Genetic basis of maize stalk strength decoded via linkage and association mapping.

Stalk lodging is a severe problem that limits maize production worldwide, although little attention has been given to its genetic basis. Here we measured rind penetrometer resistance (RPR), an effective index for stalk lodging, in a multi-parent population of 1948 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) and an association population of 508 inbred lines (AMP508). Linkage and association mapping identified 53 and 29 single quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and 50 and 19 pairs of epistatic interactions for RPR in the multi-parent population and AMP508 population, respectively. Phenotypic variation explained by all identified epistatic QTLs (up to ~5%) was much less than that explained by all single additive QTLs (up to ~33% in the multi-parent population and ~ 60% in the AMP508 population). Among all detected QTLs, only eight single QTLs explained >10% of phenotypic variation in single RIL populations. Alleles that increased RPR were enriched in tropical/subtropical (TST) groups from the AMP508 population. Based on genome-wide association studies in both populations, we identified 137 candidate genes affecting RPR, which were assigned to multiple biological processes, such as the biosynthesis of cell wall components. Sixty-six candidate genes were cross-validated by multiple methods or populations. Most importantly, 23 candidate genes were upregulated or downregulated in high-RPR lines relative to low-RPR lines, supporting the associations between candidate genes and RPR. These findings reveal the complex nature of the genetic basis underlying RPR and provide loci or candidate genes for developing elite varieties that are resistant to stalk lodging via molecular breeding.

Urea transporter UT-A1 as a novel drug target for hyponatremia.

Hyponatremia is the most common disorder of electrolyte imbalances. It is necessary to develop new type of diuretics to treat hyponatremia without losing electrolytes. Urea transporters (UT) play an important role in the urine concentrating process and have been proved as a novel diuretic target. In this study, rat and mouse syndromes of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) models were constructed and analyzed to determine if UTs are a promising drug target for treating hyponatremia. Experimental results showed that 100 mg/kg UT inhibitor 25a significantly increased serum osmolality (from 249.83 ± 5.95 to 294.33 ± 3.90 mOsm/kg) and serum sodium (from 114 ± 2.07 to 136.67 ± 3.82 mmol/L) respectively in hyponatremia rats by diuresis. Serum chemical examination showed that 25a neither caused another electrolyte imbalance nor influenced the lipid metabolism. Using UT-A1 and UT-B knockout mouse SIADH model, it was found that serum osmolality and serum sodium were lowered much less in UT-A1 knockout mice than in UT-B knockout mice, which suggest UT-A1 is a better therapeutic target than UT-B to treat hyponatremia. This study provides a proof of concept that UT-A1 is a diuretic target for SIADH-induced hyponatremia and UT-A1 inhibitors might be developed into new diuretics to treat hyponatremia.

Genome-wide association identifies a missing hydrolase for tocopherol synthesis in plants.

The tocopherol biosynthetic pathway, encoded by VTE genes 1 through 6, is highly conserved in plants but most large effect quantitative trait loci for seed total tocopherols (totalT) lack VTE genes, indicating other activities are involved. A genome-wide association study of Arabidopsis seed tocopherols showed five of seven significant intervals lacked VTE genes, including the most significant, which mapped to an uncharacterized, seed-specific, envelope-localized, alpha/beta hydrolase with esterase activity, designated AtVTE7. Atvte7 null mutants decreased seed totalT 55% while a leaky allele of the maize ortholog, ZmVTE7, decreased kernel and leaf totalT 38% and 49%, respectively. Overexpressing AtVTE7 or ZmVTE7 partially or fully complemented the Atvte7 seed phenotype and increased leaf totalT by 3.6- and 6.9-fold, respectively. VTE7 has the characteristics of an esterase postulated to provide phytol from chlorophyll degradation for tocopherol synthesis, but bulk chlorophyll levels were unaffected in vte7 mutants and overexpressing lines. Instead, levels of specific chlorophyll biosynthetic intermediates containing partially reduced side chains were impacted and strongly correlated with totalT. These intermediates are generated by a membrane-associated biosynthetic complex containing protochlorophyllide reductase, chlorophyll synthase, geranylgeranyl reductase (GGR) and light harvesting-like 3 protein, all of which are required for both chlorophyll and tocopherol biosynthesis. We propose a model where VTE7 releases prenyl alcohols from chlorophyll biosynthetic intermediates, which are then converted to the corresponding diphosphates for tocopherol biosynthesis.

Single-cell transcriptomic analysis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma: Deciphering the role of APP within the tumour microenvironment.

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) represents a significant challenge in oncology, primarily due to its resistance to conventional therapies. Understanding the tumour microenvironment (TME) is crucial for developing new treatment strategies. This study focuses on the role of amyloid precursor protein (APP) in tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) within the ccRCC TME, exploring its potential as a prognostic biomarker. Basing TAM-related genes, the prognostic model was important to constructed. Employing advanced single-cell transcriptomic analysis, this research dissects the TME of ccRCC at an unprecedented cellular resolution. By isolating and examining the gene expression profiles of individual cells, particularly focusing on TAMs, the study investigates the expression levels of APP and their association with the clinical outcomes of ccRCC patients. The analysis reveals a significant correlation between the expression of APP in TAMs and patient prognosis in ccRCC. Patients with higher APP expression in TAMs showed differing clinical outcomes compared to those with lower expression. This finding suggests that APP could serve as a novel prognostic biomarker for ccRCC, providing insights into the disease progression and potential therapeutic targets. This study underscores the importance of single-cell transcriptomics in understanding the complex dynamics of the TME in ccRCC. The correlation between APP expression in TAMs and patient prognosis highlights APP as a potential prognostic biomarker. However, further research is needed to validate these findings and explore the regulatory mechanisms and therapeutic implications of APP in ccRCC.

The Carthamus tinctorius L. genome sequence provides insights into synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids.

Domesticated safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is a widely cultivated edible oil crop. However, despite its economic importance, the genetic basis underlying key traits such as oil content, resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, and flowering time remains poorly understood. Here, we present the genome assembly for C. tinctorius variety Jihong01, which was obtained by integrating Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) and BGI-SEQ500 sequencing results. The assembled genome was 1,061.1 Mb, and consisted of 32,379 protein-coding genes, 97.71% of which were functionally annotated. Safflower had a recent whole genome duplication (WGD) event in evolution history and diverged from sunflower approximately 37.3 million years ago. Through comparative genomic analysis at five seed development stages, we unveiled the pivotal roles of fatty acid desaturase 2 (FAD2) and fatty acid desaturase 6 (FAD6) in linoleic acid (LA) biosynthesis. Similarly, the differential gene expression analysis further reinforced the significance of these genes in regulating LA accumulation. Moreover, our investigation of seed fatty acid composition at different seed developmental stages unveiled the crucial roles of FAD2 and FAD6 in LA biosynthesis. These findings offer important insights into enhancing breeding programs for the improvement of quality traits and provide reference resource for further research on the natural properties of safflower.

Ginsenoside Rb1 attenuates doxorubicin induced cardiotoxicity by suppressing autophagy and ferroptosis.

Ginsenoside Rb1 (Rb1), an active component isolated from traditional Chinese medicine Ginseng, is beneficial to many cardiovascular diseases. However, whether it can protect against doxorubicin induced cardiotoxicity (DIC) is not clear yet. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of Rb1 in DIC. Mice were injected with a single dose of doxorubicin (20 mg/kg) to induce acute cardiotoxicity. Rb1 was given daily gavage to mice for 7 days. Changes in cardiac function, myocardium histopathology, oxidative stress, cardiomyocyte mitochondrion morphology were studied to evaluate Rb1's function on DIC. Meanwhile, RNA-seq analysis was performed to explore the potential underline molecular mechanism involved in Rb1's function on DIC. We found that Rb1 treatment can improve survival rate and body weight in Dox treated mice group. Rb1 can attenuate Dox induced cardiac dysfunction and myocardium hypertrophy and interstitial fibrosis. The oxidative stress increase and cardiomyocyte mitochondrion injury were improved by Rb1 treatment. Mechanism study found that Rb1's beneficial role in DIC is through suppressing of autophagy and ferroptosis. This study shown that Ginsenoside Rb1 can protect against DIC by regulating autophagy and ferroptosis.

Enabling High Reversibility of Zn anode via Interfacial Engineering Induced by Amino acid Electrolyte Additive.

Despite possessing substantial benefits of enhanced safety and cost-effectiveness, the aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) still suffers with the critical challenges induced by inherent instability of Zn metal in aqueous electrolytes. Zn dendrites, surface passivation, and corrosion are some of the key challenges governed by water-driven side reactions in Zn anodes. Herein, a highly reversible Zn anode is demonstrated via interfacial engineering of Zn/electrolyte driven by amino acid D-Phenylalanine (DPA) additions. The preferential adsorption of DPA and the development of compact SEI on the Zn anode suppressed the side reactions, leading to controlled and uniform Zn deposition. As a result, DPA added aqueous electrolyte stabilized Zn anode under severe test environments of 20.0 mA cm-2 and 10.0 mAh cm-2 along with an average plating/stripping Coulombic efficiency of 99.37%. Under multiple testing conditions, the DPA-incorporated electrolyte outperforms the control group electrolyte, revealing the critical additive impact on Zn anode stability. This study advances interfacial engineering through versatile electrolyte additive(s) toward development of stable Zn anode, which may lead to its practical implementation in aqueous rechargeable zinc batteries.

Unlocking the power of Zc3h12c: Orchestrating Macrophage activation and elevating the innate immune response.

The activation of macrophages, essential for the innate defense against invading pathogens, revolves around Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Nevertheless, a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing TLR signaling in the course of macrophage activation remains to be fully clarified. Although Zc3h12c was originally identified as being enriched in organs associated with macrophages, its precise function remains elusive. In this study, we observed a significant induction of Zc3h12c in macrophages following stimulation with TLR agonists and pathogens. Overexpression of Zc3h12c significantly mitigated the release of TNF-α and IL-6 triggered by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), whereas depletion of Zc3h12c increased the production of the cytokines mentioned above. Notably, the expression of IFN-ß was not influenced by Zc3h12c. Luciferase reporter assays revealed that Zc3h12c could suppress the TNF-α promoter activity. Moreover, Zc3h12c exerted a notable inhibitory effect on JNK, ERK, p38, and NF-κB signaling induced by LPS. In summary, the findings of our study suggest that Zc3h12c functions as a robust suppressor of innate immunity, potentially playing a role in the pathogenesis of infectious diseases.

Dual interface trapezium liquid prism with beam steering function.

In this paper, a dual interface trapezium liquid prism with beam steering function is implemented and analyzed. The electrowetting-on-dielectric method is used to perform the desired beam steering function without mechanical moving parts. This work examines deflection angles at different applied voltages to determine the beam steering range. The deflection angle can be experimentally measured from 0° to 3.43°. The proposed liquid prism can be applied in the field of optical manipulation, solar collecting system and so on.

sPD-L1 and sPD-L2 in plasma of patients with lung cancer and their clinical significance.

INTRODUCTION: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. We aim here to determine the soluble programmed death ligand-1 (sPD-L1) and soluble programmed death ligand-2 (sPD-L2) levels in the plasma of patients with lung cancer and evaluate the clinical significance. METHODS: Plasma samples from 95 lung cancer patients and 55 healthy donors were collected, and the sPD-L1 and sPD-L2 levels were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The correlations of the plasma sPD-L1 and sPD-L2 levels with clinicopathological status and survival of the patients were analyzed. RESULTS: The sPD-L1 and sPD-L2 levels in plasma of lung cancer patients were 713.8 (240.6-3815) pg/ mL and 3233(1122-13955) pg/ mL, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the health donors 618.6 (189.1-1149) pg/ mL and 2182 (1133-3471) pg/ mL, and the plasma levels of sPD-L1 are correlated with sPD-L2. ROC results showed that both sPD-L1 and sPD-L2 were potential biomarker for lung cancer, and with a higher accuracy level when combined with CEA. Patients with Higher plasma sPD-L1 level (>713.75 pg/ mL) are associated with poor overall survival in advanced lung cancer patients (197 days vs 643 days). CONCLUSIONS: The combination of sPD-L1 and sPD-L2 could be used as adjunctive diagnostic, High level of plasma sPD-L1 rather than sPD-L2 is associated with poor prognosis in lung cancer patients.

Dual-key-based adaptive watermark embedding for light field 3D images.

The existing methods fail to effectively utilize the viewpoint information of light field 3D images for watermark embedding which results in a serious decrease in both invisibility and robustness of the watermark. Therefore, we propose a novel, to the best of our knowledge, light field 3D dual-key-based watermarking network (3D-DKWN). Our method employs a pixel mapping algorithm to obtain the disparity sub-image of the light field 3D image and generates an encoding key (EK). Adaptive watermark embedding is then performed on the disparity sub-image and a steganographic key (SK) is generated. Finally, the light field 3D image with the embedded watermark is reconstructed. Compared with previous approaches, our method reasonably utilizes the viewpoint information of light field 3D images, resulting in the significant improvement of invisibility and robustness of the watermark.

Construction of Oligorotaxanes with Hydrogen-Bonded Aramide Macrocycles through Threaded Host-Guest Complexation.

The development of efficient and selective organic synthetic approaches for complex molecules has garnered significant attention due to the need for precise control over molecular structures and functions. Rotaxanes, a type of mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs), have shown promising applications in various fields including sensing, catalysis, and material science. However, the highly selective synthesis of oligo[n]rotaxanes (mostly n≥3) through controlling host-guest complexation and supramolecular threading assembly process still remains an ongoing challenge. In particular, the utilization of two-dimensional (2D) macrocycles with structural shape-persistency for the synthesis of oligo[n]rotaxanes is rare. In this concept, research on cooperatively threaded host-guest complexation with hydrogen-bonded (H-bonded) aramide macrocycles and selective synthetic protocols of oligo[n]rotaxanes has been summarized. The high efficiency and selectivity in synthesis are ascribed to the synergistic interplay of multiple non-covalent bonding interactions such as hydrogen bonding and intermolecular π-π stacking of macrocycles within the unique supramolecular structure of threaded host-guest complexes. This review focuses on the latest progress in the concepts, synthesis, and properties of H-bonded aramide macrocycle-based oligorotaxanes, and presents an in-depth outlook on challenges in this emerging field.

Histone deacetylase 9 plays a role in sevoflurane-induced neuronal differentiation inhibition by inactivating cAMP-response element binding protein transcription and inhibiting the expression of neurotrophin-3.

Postoperative cognitive decline (POCD) is a common and serious complication following anesthesia and surgery; however, the precise mechanisms of POCD remain unclear. Our previous research showed that sevoflurane impairs adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) and thus cognitive function in the aged brain by affecting neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) expression; however, the signaling mechanism involved remains unexplored. In this study, we found a dramatic decrease in the proportion of differentiated neurons with increasing concentrations of sevoflurane, and the inhibition of neural stem cell differentiation was partially reversed after the administration of exogenous NT-3. Understanding the molecular underpinnings by which sevoflurane affects NT-3 is key to counteracting cognitive dysfunction. Here, we report that sevoflurane administration for 2 days resulted in upregulation of histone deacetylase 9 (HDAC9) expression, which led to transcriptional inactivation of cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB). Due to the colocalization of HDAC9 and CREB within cells, this may be related to the interaction between HDAC9 and CREB. Anyway, this ultimately led to reduced NT-3 expression and inhibition of neural stem cell differentiation. Furthermore, knockdown of HDAC9 rescued the transcriptional activation of CREB after sevoflurane exposure, while reversing the downregulation of NT-3 expression and inhibition of neural stem cell differentiation. In summary, this study identifies a unique mechanism by which sevoflurane can inhibit CREB transcription through HDAC9, and this process reduces NT-3 levels and ultimately inhibits neuronal differentiation. This finding may reveal a new strategy to prevent sevoflurane-induced neuronal dysfunction.

Synergistic Engineering of Energy Band Alignment and Interfacial Electric Field Distribution over Bi-bismuth-Based Hetero-nanofibers for Boosting Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalytic Ammonia Synthesis and Antibiotic Removal.

Synergistic engineering of energy band alignment and interfacial electric field distribution is essential for photocatalyst design but is still challenging because of the limitation on refined regulation in the nanoscale. This study addresses the issue by employing surface modification and thermal-induced phase transformation in Bi2MoO6/BixOyIz hetero-nanofiber frameworks. The energy band alignment switches from a type-II interface to a Z-scheme contact with stronger redox potentials and inhibited electron traps, and the optimized built-in electric field distribution could be reached based on experimental and theoretical investigations. The engineered hetero-nanofibers exhibit outstanding visible-light-driven photocatalytic nitrogen reduction activity (605 µmol/g/h) and tetracycline hydrochloride removal rate (81.5% within 30 min), ranking them among the top-performing bismuth series materials. Furthermore, the photocatalysts show promise in activating advanced oxidants for efficient organic pollutant degradation. Moreover, the Bi2MoO6/Bi5O7I hetero-nanofibers possess good recycling stability owing to their three-dimensional network structure. This research offers valuable insights into heterojunction design for environmental remediation and industrial applications.

The stress granule protein G3BP1 promotes pre-condensation of cGAS to allow rapid responses to DNA.

Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) functions as a key sensor for microbial invasion and cellular damage by detecting emerging cytosolic DNA. Here, we report that GTPase-activating protein-(SH3 domain)-binding protein 1 (G3BP1) primes cGAS for its prompt activation by engaging cGAS in a primary liquid-phase condensation state. Using high-resolution microscopy, we show that in resting cells, cGAS exhibits particle-like morphological characteristics, which are markedly weakened when G3BP1 is deleted. Upon DNA challenge, the pre-condensed cGAS undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) more efficiently. Importantly, G3BP1 deficiency or its inhibition dramatically diminishes DNA-induced LLPS and the subsequent activation of cGAS. Interestingly, RNA, previously reported to form condensates with cGAS, does not activate cGAS. Accordingly, we find that DNA - but not RNA - treatment leads to the dissociation of G3BP1 from cGAS. Taken together, our study shows that the primary condensation state of cGAS is critical for its rapid response to DNA.

EMM-Promoted Pd-Catalyzed Solid State Intramolecular Heck-Type Cyclization/Boronation and Suzuki Couplings: Access to Functionalized Indolines.

EMM (electromagnetic mill)-promoted Pd-catalyzed solid state intramolecular Heck-type cyclization/boronation and Suzuki couplings are reported. Compared to previous mechanochemistry that constructed one chemical bond through a cross-coupling reaction, this strategy realizes cascade transformation along with multiple chemical bond formation. This conversion does not require organic solvents or additional heating, and it shows a good substrate scope and high functional group tolerance.

Fourteen-Day Tegoprazan-Amoxicillin Dual Therapy as the First-Line Treatment of Helicobacter pylori Infection (SHARE2301): A Multicenter, Noninferiority, Randomized Clinical Trial.

BACKGROUND: Potassium-competitive acid blockers have demonstrated enormous potential in the eradication treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection, with tegoprazan being one of the representatives. The available data on the safety and efficacy of tegoprazan in dual therapy are limited. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The multicenter, noninferiority, randomized-controlled trial was conducted from May 2023 to March 2024. Treatment-naive subjects were randomly assigned (1:1) to enter either the tegoprazan-amoxicillin (TA) group (tegoprazan 50 mg twice daily and amoxicillin 750 mg four times daily) or the esomeprazole-amoxicillin (EA) group (esomeprazole 20 mg and amoxicillin 750 mg all four times daily), with a duration for 14 days. The primary outcome was eradication rate as determined by 13C-urea breath test, including per-protocol (PP) analysis and intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis. Secondary outcomes were adverse events and compliance. RESULTS: A total of 368 individuals were included in the randomization. The eradication rates in the EA group and the TA group were 84.2% and 85.8%, respectively, according to an ITT analysis (p = 0.77), and 88.5% and 88.2%, respectively, according to PP analysis (p = 1.00). The eradication rates for the TA group were not inferior to those of the EA group in both PP (p = 0.0023) and ITT analyses (p = 0.0009). There were no significant statistical differences in the incidence of adverse events and compliance between the two groups. The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that poor compliance increased the risk of eradication failure (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Dual therapy containing tegoprazan is safe and effective to be considered as a clinical first-line treatment option, but further optimization involving antimicrobial susceptibility testing and adjustments in dosage and frequency is warranted. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT05870683.

Graphyne-based 3D porous structure and its sandwich-type graphene structure for alkali metal ion battery anode materials.

In order to develop candidate materials for more metal ion battery anodes, a three-dimensional (3D) porous structure 3D-PGY was designed based on graphyne, and a sandwich structure graphene/PGY/graphene (G/PGY/G) was constructed by adjusting the distance between two layers of graphene with 3D-PGY as the middle layer. Systematic calculations have shown that 3D-PGY is thermally and mechanically stable even at temperatures up to 1000 K. Li can migrate in multiple diffusion directions in two structures because of its smaller radius while Na and K ions can only migrate through the larger pores. The energy barriers of Li, Na and K ions in 3D-PGY are 0.18, 0.43 and 0.27 eV respectively. After forming the sandwich structure with graphene, the minimum energy barriers of Li, Na and K ions are decreased to 0.12, 0.37 and 0.24 eV, respectively. As the anode for Li, Na, and K ion batteries, the theoretical specific capacities of 3D-PGY are about 558 mA h g-1, and the average open circuit voltages of 3D-PGY and G/PGY/G are about 0.48/0.52/0.29 and 1.08/1.04/1.39 V, respectively. Finally, using ab initio molecular dynamics simulations, the diffusion coefficients for 3D-PGY at different temperatures, as well as for G/PGY/G at 400 K were obtained. The Li, Na and K ions in both structures can diffuse rapidly and have good rate capabilities. These excellent performances show that the graphyne-based 3D porous structure and its sandwich-type graphene structure are very promising for the development of new battery materials.

Construction of aldehyde-based, ester-based hyper-cross-linked polar resin and its selective adsorption mechanism for phenol in coal chemical wastewater.

Efficient and precise recovery of phenol from coal chemical wastewater (CCW) poses a significant challenge, prompting the development of a novel aldehyde-based, ester-based hyper-cross-linked polar resin (DES-COOC-CHO) in this study. Two distinct functional group modification methods were employed to enhance the screening effect of the resin. SEM, FT-IR, NMR, XPS, and BET characterizations confirmed the successful construction of the hyper-cross-linked polar resin, incorporation aldehyde and ester groups, exhibiting a special surface area of 627.2 m2/g and a microporous specific surface area percentage of 29.94%. DES-COOC-CHO adhered to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir model (maximum adsorption capacity of 118.0 mg/g). Its adsorption of phenol was spontaneous chemisorption, monolayer adsorption. Notably, even after undergoing 20 adsorption-desorption cycles, the resin maintained a stable adsorption capacity, showcasing excellent recoverability. In the presence of phenols sharing similar properties, DES-COOC-CHO exhibited superior selectivity for phenol. In real CCW, it achieved a remarkable 90% selective removal rate of phenol. The primary selective mechanism relied on the hydrogen bonding effect facilitated by aldehyde and ester groups, coupled with microporous sieving of appropriate size. In comparison with other adsorbent materials, DES-COOC-CHO exhibited superior adsorption properties, coupled with a cost-effective preparation process, presenting significant potential for practical applications.

IgG4-associated disease with systemic lupus erythematosus: A case report and review.

We report a 67-year-old man who presented with poor dietary intake and fatigue. Laboratory tests showed leukopenia, antinuclear antibody (ANA) positivity, anti-dsDNA antibody (A-dsDNA) and anti-Smith antibody (anti-Sm) negativity, decreased C3 and C4, elevated serum immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgG4, and creatinine, and 1.25 g urinary protein at 24 hours. As his condition worsened, re-examination showed thrombocytopenia and A-dsDNA positivity, and renal biopsy pathology showed IgG4-related tubulointerstitial nephritis. The final diagnosis was IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). His condition improved with glucocorticoid (GC) combined with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) treatment. This case highlights that IgG4-RD and SLE may occur successively or co-exist and may convert into each other.