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1.
Pediatr Cardiol ; 38(1): 176-183, 2017 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27844091

RESUMEN

Surgical site infections (SSI) increase length of stay, morbidity, mortality and cost of hospitalization. Staphylococcus aureus (SA) carriage is a known risk factor of SSI in adults, but its role in pediatrics remains uncertain. The main objective of this pilot prospective monocentric cohort study was to describe the prevalence of SA colonization in children under 1 year old before cardiac surgery. The secondary objectives were to compare the incidence of SSI and other nosocomial infections (NI) between preoperative carriers and non-carriers. From May 2012 to November 2013, all children <1 year old undergoing cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass underwent preoperative methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and methicillin-sensitive SA (MSSA) screening using real-time PCR. The only exclusion criterion was invalid PCR. All patients were followed up to 1 year after the surgery regarding SSI and other nosocomial infections. Among the 68 studied patients, SA colonization prevalence was 26.5%, comprising 23.5% MSSA and 2.9% MRSA. There was no significant difference between colonized and non-colonized children regarding SSI rate (16.7 vs 20%; p = 0.53), but ventilator-associated pneumonia rate was significantly higher among the SA carriers (22.2 vs 2%; p < 0.05). The colonization rate was different depending on the age of the patients (p < 0.05). This pilot study highlights that colonization with MSSA is frequent whereas MRSA prevalence is low in our population. In this cohort, there was no association between SA colonization and SSI incidence but further studies are needed to analyze this association.


Asunto(s)
Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Cardíacos/efectos adversos , Portador Sano/epidemiología , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/epidemiología , Infección de la Herida Quirúrgica/epidemiología , Antibacterianos/administración & dosificación , Portador Sano/microbiología , Estudios de Cohortes , Infección Hospitalaria/epidemiología , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Incidencia , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Tamizaje Masivo/métodos , Proyectos Piloto , Prevalencia , Estudios Prospectivos , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa , Factores de Riesgo , Staphylococcus aureus/genética
2.
Arch Pediatr ; 29(8): 554-559, 2022 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36210238

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: In pediatric intensive care units (PICUs), parents and healthcare professionals attend to children who verbally and non-verbally express their pain and suffering, fears, anxieties, desires, and wishes in complex intensive care situations. What can we learn from these experiences to improve the way we can take care of and support children? OBJECTIVES: The main objective of this clinical ethics study was to focus on the experience stories of parents during their child's hospitalization in a PICU, to analyze their discourse, and to propose an ethical perspective. METHOD: The current research collects the experience reports of parents during their child's hospitalization in a PICU and those of the caregivers who treated them. A total of 17 semi-directive interviews were conducted in the PICU of the Nantes University Hospital from November 2017 to June 2019. Each interview lasted around 1 h. The main results of our study are analyzed and informed by the four ethical principles of T. Beauchamp and J. Childress: autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice. RESULTS: The interviews highlighted the difficulties encountered by parents during the hospitalization of their children, such as the distance between their home and the hospital, the technicality of PICU environment, and the difficulty in finding their place as parents. For medical and paramedical teams, their main concerns are undoubtedly to improve the coherence and continuity of their stand toward parents, to promote parental autonomy, and to remain fully aware of the profound existential changes that the child's illness brings about for parents: It is the caregivers' duty to take this into account and to respect the parents' rhythm as much as possible. CONCLUSIONS: The main disagreements between healthcare teams and parents, where they exist, are communication problems that are easily controlled, for the most part, by caregivers.


Asunto(s)
Cuidadores , Unidades de Cuidado Intensivo Pediátrico , Niño , Humanos , Padres , Investigación Cualitativa , Personal de Salud
3.
Arch Pediatr ; 28(3): 252-254, 2021 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33495076

RESUMEN

An 11-year-old girl experienced an episode of near-drowning. She was immediately rescued and was defibrillated. Transthoracic echocardiography and coronary computed tomographic angiography confirmed the diagnosis of anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA). We report a rare description of this congenital coronary anomaly in a child, revealed after exercise-induced sudden cardiac arrest while swimming.


Asunto(s)
Síndrome de Bland White Garland/diagnóstico por imagen , Angiografía por Tomografía Computarizada , Angiografía Coronaria , Ecocardiografía , Paro Cardíaco/etiología , Ahogamiento Inminente/etiología , Síndrome de Bland White Garland/complicaciones , Niño , Vasos Coronarios/diagnóstico por imagen , Femenino , Humanos , Arteria Pulmonar/anomalías , Arteria Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagen , Natación
4.
Arch Pediatr ; 22(1): 39-42, 2015 Jan.
Artículo en Francés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25282459

RESUMEN

Drowning in sea water is an unusual cause of severe hypernatremia. We report the case of a 3.5-year-old boy who died 11h after drowning in sea water, with a serum sodium level of 178 mmoL/L. In this case, hypernatremia was aggravated by diarrhea and hyperglycemia with glycosuria. Usually, correction of acute hypernatremia must be quick and early, aiming at a reduction of serum sodium concentration of up to 1-2 mmoL per liter per hour.


Asunto(s)
Hipernatremia/etiología , Ahogamiento Inminente/complicaciones , Agua de Mar/efectos adversos , Muerte Encefálica , Preescolar , Resultado Fatal , Humanos , Masculino , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad
5.
Am J Clin Nutr ; 69(3): 539-43, 1999 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10075342

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Although medium-chain triacylglycerols (MCTs) may be utilized more efficiently than long-chain triacylglycerols (LCTs), their effect on protein metabolism remains controversial. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to compare the effects of mixed MCT-LCT and pure LCT emulsions on leucine metabolism in preterm infants. DESIGN: Fourteen preterm [gestational age: 30+/-1 wk; birth weight: 1409+/-78 g (x +/- SE)] neonates were randomly assigned to receive, from the first day of life, either a 50:50 MCT-LCT (mixed MCT group; n = 7) or an LCT (LCT group; n = 7) lipid emulsion as part of an isonitrogenous, isoenergetic total parenteral nutrition program. On the fourth day, infants received intravenous feeding providing 3 g lipid, 15 g glucose, and 3 g amino acids kg(-1) x d(-1) and underwent 1) indirect calorimetry and 2) a primed, 2-h infusion of H13CO3Na to assess the recovery of 13C in breath, immediately followed by 3) a 3-h infusion of L-[1-13C]leucine. RESULTS: The respiratory quotient tended to be slightly but not significantly higher in the mixed MCT than in the LCT group (0.96+/-0.06 compared with 0.93+/-0.03). We did not detect a significant difference between the mixed MCT and LCT groups with regard to release of leucine from protein breakdown (B; 309+/-40 compared with 257+/-46 micromol x kg(-1) x h(-1)) and nonoxidative leucine disposal (NOLD; 296+/-36 compared with 285+/-49 micromol x kg(-1) x h(-1)). In contrast, leucine oxidation was greater in the mixed MCT than in the LCT group (113+/-10 compared with 67+/-10 micromol x kg(-1) x h(-1); P = 0.007). Net leucine balance (NOLD - B) was less positive in the mixed MCT than in the LCT group (-14+/-9 compared with 28+/-10 micromol x kg(-1) x h(-1); P = 0.011). CONCLUSION: Mixed MCTs may not be as effective as LCT-containing emulsions in promoting protein accretion in parenterally fed preterm neonates.


Asunto(s)
Alimentos Infantiles , Recien Nacido Prematuro/metabolismo , Leucina/metabolismo , Nutrición Parenteral , Triglicéridos/administración & dosificación , Bicarbonatos/aislamiento & purificación , Bicarbonatos/metabolismo , Peso al Nacer , Pruebas Respiratorias , Método Doble Ciego , Emulsiones , Edad Gestacional , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Leucina/sangre
6.
Arch Pediatr ; 9(5): 506-10, 2002 May.
Artículo en Francés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12053546

RESUMEN

UNLABELLED: Refractory hypoxemia in the newborn requires an accurate diagnostic investigation for an optimal and prompt management. CASE REPORT: After a short delivery, a post-term newborn developed a severe hypoxemia with patchy pulmonary alveolar opacities and systolic right-to-left extrapulmonary shunting through the ductus arteriosus. Echocardiography ruled out a cardiac malformation and showed dilated left atrium with left-to-right shunting by the ovale foramen due to left ventricular dysfunction. Inotropic support associated with mechanical ventilation allowed a rapid improvement. CONCLUSION: A pathophysiological analysis is needed in case of severe neonatal hypoxemia. Doppler ultrasound is a non invasive and rapid method allowing the adjustment of the therapeutic strategy.


Asunto(s)
Hipoxia/etiología , Disfunción Ventricular Izquierda/complicaciones , Cardiotónicos/uso terapéutico , Dobutamina/uso terapéutico , Ecocardiografía Doppler , Femenino , Humanos , Hipoxia/terapia , Recién Nacido , Enfermedades Pulmonares/etiología , Alveolos Pulmonares/irrigación sanguínea , Respiración Artificial/métodos
7.
Arch Pediatr ; 4(6): 547-9, 1997 Jun.
Artículo en Francés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9239271

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Acute respiratory distress occurring in a child without any past medical history can have different origins. Pulmonary edema can be lesional or hemodynamic in origin. Bronchoalveolar lavage often allows indication of the type of lesional oedema. CASE REPORT: A 13-year old child was hospitalized for acute respiratory distress 24 hours after knee surgery complicated by a fracture of the tibial metaphysis. There were no clinical manifestations of airway obstruction. Chest X-ray showed pulmonary parenchymous pathology. Pulmonary edema secondary to congestive heart failure was eliminated by doppler echocardiogram. The cause of lesional pulmonary edema was found with bronchoalveolar lavage that showed fat drops in the cytoplasm of many alveolar macrophages. CONCLUSION: Fat embolism syndrome may be confirmed by examination of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.


Asunto(s)
Embolia Grasa/complicaciones , Síndrome de Dificultad Respiratoria del Recién Nacido/etiología , Enfermedad Aguda , Adolescente , Líquido del Lavado Bronquioalveolar , Embolia Grasa/diagnóstico , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Masculino
8.
Arch Pediatr ; 7(1): 40-4, 2000 Jan.
Artículo en Francés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10668084

RESUMEN

UNLABELLED: Neonatal hemochromatosis is characterized by abnormal hepatic and extrahepatic iron overload, which spares the reticuloendothelial system. In neonates, hemochromatosis results in an acute and frequently lethal liver failure. CASE REPORTS: We report five cases of neonatal hemochromatosis which demonstrate various aspects of this disorder and underline the complexity of both the diagnosis and treatment. Case 3 had an extremely low arterial pressure, a presentation not yet described. CONCLUSION: Neonatal hemochromatosis should be suspected in the presence of cholestasis with liver failure of perinatal onset and with high blood level ferritin. Abdominal nuclear magnetic resonance and/or liver biopsy can confirm neonatal hemochromatosis. For one of our patients, a medical treatment allowed us to perform a liver transplantation.


Asunto(s)
Hemocromatosis/patología , Enfermedades del Recién Nacido/patología , Trasplante de Hígado , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Femenino , Hemocromatosis/diagnóstico , Hemocromatosis/terapia , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Enfermedades del Recién Nacido/diagnóstico , Enfermedades del Recién Nacido/terapia , Hierro/sangre , Fallo Hepático/etiología , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino
9.
Arch Pediatr ; 5(1): 27-30, 1998 Jan.
Artículo en Francés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10223108

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Refractory hypoxemia in the newborn requires a precise diagnostic investigation for optimal and fast management. CASE REPORT: A full term newborn presented with refractory hypoxemia associated with radiologically clear lung fields and extrapulmonary shunt. Echocardiography ruled out a cardiac malformation. The persistence of hypoxemia despite treatment of the extrapulmonary shunt and the absence of parenchymatous pulmonary disease led to suspect misaligned lung vessels with alveolar capillary dysplasia. This diagnosis was confirmed by post mortem microscopic examination of the lung. CONCLUSION: The diagnosis of misaligned lung vessels with alveolar capillary dysplasia can be suspected on clinical features. The disposition of pulmonary veins must be checked to recognize this disease in case of neonatal death with pulmonary hypertension.


Asunto(s)
Capilares/patología , Hipoxia/etiología , Alveolos Pulmonares/irrigación sanguínea , Venas Pulmonares/anomalías , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Hipoxia/diagnóstico , Recién Nacido , Pulmón/patología , Masculino , Venas Pulmonares/patología
15.
Eur Respir J ; 10(11): 2583-5, 1997 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9426099

RESUMEN

Newborn infants may have a high oxygen cost of breathing (OCB) at the time of being weaned from mechanical ventilation. We hypothesized that this increase in oxygen consumption (V'O2) could be reduced by using certain weaning ventilatory modes. We designed a study to assess V'O2 during three weaning ventilatory modes: patient triggered ventilation, synchronous intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV) and continuous positive airway pressure in 16 newborn infants before being weaned from mechanical ventilation In seven infants whose OCB was high. V'O2 was not significantly different between CV and PTV (8.9+/-0.6 versus 9.5+/-0.8, respectively) whereas it tended to increase to 10.8+/-1.1 mL x min(-1) x kg(-1) during SIMV and increased significantly to 11.9+/-0.8 mL x min(-1) x kg(-1). In the other nine infants whose OCB was normal, no significant variation of V'O2 was observed. Patient triggered ventilation was a weaning ventilatory mode that significantly reduced the increase in oxygen consumption observed in infants with a high oxygen cost of breathing, as compared to synchronous intermittent mandatory ventilation or continuous positive airway pressure. Further investigations in newborn infants with a high oxygen cost of breathing should be performed prior to routine use of patient triggered ventilation.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Pulmonares/terapia , Consumo de Oxígeno , Respiración Artificial , Síndrome de Dificultad Respiratoria del Recién Nacido/terapia , Desconexión del Ventilador , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Enfermedades Pulmonares/fisiopatología , Estudios Prospectivos , Respiración Artificial/métodos , Síndrome de Dificultad Respiratoria del Recién Nacido/fisiopatología , Trabajo Respiratorio
16.
Prenat Diagn ; 23(12): 981-4, 2003 Dec 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14663834

RESUMEN

We report the prenatal diagnosis of a fetus with sacrococcygeal teratoma and facial dysmorphism attributed to a constitutional terminal deletion of chromosome 7q and partial trisomy of chromosome 2p likely resulting from a de novo balanced translocation. The cytogenetic abnormality was diagnosed prenatally after sonographic detection of teratoma and confirmed on peripheral blood cells at birth. The newborn died of post-operative complications at seven days of age. FISH analysis demonstrated haploinsufficiency of HLXB9, a gene identified in the triad of a presacral mass (teratoma or anterior meningocele), sacral agenesis, and anorectal malformation, which constitutes the Currarino syndrome. Despite the absence of other features of the triad, the teratoma observed in the fetus we describe might represent a partial form of Currarino syndrome.


Asunto(s)
Cara/anomalías , Diagnóstico Prenatal , Teratoma/diagnóstico , Anomalías Múltiples/diagnóstico , Anomalías Múltiples/embriología , Anomalías Múltiples/genética , Adulto , Aberraciones Cromosómicas/embriología , Cromosomas Humanos Par 7 , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Resultado Fatal , Femenino , Pruebas Genéticas , Humanos , Hibridación Fluorescente in Situ , Embarazo , Segundo Trimestre del Embarazo , Región Sacrococcígea , Teratoma/embriología , Teratoma/genética
17.
Pediatrics ; 107(2): 363-72, 2001 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11158471

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Early use of high-frequency ventilation and exogenous surfactant is proposed as the optimal mode of ventilatory support in infants with respiratory distress syndrome. In very premature infants, we tested the hypothesis that high-frequency versus conventional ventilation could decrease exogenous surfactant requirements and improve pulmonary outcome, without altering the complication rate, including that of severe intraventricular hemorrhage. METHODS: Preterm infants with a postmenstrual age of 24 to 29 weeks, presenting with respiratory distress syndrome were randomly assigned to high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (lung volume recruitment strategy) or conventional ventilation. RESULTS: Two hundred seventy-three infants were enrolled. One hundred fifty-three had a postmenstrual age of 24 to 27 weeks, and 143 had a birth weight /=2 instillations of exogenous surfactant (30% vs 62%; odds ratio:.27; 95% confidence interval:.16-.44) and no difference in pulmonary outcome. The incidence of severe intraventricular hemorrhage was 24% in the high-frequency group and 14% in the conventional ventilation group (adjusted odds ratio: 1.50; 95% confidence interval:.68-3.30). CONCLUSION: Early use of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation in very premature infants decreases exogenous surfactant requirements, does not improve the pulmonary outcome, and may be associated with an increased incidence of severe intraventricular hemorrhage.


Asunto(s)
Ventilación de Alta Frecuencia , Respiración Artificial , Síndrome de Dificultad Respiratoria del Recién Nacido/terapia , Displasia Broncopulmonar/epidemiología , Hemorragia Cerebral/epidemiología , Hemorragia Cerebral/etiología , Femenino , Ventilación de Alta Frecuencia/efectos adversos , Humanos , Incidencia , Recién Nacido , Recien Nacido Prematuro , Masculino , Terapia por Inhalación de Oxígeno , Estudios Prospectivos , Surfactantes Pulmonares/uso terapéutico , Resultado del Tratamiento
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