Preparation and Properties of Novel Polymer Blue Fluorescent Materials.

The pyrazoline was chosen as the luminescent functional group, and then four kinds of new polyamide polymer blue fluorescent materials were designed and synthesized. The structures of them were confirmed by using NMR (H 1NMR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Furthermore, liquid and solid film fluorescence excitation and emission spectra of the compounds were measured, and three polymers J1, J2 and J3 showed good fluorescence properties. The polymeric materials showed good film capacity, low cost and good thermal stability, and are expected to be widely applied in electroluminescent devices.

[Analysis for related factors of upper urinary tract deterioration in patients with spinal cord injury].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the related factors of upper urinary tract deterioration in spinal cord injured patients. METHODS: Medical records of spinal cord injured patients from Jan.2002 to Sep.2009 were retrospectively reviewed. All the patients were divided into the upper urinary tract deterioration group and non-deterioration group according to the diagnostic criteria. Indexes such as demographic characteristic (gender, age), spinal cord injury information (cause, level, completeness), statuses of urinary tract system (bladder management, urine routine, urine culture, ultrasound, serum creatinine, fever caused by urinary tract infection) and urodynamics information(bladder compliance, bladder stability, bladder sensation, detrusor sphincter dyssynergia, detrusor leak point pressure, maximum cystometric capacity, relative safe bladder capacity, maximum flow rate, maximum urethra closure pressure) were compared between the two groups.Then Logistic regression analysis were performed. RESULTS: There was significantly difference between the two groups in spinal cord injury level(χ(2) = 8.840, P = 0.031),bladder management(χ(2) = 11.362, P = 0.045), urinary rutine(χ(2) = 17.983, P = 0.000), fever caused by urinary tract infection(χ(2)= 64.472, P = 0.000), bladder compliance(χ(2) = 6.531, P = 0.011), bladder sensation(χ(2) = 11.505, P = 0.009), maximum cystometric capacity(t = 2.209, P = 0.043), and detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia(χ(2) = 4.247, P = 0.039). The multiple-factor non-conditional Logistic regression analysis showed that bladder management (OR = 1.114, P = 0.006), fever caused by urinary tract infection(OR = 1.018,P = 0.000), bladder compliance (OR = 1.588, P = 0.040) and detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia(OR = 1.023, P = 0.034) were the key factors of upper urinary tract deterioration in spinal cord injured patients. CONCLUSION: Urinary tract infection, lower bladder compliance, detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia and unreasonable bladder management are the risk factors of upper urinary tract deterioration in spinal cord injured patients.

Hypermethylation of the Gene Body in SRCIN1 Is Involved in Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation and Is a Potential Blood-Based Biomarker for Early Detection and a Poor Prognosis.

Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer mortality in women worldwide. Using the Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip, we analyzed plasma sample methylation to identify the SRCIN1 gene in breast cancer patients. We assessed SRCIN1-related roles and pathways for their biomarker potential. To verify the methylation status, quantitative methylation-specific PCR (qMSP) was performed on genomic DNA and circulating cell-free DNA samples, and mRNA expression analysis was performed using RT‒qPCR. The results were validated in a Western population; for this analysis, the samples included plasma samples from breast cancer patients from the USA and from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort. To study the SRCIN1 pathway, we conducted cell viability assays, gene manipulation and RNA sequencing. SRCIN1 hypermethylation was identified in 61.8% of breast cancer tissues from Taiwanese patients, exhibiting specificity to this malignancy. Furthermore, its presence correlated significantly with unfavorable 5-year overall survival outcomes. The levels of methylated SRCIN1 in the blood of patients from Taiwan and the USA correlated with the stage of breast cancer. The proportion of patients with high methylation levels increased from 0% in healthy individuals to 63.6% in Stage 0, 80% in Stage I and 82.6% in Stage II, with a sensitivity of 78.5%, an accuracy of 90.3% and a specificity of 100%. SRCIN1 hypermethylation was significantly correlated with increased SRCIN1 mRNA expression (p < 0.001). Knockdown of SRCIN1 decreased the viability of breast cancer cells. SRCIN1 silencing resulted in the downregulation of ESR1, BCL2 and various cyclin protein expressions. SRCIN1 hypermethylation in the blood may serve as a noninvasive biomarker, facilitating early detection and prognosis evaluation, and SRCIN1-targeted therapies could be used in combination regimens for breast cancer patients.

[Video-urodynamic characteristics and management in complete cervical and thoracic spinal cord injury patients].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the video-urodynamic characteristics and management in complete cervical and thoracic spinal cord injury patients. METHODS: Video-urodynamic examination was performed in 113 patients with complete cervical and thoracic spinal cord injury from January 2008 to May 2010. And their characteristics, managements and 3-year follow-up outcomes were reviewed and analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: Among them, there were detrusor overactivity (n = 82, 72.57%), detrusor areflexia (n = 31, 27.43%), detrusor external sphincter dyssynergia (n = 71, 62.83%), low-compliance (n = 59, 52.21%), reflux (n = 6, 5.31%) and ultrasonic uronephrosis (n = 12, 10.62%). According to the result of the video-urodynamic examination, detrusor overactivity patients chose oral anticholinergic agents, botulinum toxin type A injection method, detrusor areflexia patients chose regular intermittent catheterization for bladder training. During a 3-year follow-up, there were cystic calculus (n = 2) and urinary infection (n = 7).No special complication occurred. CONCLUSIONS: The video-urodynamic characteristics vary in complete cervical and thoracic spinal cord injury patients. The major symptoms include detrusor overactivity, detrusor external sphincter dyssynergia and low-compliance bladder. Proper management is essential for protecting upper urinary tract and preventing urinary system complication.

[Comparison of bowel function pre and post-sigmoid augmentation cystoplasty in spinal cord injury patients].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the changes of bowel function in spinal cord injury (SCI) patients undergoing sigmoid augmentation cystoplasty. METHODS: From September 2005 to January 2011, 30 SCI patients undergoing sigmoid augmentation cystoplasty were surveyed by follow-up questionnaires at Beijing Charity hospital and Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University. RESULTS: Among them, 18 cases (60.0%) believed their defecation became softer and 18 cases (60.0%) thought their defecation time became shorter. The postoperative profiles of patient defecation traits and defecation time were better (P < 0.05), especially traumatic SCI patients (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The subtotal resection of sigmoid colon improves the defecation of spinal cord injury patients. The SCI patients undergoing sigmoid augmentation cystoplasty may avoid urinary tract dysfunctions and improve bowel dysfunction.

Promoter hypomethylation and overexpression of TSTD1 mediate poor treatment response in breast cancer.

Epigenetic alterations play a pivotal role in cancer treatment outcomes. Using the methylation array data and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset, we observed the hypomethylation and upregulation of thiosulfate sulfurtransferase-like domain containing 1 (TSTD1) in patients with breast cancer. We examined paired tissues from Taiwanese patients and observed that 65.09% and 68.25% of patients exhibited TSTD1 hypomethylation and overexpression, respectively. A significant correlation was found between TSTD1 hypomethylation and overexpression in Taiwanese (74.2%, p = 0.040) and Western (88.0%, p < 0.001) cohorts. High expression of TSTD1 protein was observed in 68.8% of Taiwanese and Korean breast cancer patients. Overexpression of TSTD1 in tumors of breast cancer patients was significantly associated with poor 5-year overall survival (p = 0.021) and poor chemotherapy response (p = 0.008). T47D cells treated with TSTD1 siRNA exhibited lower proliferation than the control group, and transfection of TSTD1 in MDA-MB-231 induced the growth of MDA-MB-231 cells compared to the vector control. Additionally, overexpression of TSTD1 in MCF7 cells mediated a poor response to chemotherapy by epirubicin (p < 0.001) and docetaxel (p < 0.001) and hormone therapy by tamoxifen (p =0.025). Circulating cell-free hypomethylated TSTD1 was detected in plasma of Taiwanese breast cancer patients with disease progression and poor chemotherapy efficacy. Our results indicate that promoter hypomethylation and overexpression of TSTD1 in patients with breast cancer are potential biomarkers for poor 5-year overall survival and poor treatment response.

Automatic Detection of the Circulating Cell-Free Methylated DNA Pattern of GCM2, ITPRIPL1 and CCDC181 for Detection of Early Breast Cancer and Surgical Treatment Response.

The early detection of cancer can reduce cancer-related mortality. There is no clinically useful noninvasive biomarker for early detection of breast cancer. The aim of this study was to develop accurate and precise early detection biomarkers and a dynamic monitoring system following treatment. We analyzed a genome-wide methylation array in Taiwanese and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) breast cancer (BC) patients. Most breast cancer-specific circulating methylated CCDC181, GCM2 and ITPRIPL1 biomarkers were found in the plasma. An automatic analysis process of methylated ccfDNA was established. A combined analysis of CCDC181, GCM2 and ITPRIPL1 (CGIm) was performed in R using Recursive Partitioning and Regression Trees to establish a new prediction model. Combined analysis of CCDC181, GCM2 and ITPRIPL1 (CGIm) was found to have a sensitivity level of 97% and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.955 in the training set, and a sensitivity level of 100% and an AUC of 0.961 in the test set. The circulating methylated CCDC181, GCM2 and ITPRIPL1 was also significantly decreased after surgery (all p < 0.001). The aberrant methylation patterns of the CCDC181, GCM2 and ITPRIPL1 genes means that they are potential biomarkers for the detection of early BC and can be combined with breast imaging data to achieve higher accuracy, sensitivity and specificity, facilitating breast cancer detection. They may also be applied to monitor the surgical treatment response.

Endoscopy-Assisted Total Mastectomy with and without Immediate Reconstruction: An Extended Follow-Up, Multicenter Study.

BACKGROUND: Endoscopy-assisted total mastectomy has been used for surgical intervention of breast cancer patients; however, large cohort studies with long-term follow-up data are lacking. METHODS: Breast cancer patients who underwent endoscopy-assisted total mastectomy from May of 2009 to March of 2018 were collected prospectively from multiple centers. Clinical outcome, impact of different phases, oncologic results, and patient-reported aesthetic outcomes of endoscopy-assisted total mastectomy were reported. RESULTS: A total of 436 endoscopy-assisted total mastectomy procedures were performed; 355 (81.4 percent) were nipple-sparing mastectomy, and 81 (18.6 percent) were skin-sparing mastectomy. Three hundred fourteen (75.4 percent) of the procedures were associated with immediate breast reconstruction; 255 were prosthesis based and 59 were associated with autologous flaps. The positive surgical margin rate for endoscopy-assisted total mastectomy was 2.1 percent. In morbidity evaluation, there were 19 cases (5.4 percent) with partial nipple necrosis, two cases (0.6 percent) with total nipple necrosis, and three cases (0.7 percent) with implant loss. Compared with the early phase, surgeons operating on patients in the middle or late phase had significantly decreased operation time and blood loss. With regard to patient-reported cosmetic outcomes, approximately 94.4 percent were satisfied with the aesthetic results. Patients who underwent breast reconstruction with preservation of the nipple had higher satisfaction rates. Over a median follow-up of 54.1 ± 22.4 months, there were 14 cases of locoregional recurrence (3.2 percent), three distant metastases (0.7 percent), and one mortality (0.2 percent). CONCLUSION: This multicenter study showed that endoscopy-assisted total mastectomy is a reliable surgical intervention for early breast cancer, with high patient satisfaction. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, IV.

[Clinical observation of holmium laser enucleation of the prostate in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia and overactive bladder].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate clinical efficacy of holmium laser enucleation of the prostate in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and overactive bladder (OAB). METHODS: From May 2007 to May 2010, a total of 37 patients diagnosed BPH and OAB were treated by holmium laser enucleation of the prostate. After a mean follow-up of 4.9 months postoperatively, indices such as International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), quality of life (QOL) score, maximum flow rate (Qmax), residual urine volume and video urodynamics were monitored and statistically analyzed. RESULTS: The mean preoperative IPSS and QOL score were 29.6 ± 5.2 and 4.3 ± 0.9, and decreased to 4.6 ± 1.2 and 1.2 ± 1.0 postoperative. The mean Qmax was (6 ± 3) ml/s preoperative and increased to (21 ± 5) ml/s postoperative. Preoperative average residual urine volume was (167 ± 11) ml, decreased to (41 ± 18) ml after operation. During follow-up, 86.5% patients' symptoms and quality of life improved continuously, however 13.5% patients existed residual postoperative OAB symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: When BPH with OAB patients exist bladder outlet obstruction, bladder outlet obstruction should be relieved first then OAB symptoms can be relieved in majority of patients, but some patients have residual symptoms.

Clinical outcomes of sacral neuromodulation in non-neurogenic, non-obstructive dysuria: A 5-year retrospective, multicentre study in China.

BACKGROUND: Management of non-neurogenic, non-obstructive dysuria represents one of the most challenging dilemmas in urological practice. The main clinical symptom is the increase in residual urine. Voiding dysfunction is the main cause of dysuria or urinary retention, mainly due to the decrease in bladder contraction (the decrease in contraction amplitude or duration) or the increase in outflow tract resistance. Sacral neuromodulation (SNM) has been used for > 10 years to treat many kinds of lower urinary tract dysfunction. It has become increasingly popular in China in recent years. Consequently, studies focusing on non-neurogenic, non-obstructive dysuria patients treated by SNM are highly desirable. AIM: To assess the outcome of two-stage SNM in non-neurogenic, non-obstructive dysuria. METHODS: Clinical data of 54 patients (26 men, 28 women) with non-neurogenic, non-obstructive dysuria treated by SNM from January 2012 to December 2016 in ten medical centers in China were retrospectively analyzed. All patients received two or more conservative treatments. The voiding diary, urgency score, and quality of life score before operation, after implantation of tined lead in stage I (test period), and during short-term follow-up (latest follow-up) after implantation of the implanted pulse generator in stage II were compared to observe symptom improvements. RESULTS: Among the 54 study patients, eight refused to implant an implanted pulse generator because of the unsatisfactory effect, and 46 chose to embed the implanted pulse generator at the end of stage I. The conversion rate of stage I to stage II was 85.2%. The average follow-up time was 18.6 mo. There were significant differences between baseline (before stage I) and the test period (after stage I) in residual urine, voiding frequency, average voiding amount, maximum voiding amount, nocturia, urgency score, and quality of life score. The residual urine and urgency score between the test period and the latest follow-up time (after stage II) were also significantly different. No significant differences were observed for other parameters. No wound infection, electrode breakage, or other irreversible adverse events occurred. CONCLUSION: SNM is effective for patients with non-neurogenic, non-obstructive dysuria showing a poor response to traditional treatment. The duration of continuous stimulation may be positively correlated with the improvement of residual urine.

[Comparison study of pelvic floor muscle tension and neuropeptide level in different level of spinal cord injury].

OBJECTIVE: To find more evidence for mechanism and treatment of pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD), we observed muscle tension and neuropeptide of pelvic floor muscle in rats after spinal cord injury (SCI). METHODS: 30 SD adult female rats were randomly divided into suprasacral cord injury group (SS), spinal cord injury at or below the sacral level group (SC) and normal group; 4 weeks after transection of spinal cord, muscle tension including compliance and excitability, and neuropeptide were observed. RESULTS: Compliances in SC group, SS group and normal group were (16.23 +/- 4.46) g, (13.44 +/- 4.15) g and (14.46 +/- 5.61) g respectively, there were no difference among them (P > 0.05), but their excitability under best initial length were (0.35 +/- 0.19) g, (2.80 +/- 2.12) g and (7.75 +/- 2.98) g according to SC, SS and normal group, excitability under prolonged length were (2.61 +/- 0.73) g, (4.67 +/- 1.16) g, (14.86 +/- 3.79) g respectively. SC and SS group were both lower than normal group (P < 0.05), meanwhile SC group was much lower than SS group (P < 0.05); neuropeptide Y and vasoactive intestinal peptide in SS and SC group were significant lower than normal group, and these two neuropeptides in SC were much lower than SS group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Muscular excitability and neuropeptide in pelvic floor muscle are decreased obviously at both below and above sacral cord injury, SCI below sacral cord makes much lower level excitability and neuropeptide. The abnormality in pelvic floor muscle after SCI should be emphasized.

[Neuromodulation for treatment for neurogenic bowel dysfunction].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the efficacy of neuromodulation (including sacral neuromodulation and dorsal penile/clitoral nerve neuromodulation) for the treatment to neurogenic bowel dysfunction due to spinal cord injury. METHODS: From January 2006 to April 2008, 9 patients with neurogenic constipation after spinal cord injury underwent the therapy of neuromodulation, 1 patient underwent the therapy of sacral neuromodulation, 8 patients underwent the therapy of dorsal penile/clitoral nerve neuromodulation. The therapeutic efficacy was evaluated and followed up by means of Wexner constipation score. RESULTS: One patient received permanent electrode and neurostimulator implantation and constipation were improved continuously. A significant improvement in the Wexner constipation score was observed compared with the preoperative baseline level (preoperative baseline: median 22; after implantation: median 9). Four patients were effective after the therapy of dorsal penile/clitoral nerve neuromodulation. Wexner constipation score decrease from 19 to 11 after 12 weeks dorsal penile/clitoral nerve neuromodulation. Patients also showed a significant improvement in their symptoms and quality of life during follow up. CONCLUSIONS: Sacral neuromodulation and dorsal penile/clitoral nerve neuromodulation may be effective for some neurogenic constipation. However there are no methods successfully identify the candidate who will be beneficial before the procedure. Good quality research data are needed to evaluate the effects of sacral neuromodulation and dorsal penile/clitoral nerve neuromodulation for these conditions.

Application of Internet+-based Tsinghua PINS Remote Tech to improve sacral neuromodulation programming procedure.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the feasibility and safety of the Tsinghua PINS Remote Tech to facilitate sacral neuromodulation programming procedure. METHOD: For 22 patients who had previously participated in the phase III clinical trial for treating overactive bladder with the Tsinghua PINS sacral neuromodulation system during several Hospital, PINS Remote Tech was applied to perform postoperative parameter adjustment in order to evaluate the safety and reliability of this new technique. Telephone surveys on Remote Tech-related questionnaires were also conducted. RESULTS: 17/22 patients underwent 26 parameter adjustments, average adjustment frequency was 1.53 times per person; the average adjustment time was 23.4 ± 5.1 min (15-32 min). The total effective rate of the Remote control was 14/17 (82.3%). 7/17 (41.1%) patients' symptoms recurrence due to not knowing how to handle patient controller, these patients were instructed on how to use it correctly through Remote Tech even without reprogramming it. Other 10 patients received reprogramming. There was no discomfort during and after parameter adjustment. The questionnaire survey showed that the remote technology saved patients' time and lowered financial costs, significantly improved patient satisfaction. All patients expressed their willingness to recommend it to other patients. CONCLUSION: The PINS Remote Tech can significantly reduce the financial cost and provide a remote reprogram control service that is as safe and reliable as outpatient program control.

[Urodynamic analysis of the chronic impairment of cauda equina caused by lumbar disk herniation].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the urodynamic characteristics of the chronic impairment of cauda equina caused by lumbar disk herniation. METHODS: Clinical data and urodynamic parameters of 67 male patients with lumbar disk herniation were retrospectively analyzed. Lower urinary obstruction was excluded from the cohort using the Lin-PURR analysis. Patients were divided into group A (normal detrusor function), group B (detrusor underactivity) and group C (detrusor areflexia) according to the detrusor contraction function analyzed in Lin-PURR. Clinical data and urodynamic parameters were analyzed statistically between these groups. RESULTS: The category of the detrusor contraction function had a significant effect on the urodynamic parameters. There were significant differences in the maximum flow rate (Q(max)), maximum pressure (P(max)), pressure at the maximum flow (P(det Qmax)) and post-voiding residual urine (PVR) among group A, B and C. There were significant differences in the first sensation volume of the bladder and the maximum cystometric capacity between group A and C, B and C, but no significance was found between group A and B. There was no significant difference in age, disease duration, and compliance of the bladder among 3 groups. CONCLUSIONS: Urodynamic study is important in exploring the severity of the chronic impairment of cauda equina caused by lumbar disk herniation. Detrusor areflexia and loss of bladder sensory indicate more severe degree of impairment of the cauda equine. Q(max) and PVR are helpful in early diagnosis of the chronic impairment of cauda equina.

[Video-urodynamic studies on 1800 patients with neurogenic bladder].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the Video-urodynamic characteristics of various neurogenic bladder. METHODS: A total of 1800 patients with neurogenic bladder were included in our study from December 2002 to June 2008. All patients underwent Video-urodynamic studies. Urodynamic data was collected and analyzed. RESULTS: Urodynamic study showed detrusor overactivity in 71%, of which 60% with uninhibited sphincter relaxation, and acontractile detrusor in 29% stroke patients. No upper urinary tract deterioration was found in all 42 stroke patients. Detrusor overactivity without sphincter dyssynergia was found in 70% patients with head trauma. Seven patients with Parkinson disease showed detrusor overactivity, of which 3 with delayed sphincter relaxation. Detrusor overactivity was found in 91% and detrusor sphincter dyssynergia in 83% supra-sacral spinal cord injured patients. Acontractile detrusor was found in 73% patients with conus medullaris and cauda equina injury. Overall, upper urinary tract changes were found in 12% and vesicoureteral reflux in 4% spinal cord injured patients. Urodynamic study showed acontractile detrusor in 81%, reduced compliance in 86%, upper urinary tract changes in 55% and vesicoureteral reflux in 33% patients with myelodysplasia. Most patients (92%) with protruded lumbar disc showed detrusor areflexia. Normal bladder compliance was found in 88% patients with protruded lumbar disc. Urodynamic study showed reduced bladder sensation in 81% and detrusor under-activity in 76% patients with diabetic urinary bladder disease. CONCLUSIONS: Video-urodynamic study can provide the most detailed information about the bladder dysfunction. It is the most valuable examination before treatment of patients with neurogenic bladder.

[Chemical structural characterization of some components from essential oil of Rosa banksiae for estimation and prediction of their retention time].

The molecular electronegativity-distance vector (MEDV) was used to describe the chemical structural characterization of 46 components of essential oils in the flower of Rosa banksiae. Various multiple linear regression (MLR) models were created with variable screening by the stepwise multiple regression technique and statistics. The QSRR models of 10 and 6 variables were built by MLR with the correlation coefficients (R) of molecular modeling being 0.906 and 0.903. Cross-validation of the models, which contain selected vectors were performed by leave-one -out procedure (LOO) and the satisfied results with correlation coefficients (Rcv) of 0.904 and 0.903, respectively. The results showed that the models constructed can provide estimation stability and favorable predictive ability.

Clinical and urodynamic characteristics of underactive bladder: Data analysis of 1726 cases from a single center.

There have no universally accepted criteria and have been established for classification of underactive bladder (UAB) at present. Thus, the study described the comprehensive clinical and urodynamic characteristics of UAB in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms.A total of 1726 patients (1259 men and 467 women; 6-88 years old) who were admitted to our center with a diagnosis of UAB were included in this retrospective study. It was due to the type of rehabilitation hospital, so higher percentage of neurological patients were included. The demographics, clinical characteristics, and urodynamic recordings were reviewed. The clinical characteristics and urodynamic findings of UAB were further classified.For the etiologic analysis, UAB with aging and without clear causes accounted for 11.5% of cases (199/1726), UAB with bladder outflow obstruction accounted for 2.6% (45/1726), and UAB acting on the nerve pathway of the voiding reflex accounted for 84.6% (1460/1726). There were a number of cases (1.3% [22/1726]) which had >2 factors assigned. For studies involving urodynamic findings and clinical symptoms, the percentage of patients with detrusor hyperreflexia with impaired contractility (DHIC), detrusor underactivity (DU), and acontractile detrusor (AcD) was 0.7%, 5.6%, and 93.7%, respectively.UAB can be classified into 4 types based on possible etiologic mechanisms (idiopathic, myogenic, neurogenic, and integrative). Based on urodynamic findings and symptoms, UAB can be classified into 3 types (DU, AcD, and DHIC). The classification of UAB can provide a reasonable basis for the future research.

Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies on interaction between bladder compliance and outflow obstruction in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia.

AIM: To explore the interaction between bladder compliance (BC) and bladder outflow obstruction (BOO) in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) using cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. METHODS: A total of 181 men with BPH were recruited, and 100 of them were followed for one year. Cystometry was performed in a standing or a sitting position with 30 mL/min infusion. BC was manually corrected and defined. Obstruction coefficient (OCO), linear passive urethral resistance relation and international continence society (ICS) nomogram were used to diagnose BOO. The obstructed parameters were compared between the reduced BC group and the non-reduced group. BC was compared between the first investigation at the beginning of study and the second investigation at the end of study during the one-year follow-up period. RESULTS: The group with reduced BC had increased OCO and linear passive urethral resistance relation. BC was significantly lower in the obstructed group (55.7 mL/cm water) than that in unobstructed and equivocal one (74.9 mL/cm water, P <0.01). BC gradually reduced with the increased obstructed grade. There was a significantly weak negative correlation between BC and OCO (r = -0.132, P < 0.01). Over the one-year follow-up period in the longitudinal study, BC for all men changed from 54.4 to 48.8 mL/cm water (P >0.05), and BC for the group with BOO fell from 58.4 +/- 70.1 to 46.5 +/- 38.7 mL/cm water (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: In men with BPH, a significant systematic decrease occurred in BC in the obstructed group and a significant systematic increase with urethral resistance occurred in the low BC group. A longitudinal study of the tendency of BC reduction in a group with BOO is necessary in the future.

Effects of retrospective quality control on pressure-flow data with computer-based urodynamic systems from men with benign prostatic hyperplasia.

AIM: To evaluate the effects of retrospective quality control on pressure-flow data with computer-based urodynamic systems from men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). METHODS: A total of 582 traces of pressure-flow study from 181 men with BPH was included in the study. For each trace, maximum urinary flow rate (Q(max)) and detrusor pressure at Q(max) (p(det.Qmax)) were, respectively, read from manually smoothed and corrected uroflow and detrusor pressure curves from the computer print-outs. Obstruction coefficient, International Continence Society (ICS) and Schaefer nomograms were used to detect urethral resistance and to diagnose obstruction. The results obtained by manual reading were compared with those from computer-based systems. RESULTS: After manual correction, Q(max) underwent a consistently significant decrease by 1.2 mL/s on average (P < 0.001), and had a change range of 0.5-10.4 mL/s. However, p(det.Qmax) underwent inconsistently intra-individual changes after correction. The obstruction coefficient increased significantly, by an average of 0.07 (P < 0.05). Using the ICS nomogram, the percentage of obstruction increased from 69.8% to 73.9%, and of the non-obstruction decreased from 8.8% to 5.3% (P < 0.05). There were 11% of traces that changed the classifications using the ICS nomogram, and 28.9% that changed the grades for the Schaefer nomogram. CONCLUSION: Systematically significant differences in parameters from pressure-flow study between manual readings and computer recordings were demonstrated. Manual correction resulted in a consistently lower Q(max), a higher urethral resistance, and an aggravating obstruction. Manual readings can correct considerable false diagnoses for obstruction. Retrospective quality control of pressure-flow data with computer-based systems is necessary.

Correction: The learning curve of endoscopic total mastectomy in Taiwan: A multi-center study.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178251.].