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BACKGROUND: Cumulative evidence suggests a correlation between physical or mental activity and the risk of stroke. However, the combined impact of these activities on stroke onset remains unexplored. This study identified physical and mental activity patterns using principal component analysis and investigated their associations with risk of incident stroke in the general population. METHODS: Our study was sourced from the UK Biobank cohort between 2006 and 2010. Information on physical and mental-related activities were obtained through a touch-screen questionnaire. The incident stroke was diagnosed by physicians and subsequently verified through linkage to Hospital Episode Statistics. Principal component analysis was used to identify potential physical and mental activity patterns. Cox proportional hazard regression models were performed to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs of incident stroke, adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS: The initial UK Biobank cohort originally consisted of 502â 411 individuals, of whom a total of 386â 902 participants (aged 38-79 years) without any history of stroke at baseline were included in our study. During a median follow-up of 7.7 years, 6983 (1.8%) cases of stroke were documented. The mean age of the included participants was 55.9 years, and the proportion of women was 55.1%. We found that multiple individual items related to physical and mental activity showed significant associations with risk of stroke. We identified 4 patterns of physical activity and 3 patterns of mental activity using principal component analysis. The adherence to activity patterns of vigorous exercise, housework, and walking predominant patterns were associated with a lower risk of stroke by 17% (HR, 0.83 [95% CI, 0.78-0.89]; 20% (HR, 0.80 [95% CI, 0.75-0.85]; and 20% (HR, 0.80 [95% CI, 0.75-0.86), respectively. Additionally, the transportation predominant pattern (HR, 1.36 [95% CI, 1.28-1.45) and watching TV pattern (HR, 1.43 [95% CI, 1.33-1.53) were found to be significantly associated with a higher risk of stroke. These associations remained consistent across all subtypes of stroke. CONCLUSIONS: Activity patterns mainly related to frequent vigorous exercise, housework, and walking were associated with lower risks of stroke and all its subtypes. Our findings provide new insights for promoting suitable patterns of physical and mental activity for primary prevention of stroke.
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BACKGROUND & AIMS: Fatty liver disease has become the most prevalent chronic liver disease globally and is linked to cardiovascular disease, including arrhythmias. However, there have been inconsistent reports on the association between fatty liver disease and atrial fibrillation, while the role of liver stiffness in this association remains unclear. METHODS: Within the Rotterdam Study, a large prospective ongoing cohort, participants attending the abdominal ultrasound program between 2009-2014 were included. Exclusion criteria were no atrial fibrillation data or >20% missing data across analysis variables. Steatosis was assessed by ultrasound, liver stiffness by transient elastography and atrial fibrillation by 12-lead electrocardiograms. Incident atrial fibrillation was based on medical records and complete until 2014. Logistic and Cox-regression were used to quantify associations between fatty liver disease and atrial fibrillation. RESULTS: We included 5,825 participants (aged 69.5±9.1, 42.9% male), 35.7% had steatosis, liver stiffness measurement was available in 73.3%, and 7.0% had prevalent atrial fibrillation. Steatosis was not associated with prevalent atrial fibrillation in fully adjusted models (odds ratio [OR] 0.80; 95% CI 0.62-1.03), findings were consistent for non-alcoholic or metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease. Liver stiffness was significantly associated with prevalent atrial fibrillation (OR 1.09 per kPa, 95% CI 1.03-1.16); however, this was only persistent among those without steatosis (OR 1.18 per kPa, 95% CI 1.08-1.29). Lastly, no associations were found between steatosis (hazard ratio 0.88; 95% CI 0.59-1.33; follow-up 2.1 [1.1-3.2] years) and incident atrial fibrillation. CONCLUSIONS: Fatty liver disease was not associated with prevalent or incident atrial fibrillation, while liver stiffness was significantly associated with atrial fibrillation, especially among those without steatosis. This association might be driven by venous congestion instead of fibrogenesis, but this awaits further validation. We recommend assessing cardiovascular health in participants with high liver stiffness, especially in the absence of overt liver disease. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: NTR6831. LAY SUMMARY: There have been inconsistent reports about the potential links between fatty liver disease and atrial fibrillation (an irregular and often very fast heart rhythm). Herein, we show that liver stiffness (which is a marker of liver fibrosis), but not fatty liver disease, was associated with a higher prevalence of atrial fibrillation. We hypothesis that atrial fibrillation, rather than fibrosis, may be the cause of increased liver stiffness in participants without overt liver disease.
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Fibrilación Atrial , Diagnóstico por Imagen de Elasticidad , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico , Fibrilación Atrial/complicaciones , Fibrilación Atrial/etiología , Femenino , Humanos , Cirrosis Hepática/complicaciones , Masculino , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico/complicaciones , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico/diagnóstico , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico/epidemiología , Estudios ProspectivosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Obesity is a well-established risk factor for atrial fibrillation (AF). Whether body fat depots differentially associate with AF development remains unknown. METHODS: In the prospective population-based Rotterdam Study, body composition was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and liver and epicardial fat using computed tomography (CT). A body composition score was constructed by adding tertile scores of each fat depot. Principal component analysis was conducted to identify potential body fat distribution patterns. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (HR; 95% CI) per 1-standard deviation increase in corresponding fat depots to enable comparisons. RESULTS: Over a median follow-up of 9.6 and 8.6 years, 395 (11.4%) and 172 (8.0%) AF cases were ascertained in the DXA and the CT analyses, respectively. After adjustments for cardiovascular risk factors, absolute fat mass (HR; 95% CI 1.33; 1.05-1.68), gynoid fat mass (HR; 95% CI 1.36; 1.12-1.65), epicardial fat mass (HR; 95% CI 1.27; 1.09-1.48), and android-to-gynoid fat ratio (HR; 95% CI 0.81; 0.70-0.94) were independently associated with new-onset AF. After further adjustment for lean mass, associations between fat mass (HR; 95% CI 1.17; 1.04-1.32), gynoid fat mass (HR; 95% CI 1.21; 1.08-1.37), and android-to-gynoid fat ratio (HR; 95% CI 0.84; 0.72-0.97) remained statistically significant. Larger body fat score was associated with a higher AF risk (HR; 95% CI 1.10; 1.02-1.20). Borderline significant association was found between a subcutaneous fat predominant pattern with AF onset (HR; 95% CI 1.21; 0.98-1.49). CONCLUSIONS: Various body fat depots were associated with new-onset AF. Total fat mass and gynoid fat mass were independently associated with AF after adjustment for body size. The inverse association between android-to-gynoid fat ratio with AF presents a novel finding. A significant dose-response relationship between body fat accumulation and AF was observed. Our results underscore the predominant role of subcutaneous fat on AF development among a middle-aged and elderly population. Associations betw2een body fat depots, fat distribution and new-onset atrial fibrillation. ABBREVIATIONS: AF, atrial fibrillation.
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Fibrilación Atrial , Tejido Adiposo/diagnóstico por imagen , Anciano , Fibrilación Atrial/diagnóstico por imagen , Fibrilación Atrial/epidemiología , Composición Corporal , Distribución de la Grasa Corporal , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios ProspectivosRESUMEN
We have developed a methodology for the greatly efficient construction of significant 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran scaffolds bearing a quaternary carbon center at the C2 position by means of [4 + 1] annulation reactions between p-quinone methides and α-aryl diazoacetates as C1 synthons through organocatalysis by readily accessible TfOH catalyst under mild and transition metal-free conditions. This metal-free protocol furnishes an operationally simple and swift process for the free assembly of diverse highly functionalized 2,3-dihydrobenzofurans and also features broad substrate scope, excellent functional group compatibility, and environmental friendliness. Mechanistic investigation suggested that the reaction undergoes a rapid cascade protonation/intermolecular Michael addition/intramolecular substitution process.
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Benzofuranos , Indolquinonas , CatálisisRESUMEN
A time-economical TfOH-catalyzed N-H insertion between anilines and α-alkyl and α-aryl-α-diazoacetates provides a straightforward approach to access unnatural α-amino esters, which readily undergo various transformations and can thus be used for the synthesis of pharmaceutically relevant molecules. The α-amino esters were obtained in moderate to excellent yields.
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Compuestos de Anilina , Ésteres , Catálisis , EstereoisomerismoRESUMEN
Aryl benzofuranones are privileged structural units present in natural products and pharmaceutically relevant compounds with high bioactivity and therapeutic value; synthetic access to these scaffolds remains an area of intensive interest. A new and efficient TfOH-catalyzed cascade ortho C-H activation/lactonization of phenols with α-aryl-α-diazoacetates is reported. This metal-free protocol provides an operationally simple and rapid method for the one-pot assembly of diverse α-aryl benzofuranones in high yields with broad substrate scope, a readily starting material, good chemo-regioselectivity, and excellent functional group compatibility.
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Background: Honey has been shown to have multiple positive effects on human health. However, data on the associations of honey consumption with prehypertension are scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate whether honey consumption is associated with prehypertension in a Chinese population. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 4,561 individuals aged ≥40 years. A validated 100-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to assess honey consumption. Blood pressure was measured at least twice by trained nurses. Multiple logistic regression models were used to explore the associations between honey consumption and prehypertension. Results: After adjustment for potential confounders, the odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of prehypertension across increasing frequency of honey consumption were 1.00 (reference) for almost never, 1.17 (0.96, 1.41) for ≤6 times/week, and 1.25 (0.86, 1.84) for ≥7 times/week in men (P for trend = 0.09); 1.00 (reference) for almost never, 0.76 (0.62, 0.92) for ≤6 times/week, and 0.84 (0.63, 1.12) for ≥7 times/week in women (P for trend = 0.055), respectively. Conclusion: Our results showed that light-to-moderate intake of honey was associated with lower prevalence of prehypertension in women, but not men. Future studies are required to confirm these associations.
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Miel , Prehipertensión , Presión Sanguínea/fisiología , China/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Conducta Alimentaria/fisiología , Femenino , Humanos , Hipertensión/epidemiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prehipertensión/diagnóstico , Prehipertensión/epidemiología , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo , Factores SexualesRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Handgrip strength (HGS) begins an accelerating decline around 50 years. Many of the studies performed in old adults have demonstrated a significant relationship between vitamin D and HGS, but the studies performed in participants with a broad age range have yielded conflicting results. The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between vitamin D and HGS using age 50 as a specific cut-off. DESIGN: Population-based, cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS: Totally 5102 participants (2911 males, 2191 females) from the TCLSIH Cohort. MEASUREMENTS: Serum concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was measured using an enzyme immunoassay. We divided participants into quartiles according to 25(OH)D, and the ranges for increasing quartiles were as follows: (males [≥50 years]: 10.94-31.85, 31.88-43.01, 43.20-56.06, 56.20-143.0; males [<50 years]: 11.11-34.68, 34.71-46.91, 46.96-59.45, 59.50-143.7; females [≥50 years]: 7.21-30.01, 30.02-40.18, 40.21-52.44, 52.49-275.4; females [<50 years]: 5.29-28.91, 28.92-40.19, 40.20-51.90, 51.91-140.2). HGS was measured with a hydraulic hand-held dynamometer. Analysis of covariance was employed to explore the relationship. RESULTS: Among males aged above 50 years, the means (95% confidence interval) for HGS per body weight across the categories of serum 25(OH)D concentration were 0.523 (0.430-0.638), 0.545 (0.447-0.664), 0.543 (0.446-0.661), 0.546 (0.449-0.664) (Ptrend < 0.01) after adjustment for potential confounding factors. However, no relationships were observed between serum 25(OH)D concentration and HGS in males aged below 50 years and females in the whole age range. CONCLUSIONS: Serum 25(OH)D concentration was significantly related to HGS in males aged above 50 years, independent of confounding factors. Future studies are needed to clarify the age and sex relationship between serum 25(OH)D concentration and HGS.
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Envejecimiento/fisiología , Fuerza de la Mano/fisiología , Vitamina D/análogos & derivados , Envejecimiento/sangre , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Vitamina D/sangreRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a combination of metabolic disorders that increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease, and inflammation is considered as a pathological basis for MetS. Immunoglobulins (Igs) are the major secretory products of the adaptive immune system. However, no large-scale population study has focused on a possible relationship between Igs and MetS. We designed a cross-sectional study to investigate the relationship between Igs and prevalence of MetS in a large-scale adult population. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 10,289 participants were recruited among residents in Tianjin, China. Metabolic syndrome was defined in accordance with the criteria of the American Heart Association scientific statements of 2009. Serum levels of Igs were determined by immunonephelometry. Multiple logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship between the quintiles of serum levels of Igs and the prevalence of MetS. The overall prevalence of MetS was 36.1%. The mean (standard deviation) values of Igs (IgG, IgE, IgM, and IgA) were 1205.7 (249.3) mg/dL, 93.1 (238.9) IU/mL, 105.7 (57.3) mg/dL, and 236.2 (97.6) mg/dL, respectively. The adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of MetS for the highest quintile of Igs (IgG, IgE, IgM, and IgA), when compared to the lowest quintile, were 0.81 (0.70, 0.95), 0.97 (0.83, 1.12), 1.13 (0.97, 1.33), and 1.52 (1.30, 1.77), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that decreased IgG and increased IgA are independently related to a higher prevalence of MetS. The results indicate that the Igs might be useful predictive factors for MetS in the general adult population.
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Inmunoglobulina A/sangre , Inmunoglobulina G/sangre , Síndrome Metabólico/sangre , Biomarcadores/sangre , China/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Síndrome Metabólico/epidemiología , Síndrome Metabólico/inmunología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prevalencia , Pronóstico , Estudios Prospectivos , Medición de Riesgo , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the associations of recreational screen time with risks of brain-related disorders (dementia, stroke, and Parkinson's disease) and neuroimaging features. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: A total of 407,792 participants from the UK Biobank who were free of dementia, stroke, or Parkinson's disease at enrollment (2006-2010). METHODS: TV viewing and time spent using the computer were self-reported at baseline. Among a subsample of 40,692 participants, neuroimaging features were measured by magnetic resonance imaging in 2014. Data were analyzed using Cox proportional hazard models, restricted cubic spline models, and general linear regression models. RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 12.6 years, 5227 incident dementia, 6822 stroke, and 2308 Parkinson's disease cases were identified. Compared with TV viewing >0-1 h/day, watching TV ≥5 h/day was associated with higher risks of dementia [hazard ratio (HR), 1.44; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.28-1.62], stroke (HR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.01-1.25), and Parkinson's disease (HR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.06-1.54). Moreover, we observed inverse associations between TV viewing time and both gray matter volume and hippocampus volume (Ptrend <.001). However, we did not observe the significant associations between discretional computer use and brain-related disorders or neuroimaging features. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Our findings suggest that high TV viewing time is associated with increased risk of various brain-related disorders, highlighting recreational TV viewing could have an important impact on brain-related health.
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Demencia , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Tiempo de Pantalla , Humanos , Estudios Prospectivos , Masculino , Femenino , Anciano , Persona de Mediana Edad , Demencia/epidemiología , Enfermedad de Parkinson/diagnóstico por imagen , Accidente Cerebrovascular/epidemiología , Reino Unido/epidemiología , Neuroimagen , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , Recreación , Televisión/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Hearing impairment has been linked to several cardiovascular diseases. However, the association between hearing disorders, genetic predisposition, and new-onset AF remains largely unknown. METHODS: A total of 476,773 participants (mean age 56.5 years) free of AF at baseline (from 2006 to 2010) were included from the UK Biobank study. The presence of hearing disorders including hearing difficulty and tinnitus was self-reported through the touchscreen questionnaire. AF was defined using ICD-10 code: I48 and was followed till February 1st. 2022. The Cox model was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 13.0 years, the AF incidence rate was 2.9 per 1000 person-years. After adjustments for potential confounders, the presence of hearing difficulty (HR, 1.35; 95% CI: 1.32-1.39) and the use of hearing aid (1.45; 1.37-1.53) were significantly associated with risk of new-onset AF. Compared to individuals without tinnitus, the AF risk increased by 17% among those who experienced tinnitus occasionally (1.17; 1.09-1.25), 23% among those who experienced tinnitus frequently (1.23; 1.10-1.39), and 32% among those who experienced tinnitus consistently (1.32; 1.22-1.42). No significant difference was observed across different groups of genetic risk score for AF onset. CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides evidence regarding significant associations of hearing difficulty, use of hearing aid, and tinnitus with risk of incident AF. Findings highlight the potential that screening hearing disorders can benefit AF prevention.
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Fibrilación Atrial , Acúfeno , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Fibrilación Atrial/diagnóstico , Fibrilación Atrial/epidemiología , Fibrilación Atrial/genética , Estudios Prospectivos , Acúfeno/diagnóstico , Acúfeno/epidemiología , Acúfeno/genética , Bancos de Muestras Biológicas , Biobanco del Reino Unido , Incidencia , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
Aortic stiffness, a consequence of vascular aging, is an independent predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, the impact of age and sex on its predictive performance remains unclear. We have included 6046 individuals from the population-based Rotterdam study. Survival analyses were performed to investigate the impact of age and sex on the link between aortic stiffness and outcomes, including coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, cardiovascular disease (CVD), cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. The added predictive value of aortic stiffness across age categories and by sex was assessed by using explained variation, Harrell's C index and Integrated Discrimination Improvement (IDI). Aortic stiffness was independently associated with all outcomes [hazard ratio (95% confidence interval; CI): 1.16 (1.04-1.22) for CHD, 1.09 (1.00-1.19) for stroke, 1.11 (1.05-1.18) for CVD, 1.14 (1.05-1.23) for cardiovascular mortality, 1.08 (1.03-1.13) for all-cause mortality]. The strength of the association between aortic stiffness and stroke, cardiovascular and all-cause mortality decreased significantly by advancing age. The variance of the outcome (R2) explained by aortic stiffness alone was noticeable in individuals younger than 60âyears and negligible in the other age categories. The association of aortic stiffness and CHD was stronger in women than in men. Similarly, the difference in R2 between women and men was greater for CHD than for the other considered outcomes. Our findings suggest that the gain in explained variation caused by aortic stiffness for CVD and mortality might be limited to individuals younger than 60âyears.
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Rigidez Vascular , Humanos , Rigidez Vascular/fisiología , Masculino , Femenino , Anciano , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pronóstico , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/mortalidad , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/fisiopatología , Factores de Edad , Países Bajos/epidemiología , Factores Sexuales , Envejecimiento/fisiologíaRESUMEN
AIMS: To examine the association between the burden of cardiometabolic disorders with new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) and lifetime risk of AF incidence among men and women. METHODS AND RESULTS: Four thousand one hundred and one men and 5421 women free of AF at baseline (1996-2008) from the population-based Rotterdam Study were included. Sex-specific Cox proportional-hazards regression models were used to assess the association between the burden of cardiometabolic disorders and risk of new-onset AF. The remaining lifetime risk for AF was estimated at index ages of 55, 65, and 75 years up to age 108. Mean age at baseline was 65.5 ± 9.4 years. Median follow-up time was 12.8 years. In the fully adjusted model, a stronger association was found between a larger burden of cardiometabolic disorders and incident AF among women [hazard ratio (HR): 1.33% and 95% conference interval (CI): 1.22-1.46], compared to men [1.18 (1.08-1.29)] (P for sex-interaction <0.05). The lifetime risk for AF significantly increased with the number of cardiometabolic disorders among both sexes. At an index age of 55 years, the lifetime risks (95% CIs) for AF were 27.1% (20.8-33.4), 26.5% (22.8-30.5), 29.9% (26.7-33.2), 30.8% (25.7-35.8), and 33.3% (23.1-43.6) among men, for 0, 1, 2, 3, and ≥4 comorbid cardiometabolic disorders. Corresponding risks were 15.8% (10.5-21.2), 23.0% (19.8-26.2), 29.7% (26.8-32.6), 26.2% (20.8-31.6), and 34.2% (17.3-51.1) among women. CONCLUSION: We observed a significant combined impact of cardiometabolic disorders on AF risk, in particular among women. Participants with cardiometabolic multimorbidity had a significantly higher lifetime risk of AF, especially at a young index age.
The present study examined the association between the burden of cardiometabolic disorders with new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) and lifetime risk of AF incidence among 4101 men and 5421 women from the Rotterdam Study cohort. We observed a significant combined impact of cardiometabolic disorders on AF risk, in particular among women. Participants with cardiometabolic multimorbidity had a significantly higher lifetime risk of AF, especially at a young index age.A stronger association was found between a larger burden of cardiometabolic disorders and incident AF among women [hazard ratio: 1.33% and 95% conference interval: 1.221.46], compared to men [1.18 (1.081.29)] (P for sex-interaction <0.05).Among participants aged 55 years or older, the lifetime risk of AF was 25.2% among healthy men and 16.3% among healthy women. Individuals with cardiometabolic multimorbidity exhibited a markedly escalated lifetime risk of AF, particularly evident at a younger age.
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Fibrilación Atrial , Humanos , Fibrilación Atrial/epidemiología , Fibrilación Atrial/diagnóstico , Femenino , Masculino , Países Bajos/epidemiología , Anciano , Persona de Mediana Edad , Incidencia , Medición de Riesgo , Estudios Prospectivos , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Factores Sexuales , Factores de Riesgo Cardiometabólico , Factores de Tiempo , Factores de Riesgo , Factores de Edad , Enfermedades Metabólicas/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: We investigated the potential impact of antihypertensive drugs for atrial fibrillation (AF) prevention through a drug target Mendelian randomization study to avoid the potential limitations of clinical studies. METHODS: Validated published single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that mimic the action of 12 antihypertensive drug classes, including alpha-adrenoceptor blockers, adrenergic neuron blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin-II receptor blockers, beta-adrenoceptor blockers, centrally acting antihypertensive drugs, calcium channel blockers, loop diuretics, potassium-sparing diuretics and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, renin inhibitors, thiazides and related diuretic agents, and vasodilators were used. We estimated, via their corresponding gene and protein targets, the downstream effect of these drug classes to prevent AF via systolic blood pressure using 2-sample Mendelian randomization analyses. The SNPs were extracted from 2 European genome-wide association studies for the drug classes (n=317â 754; n=757â 601) and 1 European genome-wide association study for AF (n=1â 030â 836). RESULTS: Drug target Mendelian randomization analyses supported the significant preventive causal effects of lowering systolic blood pressure per 10 mmâ Hg via alpha-adrenoceptor blockers (n=11 SNPs; odds ratio [OR], 0.34 [95% CI, 0.21-0.56]; P=2.74×10-05), beta-adrenoceptor blockers (n=17 SNPs; OR, 0.52 [95% CI, 0.35-0.78]; P=1.62×10-03), calcium channel blockers (n=49 SNPs; OR, 0.50 [95% CI, 0.36-0.70]; P=4.51×10-05), vasodilators (n=19 SNPs; OR, 0.53 [95% CI, 0.34-0.84]; P=7.03×10-03), and all 12 antihypertensive drug classes combined (n=158 SNPs; OR, 0.64 [95% CI, 0.54-0.77]; P=8.50×10-07) on AF risk. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicated that lowering systolic blood pressure via protein targets of various antihypertensive drugs seems promising for AF prevention. Our findings inform future clinical trials and have implications for repurposing antihypertensive drugs for AF prevention.
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Antihipertensivos , Fibrilación Atrial , Presión Sanguínea , Estudio de Asociación del Genoma Completo , Hipertensión , Análisis de la Aleatorización Mendeliana , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Humanos , Fibrilación Atrial/genética , Fibrilación Atrial/tratamiento farmacológico , Fibrilación Atrial/prevención & control , Antihipertensivos/uso terapéutico , Hipertensión/genética , Hipertensión/tratamiento farmacológico , Presión Sanguínea/efectos de los fármacos , Presión Sanguínea/genética , Masculino , FemeninoRESUMEN
Accumulating evidence has reported the associations of coffee consumption with physical conditions and mortality, but the associations with mental disorders were limited. The objective of this study was to examine the associations of coffee consumption with incident depression and anxiety, and to assess whether the associations differed by coffee subtypes (instant, ground, and decaffeinated coffee) or additives (milk, sugar-sweetened, and artificial-sweetened). In this prospective cohort study, we utilized data from the UK Biobank and included a total of 146,566 participants who completed the touchscreen questionnaire at baseline between 2006 and 2010. During the follow-up, incident depression and anxiety were measured in 2016 using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9 and the Generalised Anxiety Disorder Assessment (GAD)-7, respectively. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models and restricted cubic splines were used to assess the associations. Approximately 80.7% of participants reported consuming coffee, and most drank 2 to 3 cups per day (41.2%). We found J-shaped associations between coffee consumption and both incident depression and anxiety, with the lowest risk of the mental disorders occurring at around 2-3 cups per day. Results were similar for participants who drank 2-3 cups of ground coffee, milk-coffee, or unsweetened coffee. Our findings highlight that 2-3 cups of coffee consumption could be recommended as part of a healthy lifestyle to improve mental health.
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BACKGROUND: Clinical guidelines categorize atrial fibrillation (AF) based on the temporality of AF events. Due to its dependence on event duration, this classification is not applicable to population-based cohort settings. We aimed to develop a simple and standardized method to classify AF patterns at population level. Additionally, we compared the longitudinal trajectories of cardiovascular risk factors preceding the AF patterns, and between men and women. METHODS: Between 1990 and 2014, participants from the population-based Rotterdam study were followed for AF status, and categorized into 'single-documented AF episode', 'multiple-documented AF episodes', or 'long-standing persistent AF'. Using repeated measurements we created linear mixed-effects models to assess the longitudinal evolution of risk factors prior to AF diagnosis. RESULTS: We included 14,061 participants (59.1% women, mean age 65.4 ± 10.2 years). After a median follow-up of 9.4 years (interquartile range 8.27), 1,137 (8.1%) participants were categorized as 'single-documented AF episode', 208 (1.5%) as 'multiple-documented AF episodes', and 57 (0.4%) as 'long-standing persistent AF'. In men, we found poorer trajectories of weight and waist circumference preceding 'long-standing persistent AF' as compared to the other patterns. In women, we found worse trajectories of all risk factors between 'long-standing persistent AF' and the other patterns. CONCLUSION: We developed a standardized method to classify AF patterns in the general population. Participants categorized as 'long-standing persistent AF' showed poorer trajectories of cardiovascular risk factors prior to AF diagnosis, as compared to the other patterns. Our findings highlight sex differences in AF pathophysiology and provide insight into possible risk factors of AF patterns.
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Fibrilación Atrial , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Fibrilación Atrial/diagnóstico , Fibrilación Atrial/epidemiología , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/epidemiología , Factores de Riesgo , Factores de Riesgo de Enfermedad Cardiaca , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia, has a large impact on quality of life and is associated with increased risk of hospitalization, morbidity, and mortality. Over the past two decades advances regarding the clinical epidemiology and management of AF have been established. Moreover, sex differences in the prevalence, incidence, prediction, pathophysiology, and prognosis of AF have been identified. Nevertheless, AF remains to be a complex and heterogeneous disorder and a comprehensive sex- and gender-specific approach to predict new-onset AF is lacking. The exponential growth in various sources of big data such as electrocardiograms, electronic health records, and wearable devices, carries the potential to improve AF risk prediction. Leveraging these big data sources by artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled approaches, in particular in a sex- and gender-specific manner, could lead to substantial advancements in AF prediction and ultimately prevention. We highlight the current status, premise, and potential of big data to improve sex- and gender-specific prediction of new-onset AF.
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Importance: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia worldwide, with different epidemiological and pathophysiological processes for women vs men and a poorer prognosis for women. Further investigation of sex-specific risk factors associated with AF development in women is warranted. Objective: To investigate the linear and potential nonlinear associations between sex-specific risk factors and the risk of new-onset AF in women. Design, Setting, and Participants: This population-based cohort study obtained data from the 2006 to 2010 UK Biobank study, a cohort of more than 500â¯000 participants aged 40 to 69 years. Participants were women without AF and history of hysterectomy and/or bilateral oophorectomy at baseline. Median follow-up period for AF onset was 11.6 years, and follow-up ended on October 3, 2020. Exposures: Self-reported, sex-specific risk factors, including age at menarche, history of irregular menstrual cycle, menopause status, age at menopause, years after menopause, age at first live birth, years after last birth, history of spontaneous miscarriages, history of stillbirths, number of live births, and total reproductive years. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was new-onset AF, which was defined by the use of International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision code I48. Results: A total of 235â¯191 women (mean [SD] age, 55.7 [8.1] years) were included in the present study. During follow-up, 4629 (2.0%) women experienced new-onset AF. In multivariable-adjusted models, history of irregular menstrual cycle was associated with higher AF risk (hazard ratio [HR], 1.34; 95% CI, 1.01-1.79). Both early menarche (age 7-11 years; HR, 1.10 [95% CI, 1.00-1.21]) and late menarche (age 13-18 years; HR, 1.08 [95% CI, 1.00-1.17]) were associated with AF incidence. Early menopause (age 35-44 years; HR, 1.24 [95% CI, 1.10-1.39]) and delayed menopause (age ≥60 years; HR, 1.34 [95% CI, 1.10-1.78]) were associated with higher risk of AF. Compared with women with 1 to 2 live births, those with 0 live births (HR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.04-1.24) or 7 or more live births (HR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.03-2.70) both had significantly higher AF risk. Conclusions and Relevance: Results of this study suggest that irregular menstrual cycles, nulliparity, and multiparity were associated with higher risk of new-onset AF among women. The results highlight the importance of taking into account the reproductive history of women in devising screening strategies for AF prevention.
Asunto(s)
Fibrilación Atrial , Fibrilación Atrial/complicaciones , Fibrilación Atrial/etiología , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Humanos , Incidencia , Masculino , Menopausia , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
AIMS: To investigate sex-specific longitudinal trajectories of various obesity-related measures and blood pressure at the population level and further assess the impact of these trajectories on new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF). METHODS AND RESULTS: Participants with ≥2 repeated assessments for various risk factors from the population-based Rotterdam Study were included. Latent class linear mixed models were fitted to identify the potential classes. Cox proportional-hazard models were used to assess the association between risk factors' trajectories and the risk of new-onset AF, with the most favourable trajectory as reference. Among 7367 participants (mean baseline age: 73 years, 58.8% women), after a median follow-up time of 8.9 years (interquartile range: 5.3-10.4), 769 (11.4%) participants developed new-onset AF. After adjustments for cardiovascular risk factors, persistent-increasing body mass index (BMI) trajectory carried a higher risk for AF [hazard ratio, 95% confidence interval: (1.39; 1.05-1.85) in men and (1.60; 1.19-2.15) in women], compared with the lower-and-stable BMI trajectory. Trajectories of elevated-and-stable waist circumference (WC) in women (1.53; 1.09-2.15) and elevated-and-stable hip circumference (HC) in men (1.83; 1.11-3.03) were associated with incident AF. For systolic blood pressure (SBP), the initially hypertensive trajectory carried the largest risk for AF among women (1.79; 1.21-2.65) and men (1.82; 1.13-2.95). Diastolic blood pressure trajectories were significantly associated with AF risk among women but not among men. CONCLUSION: Longitudinal trajectories of weight, BMI, WC, HC, and SBP were associated with new-onset AF in both men and women. Diastolic blood pressure trajectories were additionally associated with AF in women. Our results highlight the importance of assessing long-term exposure to risk factors for AF prevention among men and women.
Asunto(s)
Fibrilación Atrial , Masculino , Humanos , Femenino , Anciano , Fibrilación Atrial/diagnóstico , Fibrilación Atrial/epidemiología , Fibrilación Atrial/etiología , Presión Sanguínea , Índice de Masa Corporal , Circunferencia de la Cintura , Antropometría , Factores de Riesgo , IncidenciaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To assess the sex-specific evolution of various anthropometric measures and the association of their longitudinal trajectories with new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF). METHODS: Among 5266 men and 7218 women free of AF at baseline from the prospective population-based Rotterdam Study, each anthropometric measure was measured 1 to 5 times from 1989 to 2014. Anthropometric measures were standardized to obtain hazard ratios per 1 SD increase to enable comparison. Joint models were used to assess the longitudinal association between anthropometric measures and incident AF. Use of the joint models is a preferred method for simultaneous analyses of repeated measurements and survival data for conferring less biased estimates. RESULTS: Mean (SD) age was 63.9 (8.9) years for men and 64.9 (9.8) years for women. Median follow-up time was 10.5 years. Longitudinal evolution of weight, height, waist circumference, hip circumference, and body mass index was associated with an increased risk of new-onset AF in both men and women. In joint models, larger height in men (hazard ratio [95% credible interval] per 1 SD, 1.27 [1.17 to 1.38]) and weight in women (1.24 [1.16 to 1.34]) showed the largest associations with AF. In joint models, waist to hip ratio was significantly associated with incident AF only in women (1.10 [1.03 to 1.18]). CONCLUSION: Considering the entire longitudinal trajectories in joint models, anthropometric measures were positively associated with an increased risk for new-onset AF among men and women in the general population. Increase in measure of central obesity showed a stronger association with increased risk of AF onset among women compared with men.