR =0.58, 95% CI 0.41, 0.81, P = 0.002) at 12 months after surgery. No statistically significant differences were found between the two groups in the volume of resected tissue, serum sodium reduction, urethral stricture, erectile dysfunction, retrograde ejaculation, or transient urinary incontinence (P>0.05), or in the improvement of the quality of life (QoL) at 1, 3 and 12 months, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months, Qmax at 1, 3 and 6 months, or International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) at 6 months after surgery (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: HoLEP is preferred to TUPKP in clinical application for its advantages of higher Qmax at 12 months after surgery, lower PVR at 3 and 6 months, higher peri-operative safety, faster recovery, and fewer urinary tract irritation symptoms. However, for the quantity and quality limitations of the included publications, our findings are to be further supported by large-sample, multi-center, and high-quality prospective controlled clinical studies.

Trans Fatty Acid Levels in Foods and Intakes among Population Aged 3 Years and above in Beijing and Guangzhou Cities, China.

OBJECTIVE: To understand the dietary intake levels of trans fatty acids (TFA) in a Chinese population and establish a basis for health risk assessment of trans fatty acids. METHODS: The TFA contents data of 2613 food items and food consumption data of 10,533 people aged 3 years and above in two large cities in China were matched and a simple assessment method was used to estimate the distribution of dietary TFA intake. RESULTS: The mean content of TFA was highest in margarine (1.68 ± 0.83 g/100g), followed by chocolate and candy (0.89 ± 2.68 g/100g), edible vegetable oils (0.86 ± 0.82 g/100g), milk (0.83 ± 1.56 g/100g), and bakery foods (0.41 ± 0.91 g/100g). TFA intake accounted for 0.34%, 0.30%, 0.32%, and 0.29% of the total energy intake in the 3-6, 7-12, 13-17, and ⋝18 year age groups, respectively. Of the populations studied, 0.42% demonstrated TFA intakes (as percentage of energy intake) greater than 1%. The main sources of dietary TFA intake were edible vegetable oils, milk, mutton, and beef, and baked foods, which accounted for 49.8%, 16.56%, 12.21%, and 8.87%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The current intake of TFA among people in two cities did not appear to be of major health concern regarding the threshold of TFA intake as the percentage of total energy recommended by the World Health Organization. Because most TFA were derived from industrially processed foods, the government should reinforce nutrition labeling and regulate food producers to further reduce TFA in food and to provide scientific instruction for consumers to make sound choices.

Completely medial versus hybrid medial approach for laparoscopic complete mesocolic excision in right hemicolon cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the feasibilities between operational approaches for laparoscopic complete mesocolic excision (CME) to right hemicolon cancer. METHODS: This prospective randomized controlled trial included patients admitted to a Shanghai minimally invasive surgical center to receive laparoscopic CME from September 2011 to January 2013 randomized into two groups: hybrid medial approach (HMA) and completely medial approach (CMA). The feasibilities and strategies of the two techniques were studied and compared. Furthermore, the operation time and vessel-related complications were designed to be the primary end points, and other operational findings, including the classification of the surgical plane and postoperative recovery, were designed to be the secondary end points for this study. RESULTS: After screening, 50 cases were allocated to the HMA group and 49 to the CMA group. Within the HMA group, there were 48 cases graded with mesocolic plane and 2 with intramesocolic plane. For the CMA group, there were 42 cases graded with mesocolic plane and seven with intramesocolic plane. The differences between the two were insignificant, as were the number of lymph nodes retrieved. The mean±standard deviation total operation time for the CMA group was 128.3 ± 36.4 min, which was significantly shorter than that for the HMA group, 142.6 ± 34.8 min. For the CMA group, the time involved in central vessel ligations and laparoscopic procedures was 58.5 %, 14.1 and 81.2 ± 23.5 min, respectively, which were shorter than the HMA group. The vessel-related complication rate was significantly higher in the HMA group. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic CME via the total medial approach is technically feasible after the precise identification of the surgical planes and spaces for the right hemicolon. The procedure has a shorter operation time and fewer vessel-related complications.

An alkaloid from Menispermum dauricum, dauricine mediates Ca2+ influx and inhibits NF-κB pathway to protect chondrocytes from IL-1ß-induced inflammation and catabolism.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Dauricine (DA) is a natural plant-derived alkaloid extracted from Menispermum dauricum. Menispermum dauricum has been used in traditional Chinese medicine as a classic remedy for rheumatoid arthropathy and is believed to be effective in alleviating swelling and pain in the limbs. AIM OF THE STUDY: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a classic degenerative disease involving chondrocyte death, and there is still a lack of effective therapeutic agents that can reverse the progression of the disease. Here we explored the therapeutic effects of DA against OA and further explored the mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The effect of DA on cell viability was assessed by CCK-8. IL-1ß-treated mouse chondrocytes were used as an in vitro model of OA, and apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. QRT-PCR, western blotting, cell staining, and immunofluorescence were used to detect relevant inflammatory factors and cartilage-specific expression. RNA sequencing was used to identify pertinent signaling pathways. The therapeutic effect of DA was verified by micro-CT, histological analysis and immunohistochemical analysis in a mouse OA model. RESULTS: DA demonstrated a high safety profile on chondrocytes, significantly reversing the inflammatory response induced by IL-1ß, and promoting factors associated with cartilage regeneration. Moreover, DA exhibited a significant protective effect on the knee joints of mice undergoing ACLT-DMM, effectively preventing cartilage degeneration and subchondral bone tissue destruction. These positive therapeutic effects were achieved through the modulation of the NF-κB pathway and the Ca2+ signaling pathway by DA. CONCLUSION: Being derived from a traditional herb, DA exhibits remarkable therapeutic potential and safety in OA treatment, presenting a promising option for patients dealing with osteoarthritis.

MG53/TRIM72: multi-organ repair protein and beyond.

MG53, a member of the tripartite motif protein family, possesses multiple functionalities due to its classic membrane repair function, anti-inflammatory ability, and E3 ubiquitin ligase properties. Initially recognized for its crucial role in membrane repair, the therapeutic potential of MG53 has been extensively explored in various diseases including muscle injury, myocardial damage, acute lung injury, and acute kidney injury. However, further research has revealed that the E3 ubiquitin ligase characteristics of MG53 also contribute to the pathogenesis of certain conditions such as diabetic cardiomyopathy, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome. Moreover, recent studies have highlighted the anti-tumor effects of MG53 in different types of cancer, such as small cell lung cancer, liver cancer, and colorectal cancer; these effects are closely associated with their E3 ubiquitin ligase activities. In summary, MG53 is a multifunctional protein that participates in important physiological and pathological processes of multiple organs and is a promising therapeutic target for various human diseases. MG53 plays a multi-organ protective role due to its membrane repair function and its exertion of anti-tumor effects due to its E3 ubiquitin ligase properties. In addition, the controversial aspect of MG53's E3 ubiquitin ligase properties potentially causing insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome necessitates further cross-validation for clarity.

Identification of prognostic risk score of disulfidptosis-related genes and molecular subtypes in glioma.

Background: Programmed cell death is closely related to glioma. As a novel kind of cell death, the mechanism of disulfidptosis in glioma remains unclear. Therefore, it is of great importance to study the role of disulfidptosis-related genes (DRGs) in glioma. Methods: We first investigated the genetic and transcriptional alterations of 15 DRGs. Two consensus cluster analyses were used to evaluate the association between DRGs and glioma subtypes. In addition, we constructed prognostic DRG risk scores to predict overall survival (OS) in glioma patients. Furthermore, we developed a nomogram to enhance the clinical utility of the DRG risk score. Finally, the expression levels of DRGs were verified by immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. Results: Most DRGs (14/15) were dysregulated in gliomas. The 15 DRGs were rarely mutated in gliomas, and only 50 of 987 samples (5.07 %) showed gene mutations. However, most of them had copy number variation (CNV) deletions or amplifications. Two distinct molecular subtypes were identified by cluster analysis, and DRG alterations were found to be related to the clinical characteristics, prognosis, and tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). The DRG risk score model based on 12 genes was developed and showed good performance in predicting OS. The nomogram confirmed that the risk score had a particularly strong influence on the prognosis of glioma. Furthermore, we discovered that low DRG scores, low tumor mutation burden, and immunosuppression were features of patients with better prognoses. Conclusion: The DRG risk model can be used for the evaluation of clinical characteristics, prognosis prediction, and TIME estimation of glioma patients. These DRGs may be potential therapeutic targets in glioma.

A new simplified risk assessment model enhances postoperative prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in Chinese adult patients with inguinal hernia (CHAT-3): A prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) significantly affects the prognosis of surgical patients with inguinal hernia. The complex Caprini score, commonly used for postoperative VTE risk assessment, poses practical challenges for surgeons in clinical settings. METHODS: The CHAT-3 trial, a prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled trial, compared a simple three-factor model to assess VTE risk against routine practices in post-inguinal hernia surgery (IHS) patients. The patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to the intervention or control arm. The intervention group used the three-factor model to identify patients at moderate or high risk of VTE for subsequent prophylaxis according to clinical guidelines. Both groups were followed for four weeks, with randomization implemented using computer-generated sequences. The primary outcome measured was the rate of VTE prophylaxis. Secondary outcomes included time spent on VTE risk assessment (surgeon self-reported), postoperative D-dimer trends, perioperative VTE occurrence, bleeding events, and the net clinical benefit. RESULTS: Of the 1,109 participants, 508 in the experimental group and 601 in the control group completed follow-up. The three-factor model showed higher VTE prophylaxis rates in all patients (pharmacologic prophylaxis: 26.2% vs. 6.00%, P<0.001) and particularly in those at high risk (pharmacologic prophylaxis: 57.3% vs. 9.50%, P<0.001). The experimental group significantly reduced VTE risk assessment time compared to the Caprini score (1.39±0.55 min vs. 5.73±1.35 min, P<0.001). The experimental group had lower D-dimer levels (0.26±0.73 mg/L vs. 0.35±0.55 mg/L, P=0.028). In the experimental group, the patients did not experience an increased risk of VTE (0% vs. 1.66%, P=0.268) and bleeding (1.18% vs. 0.67%, P=0.558) compared to the controls. There was no significant difference in net clinical benefit, which combined VTE and bleeding events, between the experimental and control groups (1.18% vs. 0.83%, P=0.559). CONCLUSION: Applying the simple three-factor model in perioperative VTE management could quickly identify the patient with a high risk of VTE and improve the prophylaxis rate of perioperative VTE. TRIAL REGISTRATION: XXX. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ChiCTR2000033769.

[The surgical strategy for laparoscopic approach in recurrent inguinal hernia repair: 213 cases report].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the surgical strategy for laparoscopic approach in recurrent inguinal hernia repair. METHODS: Between January 2001 and December 2011, the clinical data of 213 patients with 225 recurrent inguinal hernias underwent laparoscopic repair were retrospectively analyzed. There were 202 male and 11 female patients and their average age were (67 ± 14) years old (range 22-97 years old). The surgical methods included laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal hernia repair (TAPP, n = 174), total extraperitoneal herniorrhaphy (TEP, n = 41) and intraperitoneal onlay mesh (IPOM, n = 10). The follow-up period ranged from 15 to 60 months (median 42 months). No patient lost to follow-up during the investigation. RESULTS: The 48 TAPP and 26 TEP were applied to 77 (32.9%) recurrent hernias after conventional suture repair; 23 TAPP and 15 TEP were utilized to 38 (16.9%) recurrent hernias after Lichtenstein repair; 90 TAPP and 1 IPOM were employed for 91 (40.4%) recurrent hernias after Patch and Plug repair; and the other 22 (9.8%) recurrent hernias after preperitoneal repair were repaired by using 13 TAPP and 9 IPOM techniques. No conversion to open surgery was observed. The average operative time was (39 ± 14) minutes (range 15-90 minutes). No patients required analgesia postoperatively. The postoperative average VAS score was 2.4 ± 1.1 (range 1.2-6.4). The average hospital stay was (1.7 ± 1.5) days (range 1-9 days), and the patients returned to unrestricted activities in 2 weeks was 99.6% (212 cases). No recurrence was observed during the follow-up. The accumulative postoperative complications rates was 11.1% (25 cases), with 1 severe complication (surgical intervention was needed) as intraabdominal infection (0.4%), as well as other 24 complications including 15 cases of seroma (6.7%), 5 cases of urinary retention (2.2%), 3 cases with transient paresthesia (1.3%) and 1 case with paralytic ileus (0.4%). CONCLUSIONS: TAPP and TEP are both feasible and efficacious techniques to treat recurrent hernias after suture repair and Lichtenstein repair, while the choice depends on surgeons' experience. Most recurrent hernias after Patch and Plug repair could be treated successfully by TAPP but TEP technique is not encouraged. For recurrences after preperitoneal repair, the TAPP repair should be recommended as first choice, while IPOM is a good technique to cope with the cases which TAPP failed.

[Chemical constitunents of seeds of Oroxylum indicum].

OBJECTIVE: To study the chemical constituents in the seeds of Oroxylum indicum. METHOD: Twenty compounds were isolated and purified by silica gel, and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, and their structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis including NMR and MS. RESULT: Twenty compounds were isolated and identified as oroxin A (1), oroxin B (2), chrysin (3), baicalein (4), quercetin (5), apigenin (6), kaempferol (7), quercetin-3-O-ara-binopyranoside (8), lupeol C9), lup-20 (29)-ene-2alpha,3beta-diol (10), pinosylvin (11), dihydropinosylvin (12), cholest-5-ene-3, 7-diol (13), rengyol (14), isorengyol (15), zarzissine (16), (E) -pinosylvin-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (17), adenosine (18), sitosterol (19) and daucosterol (20). CONCLUSION: Compounds 11-13 and 15-18 were obtained from the genus Oroxylum for the first time, and except compound 18, the remaining 6 compounds were obtained from the family Bignoniaceae for the first time.

Laparoscopic complete mesocolic excision (CME) with medial access for right-hemi colon cancer: feasibility and technical strategies.

OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to investigate the feasibility and technical strategies of laparoscopic complete mesocolic excision (CME) for right-hemi colon cancer. METHODS: The clinical and pathological findings of 64 patients with right-hemi colon cancer who underwent laparoscopic CME between March 2010 and September 2011 were collected retrospectively. Among them, 35 cases were eligible for the final analysis through various screening factors. The quality of surgery also was assessed by reviewing the recorded video obtained through the operations in terms of specimen anatomic planes and completeness of the excised mesocolon. RESULTS: Laparoscopic CME is focused on applying the concept of enveloped visceral and parietal planes during the operations. Laparoscopic approach proceeds with medial access where the dissection starts at ileocolic vessel before proceeds along with the superior mesenteric vessel. The access also emphasized en bloc resection of mesocolon without defections to the planes. Besides, lymph node resections at the root of ileocolic; right colic and middle colic vessels are necessary for ileocecum cancer. Cancers at the hepatic flexure requires further dissection of subpyloric lymph nodes and of greater omentum that is within 15 cm of the tumor and along the greater curvature. Thirty-five cases were evaluated as good plane. The median total number of central lymph nodes retrieved was 19 (range, 15-25) and central lymph node metastasis was found in 5 of all stage III cases. The median operation time was 2.6 h and the blood loss was 80 mL. The median time for passage of flatus and hospitalization were 2 and 12 days respectively. Complications were observed in three cases. CONCLUSIONS: CME is a novel concept for colon cancer surgery and might be a standard for the procedure. Laparoscopic CME with medial access is technically feasible and randomized trials are needed to evaluate its long-term outcomes.

Local resection for rectal tumors: comparative study of transanal endoscopic microsurgery vs. conventional transanal excision - the experience in China.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: To compare the operative range,safety and therapeutic effect of local resection of rectal tumors by using transanal endoscopic microsurgery and conventional transanal excision. METHODOLOGY: We reviewed data from 76 patients treated using conventional TAE during the period from January 2003 to July 2006 and 53 patients treated using TEM during the period from September 2006 to February 2010 in the Ruijin Hospital affiliated with the Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine. RESULTS: Age, gender, tumor size, blood loss and postoperative hospital stay were similar in the 2 groups. The median distance from the anal verge was significantly higher in the TEM group than in the TAE group. Operation time was significantly longer in the TEM group than in the TAE group.During the median follow-up of 40 months, the LRR in the TEM group was lower than that in the TAE group,especially for tumors that are larger (>3cm) and located higher (>8cm from the anal verge) and pT1 carcinomas. CONCLUSIONS: TEM is a safe, effective and minimally invasive surgical technique for the treatment of early rectal neoplasms. Compared to conventional TAE,TEM has a broader operative range and a better therapeutic effect.

CNPY4 is a potential promising prognostic-related biomarker and correlated with immune infiltrates in gliomas.

Glioblastomas are classified into primary and secondary; primary glioblastomas develop rapidly and aggressively, whereas secondary glioblastomas are more common in grade II and III gliomas. Here, we aimed to demonstrate the role of the CNPY4 gene as a potential biomarker in immune infiltration in gliomas. Based on gene expression profile interaction analysis (GEPIA), we studied the survival model of CNPY4 and evaluated its effect on patients with glioma. The glioma dataset was downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between clinical data and CNPY4 expression. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional-hazards models were used to compare clinical features and patient survival. The relationship between CNPY4 and immune infiltration in glioma was studied using GEPIA and CIBERSORT online tools. TCGA data were analyzed using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Finally, TIMER was used to analyze the expression and immune infiltration of CNPY4 in glioma to study the cumulative survival rate. Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that increased CNPY4 expression was associated with tumor age, grade, IDH status, and 1p/19q codeletion. Multivariate analysis showed that that downregulation of CNPY4 expression was an independent and satisfactory prognostic factor. CNPY4 expression was correlated with the infiltration level of dendritic cells in glioblastoma. In contrast, in low-grade gliomas, the infiltration level of B cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and CD4+ T cells was significantly correlated with CNPY4 expression. The GSEA results showed that CNPY4 played an immunoregulatory role in immune-related phenotypic pathways between lymphoid and nonlymphoid cells. The intestinal immune networks for IgA production, rabbit thyroid disease, primary immunodeficiencies, and cancer immunotherapy were enriched by PD-1 blockade. High CNPY4 expression is a biomarker of glioma prognosis and is associated with the immune invasion of glioma.

Candidate Chemosensory Genes Identified in the Adult Antennae of Sympiezomias velatus and Binding Property of Odorant-Binding Protein 15.

Chemosensory genes play important roles in insect behaviors and have thus become potential molecular targets for pest control based on the manipulation of chemoreception-driven behaviors. The great gray weevil Sympiezomias velatus (Chevrolat) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is an important agricultural pest that causes serious economic losses to many crops in China, but its chemosensory genes have not been reported. Here we assembled the antennal transcriptomes of female and male adult S. velatus and revealed the major chemosensory genes necessary for olfaction. A total of 138 candidate chemosensory genes in six families were identified, including 41 encoding odorant-binding proteins (OBPs), 11 encoding chemosensory proteins (CSPs), 62 encoding odorant receptors (ORs), 15 encoding gustatory receptors (GRs), six encoding ionotropic receptors (IRs), and three encoding sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs). We analyzed their phylogenetic relationship based on the amino acid sequences of these chemosensory-related protein families in S. velatus and other insects, and the expression profiles based on their antennal transcriptomes. Chemosensory genes that show antenna-abundant/specific or sex-biased expression were observed, suggesting that these genes might have functions in olfaction. Furthermore, we chose an antenna-abundant OBP belonging to ABPX subfamily, SvelOBP15, to investigate its binding property. The results showed that among 33 tested compounds, SvelOBP15 displayed high binding affinities (Ki = 7.36-12.94 µmol/L) with farnesol, nerolidol, limonene and diisobutyl phthalate, indicating that SvelOBP15 plays olfactory roles by binding and transporting specific plant volatiles. These findings will help us better understand the olfactory systems of S. velatus, and provide a basis for functional elucidation of these chemosensory genes.

Establishment and Validation of a Ferroptosis-Related lncRNA Signature for Prognosis Prediction in Lower-Grade Glioma.

Background: The prognosis of lower-grade glioma (LGG) is highly variable, and more accurate predictors are still needed. The aim of our study was to explore the prognostic value of ferroptosis-related long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in LGG and to develop a novel risk signature for predicting survival with LGG. Methods: We first integrated multiple datasets to screen for prognostic ferroptosis-related lncRNAs in LGG. A least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis was then utilized to develop a risk signature for prognostic prediction. Based on the results of multivariate Cox analysis, a prognostic nomogram model for LGG was constructed. Finally, functional enrichment analysis, single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA), immunity, and m6A correlation analyses were conducted to explore the possible mechanisms by which these ferroptosis-related lncRNAs affect survival with LGG. Results: A total of 11 ferroptosis-related lncRNAs related to the prognosis of LGG were identified. Based on prognostic lncRNAs, a risk signature consisting of 8 lncRNAs was constructed and demonstrated good predictive performance in both the training and validation cohorts. Correlation analysis suggested that the risk signature was closely linked to clinical features. The nomogram model we constructed by combining the risk signature and clinical parameters proved to be more accurate in predicting the prognosis of LGG. In addition, there were differences in the levels of immune cell infiltration, immune-related functions, immune checkpoints, and m6A-related gene expression between the high- and low-risk groups. Conclusion: In summary, our ferroptosis-related lncRNA signature exhibits good performance in predicting the prognosis of LGG. This study may provide useful insight into the treatment of LGG.

Reconstruction of complex chest wall defects: A case report.

BACKGROUND: Chronic radiative chest wall ulcers are common in patients undergoing radiation therapy. If not treated early, then symptoms such as erosion, bleeding and infection will appear on the skin. In severe cases, ulcers invade the ribs and pleura, presenting a mortality risk. Small ulcers can be repaired with pedicle flaps. Because radioactive ulcers often invade the thorax, surgeons need to remove large areas of skin and muscle, and sometimes ribs. Repairing large chest wall defects are a challenge for surgeons. CASE SUMMARY: A 74-year-old female patient was admitted to our department with chest wall skin ulceration after radiation therapy for left breast cancer. The patient was diagnosed with chronic radioactive ulceration. After multidisciplinary discussion, the authors performed expansive resection of the chest wall ulcers and repaired large chest wall defects using a deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap combined with a high-density polyethylene (HDPE) patch. The patient was followed-up 6 mo after the operation. No pigmentation or edema was found in the flap. CONCLUSION: DIEP flap plus HDPE patch is one of the better treatments for radiation-induced chest wall ulcers.

Analysis of furan and its major furan derivatives in coffee products on the Chinese market using HS-GC-MS and the estimated exposure of the Chinese population.

The current study analysed concentrations of furan and its derivatives in coffee products commercially available in China based on an improved headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS) method and estimated health risks. A total of 101 samples of coffee products on the Chinese market was analysed. Furan (98%, ND-6569 µg/kg) and 2-methylfuran (100%, 2-29639 µg/kg) were the compounds with the highest concentrations and detection rates in coffee products. The mean dietary exposure of Chinese consumers to furan and the sum of furan, 2-methylfuran and 3-methylfuran in coffee products was 0.09 and 0.46 µg/kg bw/day, respectively. For the neoplastic effects of furan, the margin of exposure (MOE) was 14,556 for the mean dietary exposure of consumers. For the non-neoplastic effects of furan, MOEs were 711 and 139 for furan and the sum of furan, 2-methylfuran and 3-methylfuran, respectively. Overall, a health concern is indicated for coffee consumers with MOEs below 10000.

Whole-Brain Volume CT Angiography can Effectively Detect Early Ischemic Cerebrovascular Diseases.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of whole-brain volume computed tomography (CT) perfusion in assessing early ischemic cerebrovascular diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-two patients with early ischemic cerebrovascular diseases who had undergone routine CT scan and 320-row volume CT whole-brain perfusion imaging within 8 h after admission were retrospectively enrolled in this one-center case-sectional study. The perfusion parameters of cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood volume (CBV), mean transit time (MTT), time to peak (TTP), and dynamic CT angiogram (4D-CTA) were obtained and analyzed. RESULTS: Among 72 patients, 29 cases with 37 cerebral ischemic lesions were found in plain CT scan, whereas 51 cases with 76 lesions were found in whole-brain CT perfusion, with 30.6% more patients being detected. The CBF value was significantly lower in the abnormal than normal corresponding perfusion area in the healthy hemisphere (P<0.05), while the MTT and TTP values were significantly higher in the abnormal than the normal corresponding area (P<0.05). 4D-CTA image suggested that 59 cases had different degrees of stenosis or occlusion, including 11 mild, 18 moderate, 21 severe, and 9 occlusive cases. Four-D-CTA imaging could detect significantly (P<0.05) more patients with abnormal perfusion in severe cerebral vascular stenosis or occlusion than those with no, mild or moderate stenosis (93.33% vs. 16.67%) (P<0.05). The stenosis of intracranial and carotid arteries was positively correlated with MTT and TTP values (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Whole-brain volume CT angiography can comprehensively display early cerebral ischemic lesions, cerebral blood perfusion status, and cerebral vascular stenosis, providing valuable information for early detection of ischemic cerebral diseases and appropriate treatment planning.