Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 20 de 235
Filtrar
Más filtros

Bases de datos
País/Región como asunto
Tipo del documento
Intervalo de año de publicación
1.
Spinal Cord ; 50(6): 413-7, 2012 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22182852

RESUMEN

STUDY DESIGN: Discussion of issues and development of consensus. OBJECTIVE: Present the background, purpose, development process, format and definitions of the International Spinal Cord Injury Pain (ISCIP) Classification. METHODS: An international group of spinal cord injury (SCI) and pain experts deliberated over 2 days, and then via e-mail communication developed a consensus classification of pain after SCI. The classification was reviewed by members of several professional organizations and their feedback was incorporated. The classification then underwent validation by an international group of clinicians with minimal exposure to the classification, using case study vignettes. Based upon the results of this study, further revisions were made to the ISCIP Classification. RESULTS: An overall structure and terminology has been developed and partially validated as a merger of and improvement on previously published SCI pain classifications, combined with basic definitions proposed by the International Association for the Study of Pain and pain characteristics described in published empiric studies of pain. The classification is designed to be comprehensive and to include pains that are directly related to the SCI pathology as well as pains that are common after SCI but are not necessarily mechanistically related to the SCI itself. CONCLUSIONS: The format and definitions presented should help experienced and non-experienced clinicians as well as clinical researchers classify pain after SCI.


Asunto(s)
Dimensión del Dolor/clasificación , Dolor/clasificación , Dolor/etiología , Traumatismos de la Médula Espinal/complicaciones , Humanos , Dimensión del Dolor/métodos
2.
Spinal Cord ; 50(6): 404-12, 2012 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22310319

RESUMEN

STUDY DESIGN: International validation study using self-administered surveys. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the utility and reliability of the International Spinal Cord Injury Pain (ISCIP) Classification as used by clinicians. METHODS: Seventy-five clinical vignettes (case histories) were prepared by the members of the ISCIP Classification group and assigned to a category by consensus. Vignettes were incorporated into an Internet survey distributed to clinicians. Clinicians were asked, for each vignette, to decide on the number of pain components present and to classify each using the ISCIP Classification. RESULTS: The average respondent had 86% of the questions on the number of pain components correct. The overall correctness in determining whether pain was nociceptive was 79%, whereas the correctness in determining whether pain was neuropathic was 77%. Correctness in determining if pain was musculoskeletal was 84%, whereas for visceral pain, neuropathic at-level spinal cord injury (SCI) and below-level SCI pain it was 85%, 57% and 73%, respectively. Using strict criteria, the overall correctness in determining pain type was 68% (versus an expected 95%), but with maximally relaxed criteria, it increased to 85%. CONCLUSIONS: The reliability of use of the ISCIP Classification by clinicians (who received minimal training in its use) using a clinical vignette approach is moderate. Some subtypes of pain proved challenging to classify. The ISCIP should be tested for reliability by applying it to real persons with pain after SCI. Based on the results of this validation process, the instructions accompanying the ISCIP Classification for classifying subtypes of pain have been clarified.


Asunto(s)
Dimensión del Dolor/clasificación , Dimensión del Dolor/métodos , Dolor/clasificación , Traumatismos de la Médula Espinal/complicaciones , Recolección de Datos , Humanos , Dolor/etiología , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados
3.
Cell Death Differ ; 12(10): 1285-96, 2005 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15920536

RESUMEN

We examined the morphological, biochemical and molecular outcome of a nonspecific sulfhydryl reduction in cells, obtained by supplementation of N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) in a 0.1-10 mM concentration range. In human normal primary keratinocytes and in colon and ovary carcinoma cells we obtained evidences for: (i) a dose-dependent inhibition of proliferation without toxicity or apoptosis; (ii) a transition from a proliferative mesenchymal morphology to cell-specific differentiated structures; (iii) a noticeable increase in cell-cell and cell-substratum junctions; (iv) a relocation of the oncogenic beta-catenin at the cell-cell junctions; (v) inhibition of microtubules aggregation; (vi) upregulation of differentiation-related genes including p53, heat shock protein 27 gene, N-myc downstream-regulated gene 1, E-cadherin, and downregulation of cyclooxygenase-2; (vii) inhibition of c-Src tyrosine kinase. In conclusion, a thiol reduction devoid of toxicity as that operated by NAC apparently leads to terminal differentiation of normal and cancer cells through a pleiade of converging mechanisms, many of which are targets of the recently developed differentiation therapy.


Asunto(s)
Diferenciación Celular/fisiología , Neoplasias del Colon/patología , Neoplasias Ováricas/patología , Compuestos de Sulfhidrilo/metabolismo , Acetilcisteína/farmacología , Proteína Tirosina Quinasa CSK , Cadherinas/metabolismo , Adhesión Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Adhesión Celular/fisiología , Moléculas de Adhesión Celular/metabolismo , Diferenciación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Línea Celular Tumoral , Neoplasias del Colon/metabolismo , Proteínas del Citoesqueleto/metabolismo , Femenino , Humanos , Queratinocitos/citología , Queratinocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Queratinocitos/metabolismo , Neoplasias Ováricas/metabolismo , Fosfotransferasas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Fosfotransferasas/metabolismo , Proteínas Tirosina Quinasas , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas/metabolismo , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa , Timidina/metabolismo , Transactivadores , beta Catenina , Familia-src Quinasas
4.
Acta Vet Scand ; 47: 33-42, 2006.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16722304

RESUMEN

Treatment with defocused CO2 laser can have a therapeutic effect on equine injuries, but the mechanisms involved are unclear. A recent study has shown that laser causes an increase in equine superficial tissue temperature, which may result in an increase in blood perfusion and a stimulating effect on tissue regeneration. However, no studies have described the effects on equine tissue perfusion. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of defocused CO2 laser on blood perfusion and to correlate it with temperature in skin and underlying muscle in anaesthetized horses. Differences between clipped and unclipped haircoat were also assessed. Eight horses and two controls received CO2 laser treatment (91 J/cm2) in a randomised order, on a clipped and unclipped area of the hamstring muscles, respectively. The significant increase in clipped skin perfusion and temperature was on average 146.3 +/- 33.4 perfusion units (334%) and 5.5 +/- 1.5 degrees C, respectively. The significant increase in perfusion and temperature in unclipped skin were 80.6 +/- 20.4 perfusion units (264%) and 4.8 +/- 1.4 degrees C. No significant changes were seen in muscle perfusion or temperature. In conclusion, treatment with defocused CO2 laser causes a significant increase in skin perfusion, which is correlated to an increase in skin temperature.


Asunto(s)
Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Dermatologicos , Caballos/cirugía , Terapia por Láser/veterinaria , Reperfusión/veterinaria , Temperatura Cutánea , Heridas y Lesiones/veterinaria , Animales , Dióxido de Carbono , Femenino , Caballos/lesiones , Terapia por Láser/instrumentación , Terapia por Láser/métodos , Masculino , Distribución Aleatoria , Reperfusión/instrumentación , Reperfusión/métodos , Temperatura Cutánea/efectos de la radiación , Heridas y Lesiones/terapia
5.
J Neuroendocrinol ; 17(12): 846-58, 2005 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16280032

RESUMEN

Oestadiol valerate (EV)-induced polycystic ovaries (PCO) in rats cause anovulation and cystic ovarian morphology. Denervation of ovarian sympathetic nerves restores ovulatory disruption. In the present study, we determined whether 5 weeks of voluntary exercise influence ovarian morphology and the expression of sympathetic markers in the EV-induced PCO rat model. The effect of exercise on (i) ovarian morphology; (ii) mRNA and protein expression of nerve growth factor (NGF); and (iii) mRNA and number of ovarian-expressing cells for the NGF receptor (p75 neurotrophin receptor) and the alpha(1a)-, alpha(1b)-, alpha(1d)- and beta(2)-adrenergic receptors (ARs) in rats with EV-induced PCO was evaluated. PCO was induced by a single i.m. injection of EV, and controls were injected with oil alone in adult cycling rats. The rats were divided into four groups: (i) control (oil); (ii) exercise group (oil + exercise); (iii) a PCO group (EV); and (iv) a PCO exercise group (EV + exercise). The exercise and PCO exercise groups ran voluntarily for 5 weeks in computer-monitored wheels placed in the cages where they were housed. The results obtained indicated that ovarian morphology was almost normalised in the PCO exercise group; NGF mRNA and protein concentrations were normalised in the PCO exercise group; high numbers of NGF receptor expressing cells in PCO ovaries were lowered by exercise; and the number of immunopositive cells of the different AR subtypes were all reduced after exercise in the PCO group, except for the alpha(1b)- and beta(2)-AR whereas the mRNA levels were unaffected, indicating transcriptional regulation. In conclusion, our data indicate a beneficial effect of regular exercise, as a modulator of ovarian sympathetic innervation, in the prevention and treatment of human PCOS.


Asunto(s)
Factor de Crecimiento Nervioso/genética , Esfuerzo Físico/fisiología , Síndrome del Ovario Poliquístico/fisiopatología , Receptores Adrenérgicos alfa 1/genética , Receptores Adrenérgicos beta 2/genética , Animales , Peso Corporal , Estradiol/análogos & derivados , Femenino , Tamaño de los Órganos , Ovario/inervación , Ovario/patología , Ovario/fisiopatología , Síndrome del Ovario Poliquístico/inducido químicamente , Síndrome del Ovario Poliquístico/patología , ARN Mensajero/análisis , Ratas , Ratas Endogámicas WKY , Receptor de Factor de Crecimiento Nervioso/genética , Sistema Nervioso Simpático/fisiología
6.
Br J Sports Med ; 39(3): 162-5, 2005 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15728696

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: Painful disorders of the patellofemoral joint are one of the most frequent complaints in orthopaedic and sports medicine. The aims of this study were to determine whether bone scintigrams of patients suffering from patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) show diffuse uptake and in what bony compartment of the knee uptake, if any, was localised. METHODS: Fifty eight patients with chronic PFPS were examined. All patients underwent a detailed clinical history and a thorough physical examination of the knee. Anterior and lateral static images of both knees were made using a gamma camera 3 h after injection of 550 MBq of (99m)Tc-HMDP. Two experienced radiologists visually evaluated the scans blindly and separately. As 51 patients had bilateral pain, 109 painful knees are included in the results. RESULTS: Diffuse uptake on bone scintigrams was found in 48 knees in 30 of the patients. In 33 knees the uptake was localised to only one bone compartment, in 10 knees diffuse uptake was found in two of the bones forming the knee joint, and in six knees all three bone compartments (the distal femur, the patella, and the proximal tibia) exhibited diffuse uptake. CONCLUSIONS: Scintigrams of approximately half of the patients with PFPS will show diffuse uptake in one or more of the bony compartments of the knee joint and radioactive tracer accumulation will occur as often in the proximal tibia as in the patella.


Asunto(s)
Síndrome de Dolor Patelofemoral/diagnóstico por imagen , Medronato de Tecnecio Tc 99m/análogos & derivados , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Dimensión del Dolor , Cintigrafía , Radiofármacos , Rango del Movimiento Articular
7.
Curr Drug Targets CNS Neurol Disord ; 1(5): 495-510, 2002 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12769602

RESUMEN

Cholecystokinin-8 (CCK-8), the small peptide initially described as a gastric factor involved in the regulation of feeding behavior, is today recognized as one of the most abundant neurotransmitters/ neuropeptides in brain and is an important signal factor for the peripheral and central nervous systems. In the past twenty years, many studies have focused on possible clinical applications of this peptide and its receptor ligands in psychiatric diseases and gastrointestinal pathologies. Recently it has been suggested that CCK-8 may also have a neuroprotective role, thus opening a new field of interest around the physiology and the pharmacology of this neuropeptide and its receptors. It has been demonstrated that CCK-8 counteracts neuronal deficit following chemical or surgical lesions in both the central and peripheral nervous systems and that Nerve Growth factor (NGF) is involved in the CCK-induced recovery process. By using selective CCK receptor antagonists it has been demonstrated that CCK-8, when injected intraperitoneally, has the ability to stimulate NGF synthesis in brain and peripheral organs by a mechanism that involves the activation of CCK receptors. As has been widely reported, NGF is an essential survival and differentiative factor for selective neuronal populations of the PNS and CNS and plays a role in the events of degeneration and repair of the nervous system in diseases with different etiologies, e.g. neurodegenerative and autoimmune diseases as well as diabetes-associated pathologies. The possibility of using NGF in therapy has been evaluated and systemic and intracerebral NGF treatment have been tested in patients and animal models. Although the results of these studies are encouraging, the difficulty to predict and/or eliminate the side effects of NGF/NGF antibody treatment has made it difficult to fully evaluate the potential of the beneficial effects. In this context recent results obtained in our laboratories may offer a new prospective for the pharmacological approaches to the diseases associated with altered NGF production and functions. The data of our recent observations on NGF and CCK-8 is covered in this review.


Asunto(s)
Factor de Crecimiento Nervioso/fisiología , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso/tratamiento farmacológico , Sistema Nervioso/efectos de los fármacos , Sincalida/fisiología , Animales , Humanos , Factor de Crecimiento Nervioso/metabolismo , Factor de Crecimiento Nervioso/uso terapéutico , Sistema Nervioso/metabolismo , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso/metabolismo , Sincalida/metabolismo , Sincalida/uso terapéutico
8.
Pain ; 20(1): 13-23, 1984 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-6436774

RESUMEN

In the present study 267 patients with chronic neurogenic or musculoskeletal pain were given vibratory stimulation for the pain. The patients were observed for 18 months or until they terminated the treatment. About half of the successfully relieved patients (59% of the total number of patients) reported more than 50% pain relief, as scored on a visual analogue and an adjectival scale. Seventy-two per cent of these patients reported an increased social activity and greater than 50% reduced intake of analgesic drugs after 12 months of home treatment. It is suggested that vibration may be a valuable measure for symptomatic treatment of chronic pain.


Asunto(s)
Manejo del Dolor , Vibración/uso terapéutico , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Niño , Enfermedad Crónica , Terapia por Estimulación Eléctrica , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Cuidados a Largo Plazo , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Trastornos Psicofisiológicos/terapia , Síndrome
9.
Pain ; 43(2): 243-247, 1990 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2087335

RESUMEN

Forty-nine patients suffering from lateral humeral epicondylalgia were enrolled in a double-blind study to observe the effects of Ga-As laser applied to acupuncture points. The Mid 1500 IRRADIA laser machine was used, wavelength: 904 nm, mean power output: 12 mW, peak value: 8.3 W; frequency: 70 Hz (pulse train). Localization of points: LI 10, 11, 12, Lu 5 and SJ 5. Each point was treated for 30 sec resulting in a dose of treatment of 0.36 J/point. The patients were treated 2-3 times weekly with 10 treatments in all. Follow-ups were done after 3 months and 1 year. No significant differences were observed between the laser and the placebo group in relation to the subjective or objective outcome after 10 treatments or at the follow-ups.


Asunto(s)
Puntos de Acupuntura , Terapia por Láser , Codo de Tenista/terapia , Adulto , Anciano , Método Doble Ciego , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad
10.
Pain ; 85(1-2): 31-9, 2000 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10692600

RESUMEN

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of injection of serotonin (5-HT) into the masseter muscle on pain and allodynia/hyperalgesia. Twelve female patients with fibromyalgia (FM) and 12 age-matched female healthy individuals (HI) participated in the study. The current pain intensity (CPI) and the pressure pain threshold (PPT) of the superficial masseter muscles were assessed bilaterally. 5-HT in one of three randomized concentrations (10(-3), 10(-5), 10(-7) M) or isotonic saline was then injected into either of the two masseter muscles in a double-blind manner. After the injections the CPI and PPT were recorded ten times during 30 min. The injections were repeated twice with the other concentrations of 5-HT after 1 and 2 weeks, respectively. In the FM-group there was a non-significant increase of CPI after injection that lasted during the entire 30-min period irrespective of whether 5-HT or saline was injected. Neither did the PPT change significantly. In the HI-group pain developed significantly after injection irrespective of whether 5-HT or saline was injected, but significantly more so after 5-HT at 10(-3) M than saline injection. CPI decreased quickly and then remained on a very low level for most of the experiment. 5-HT at both 10(-5) M and 10(-3) M caused a significantly greater decrease of PPT than saline. In conclusion, our results show that 5-HT injected into the masseter muscle of healthy female subjects elicits pain and allodynia/hyperalgesia, while no such responses occur in patients with fibromyalgia.


Asunto(s)
Fibromialgia/fisiopatología , Hiperalgesia/inducido químicamente , Dolor/inducido químicamente , Serotonina , Adulto , Método Doble Ciego , Femenino , Humanos , Hiperalgesia/fisiopatología , Inyecciones Intramusculares , Músculo Masetero/fisiopatología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Dolor/fisiopatología , Dimensión del Dolor , Umbral del Dolor/efectos de los fármacos , Presión , Serotonina/administración & dosificación , Serotonina/sangre
11.
Pain ; 84(2-3): 339-46, 2000 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10666539

RESUMEN

We have previously reported that intramuscular injection of serotonin (5-HT) into the masseter muscle elicits pain and allodynia/hyperalgesia in healthy subjects. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the 5-HT(3) receptor antagonist granisetron or 5-HT(1A) receptor antagonist propranolol can reduce 5-HT induced pain and allodynia/hyperalgesia in the masseter muscle. Twenty-four healthy individuals (12 males and 12 females) without pain from the masseter muscle region participated. They were examined clinically including tenderness to digital palpation (TDP) and pressure pain threshold (PPT) of the masseter muscle. 5-HT in combination with granisetron or propranolol was randomly injected on one side in a double-blind manner. 5-HT in combination with saline was used on the contralateral side. After the injections the pain intensity and PPT were recorded 10 times during 30min. After the last recording the TDP was assessed again. The injections were repeated with the other antagonist within 1 week. All three combinations of substances elicited pain after injection, which lasted for 5-8min. 5-HT induced significantly more pain than granisetron+5-HT and propranolol+5-HT. The TDP increased significantly after injection of all combinations of substances, but there was no significant difference between them. The PPT decreased significantly after injection of 5-HT and increased significantly after injection of granisetron+5-HT, while it did not change significantly after injection of propranolol+5-HT. The difference between 5-HT and granisetron+5-HT was significant. In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that injection of granisetron and propranolol into the human masseter muscle reduces pain induced by local administration of 5-HT, but that the effect of granisetron is stronger than that of propranolol. In addition, granisetron totally abolishes allodynia/hyperalgesia.


Asunto(s)
Granisetrón/uso terapéutico , Hiperalgesia/tratamiento farmacológico , Músculo Masetero/fisiopatología , Dolor/tratamiento farmacológico , Cuidados Paliativos , Propranolol/uso terapéutico , Antagonistas de la Serotonina/uso terapéutico , Adulto , Método Doble Ciego , Combinación de Medicamentos , Femenino , Humanos , Hiperalgesia/inducido químicamente , Hiperalgesia/fisiopatología , Inyecciones Intramusculares , Masculino , Músculo Masetero/efectos de los fármacos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Dolor/inducido químicamente , Dolor/fisiopatología , Dimensión del Dolor/métodos , Serotonina , Caracteres Sexuales
12.
Pain ; 20(1): 25-44, 1984 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-6333660

RESUMEN

In the present study 366 patients suffering acute or chronic musculoskeletal pain of different origin were given vibratory stimulation for the pain. Many of the patients had previously had treatments of various kinds without satisfactory relief. The effect of vibratory stimulation was assessed during and after stimulation using a graphic rating scale. Sixty-nine per cent of the patients reported a reduction of pain during vibratory stimulation. The best pain reducing site was found to be either the area of pain, the affected muscle or tendon, the antagonistic muscle or a trigger point outside the painful area. In most patients the best pain reducing effect was obtained when the vibratory stimulation was applied with moderate pressure. To obtain a maximal duration of pain relief the stimulation had to be applied for about 25-45 min.


Asunto(s)
Manejo del Dolor , Vibración/uso terapéutico , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Enfermedades Óseas/fisiopatología , Enfermedades Óseas/terapia , Terapia por Estimulación Eléctrica , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Enfermedades Musculares/fisiopatología , Enfermedades Musculares/terapia , Dolor/fisiopatología , Placebos , Síndrome , Factores de Tiempo
13.
J Hypertens ; 12(9): 1069-74, 1994 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7852751

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: There is evidence for an altered endothelial function in established hypertension but little is known about endothelial function in borderline hypertension. It has also been suggested that the early stages of hypertension are characterized by an increased sympathetic drive. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether alterations in endothelin, neuropeptide Y (NPY) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) are already present in the borderline hypertensive stage. DESIGN: A case-control study of age-matched men recruited from a population screening programme. METHODS: Seventy-five men with stable borderline hypertension [diastolic blood pressure (DBP), 85-94 mmHg] and 75 age- and sex-matched normotensive controls (DBP < or = 80 mmHg) were investigated. Plasma samples were drawn in a standardized fashion, and extracted and analysed using competitive radio immunoassays. RESULTS: Basal concentrations of NPY and CGRP were similar in the two groups (28.4 versus 26.7 pmol/l and 24.2 versus 21.7 pmol/l, respectively). Basal concentrations of endothelin were significantly higher in the borderline hypertensive group (2.0 versus 1.5 pmol/l, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that a disturbed endothelial function, represented by endothelin, could be involved in the early hypertensive processes. They also suggest that these changes could be present before the basal sympathetic/parasympathetic drive alters, warranting further research into this area.


Asunto(s)
Endotelinas/sangre , Hipertensión/metabolismo , Neuropéptido Y/sangre , Adulto , Calcitonina/sangre , Calcitonina/orina , Endotelinas/orina , Humanos , Masculino , Neuropéptido Y/orina , Radioinmunoensayo
14.
Neuroscience ; 75(2): 587-600, 1996 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8931021

RESUMEN

Four neuropeptides, substance P, neurokinin A, calcitonin gene-related peptide and neuropeptide Y, were detected by radioimmunoassay in guinea-pig vestibular end-organs. High-resolution confocal microscopy visualization of immunofluorescence staining was used to determine the cellular localization of these peptides. Substance P- and neurokinin A-like immunoreactivities were found to co-exist in afferent fibers innervating the peripheral regions of both the utricular and ampullar sensory organs. The immunoreactivity was more concentrated in the distal ends of the calyceal-shaped nerve endings that innervate type I sensory cells. While in the guinea-pig, nerve calyces and type I cells are distributed in both the central and peripheral regions of the sensory epithelia, immunoreactive calyces were found only in the peripheral regions. Calcitonin gene-related peptide-like immunoreactivity was localized in small bouton endings situated at the level of the base of the hair cells. These boutons were in a position to make axosomatic contacts with type II sensory cells and axodendritic contacts with afferent nerve endings. Calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactivity co-existed with choline acetyltransferase immunoreactivity. The localization and shape of these boutons identified them as the axonal endings of efferent vestibular fibers. Neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity was not observed in the actual sensory epithelium but in the underlying connective tissue, where it was located in varicose fibers along blood vessels. The synaptic position of the tachykinins is clearly distinct from that of calcitonin gene-related peptide. This segregation distinguishes the vestibular end-organs from most peripheral tissues where these peptides are co-localized. The tachykinin-immunoreactive afferent fibers are postsynaptic to the hair cells. If, as in somatic sensory endings, these fibers can be triggered to release the neuropeptides by an axon reflex type of activation, then the tachykinins could interfere directly with the function of type I and type II vestibular hair cells. Calcitonin gene-related peptide co-exists with acetylcholine in the efferent axonal endings that are presynaptic to type II hair cells and to afferent fibers. Calcitonin gene-related peptide can thus interfere by direct synaptic action with type II hair cells only. It may also regulate the activity of the tachykinin-containing afferents.


Asunto(s)
Neuropéptidos/metabolismo , Células Receptoras Sensoriales/metabolismo , Células Receptoras Sensoriales/ultraestructura , Vestíbulo del Laberinto/metabolismo , Vestíbulo del Laberinto/ultraestructura , Animales , Péptido Relacionado con Gen de Calcitonina/metabolismo , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Cobayas , Inmunohistoquímica , Microscopía Confocal , Neuroquinina A/metabolismo , Neuropéptido Y/metabolismo , Radioinmunoensayo , Fracciones Subcelulares/metabolismo , Sustancia P/metabolismo
15.
Neuroscience ; 71(2): 523-31, 1996 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9053804

RESUMEN

The present study was performed in rats with experimental mononeuropathy after left common sciatic nerve constriction. A bilateral decrease in hindpaw withdrawal latency to thermal and mechanical stimulation was observed after unilateral ligation of the left common sciatic nerve; however, it was more pronounced on the lesioned side. Compared with sham-operated rats, the content of calcitonin gene-related peptide-like immunoreactivity was significantly decreased in the left dorsal horn of the spinal cord and left dorsal root ganglia in rats with mononeuropathy. Blocking the receptor of calcitonin gene-related peptide, by intrathecal injection of 5 or 10 nmol of calcitonin gene-related peptide (8-37), induced a significant bilateral increase in hindpaw withdrawal latency to both thermal and mechanical stimulation which, however, was significantly less pronounced in mononeuropathic rats than in intact rats. The effect of calcitonin gene-related peptide (8-37) was reversed by intrathecal administration of the opioid antagonist naloxone. The contribution of calcitonin gene-related peptide and its receptors to transmission of presumed nociceptive information appears to be reduced in the sciatic nerve constriction model. The decrease in reflex responsiveness induced by calcitonin gene-related peptide (8-37) was counteracted by naloxone, indicating that opioids control the net effect of excitation in the spinal cord circuitry induced by calcitonin gene-related peptide and possibly other co-released neurotransmitters.


Asunto(s)
Péptido Relacionado con Gen de Calcitonina/farmacología , Lateralidad Funcional/fisiología , Naloxona/farmacología , Antagonistas de Narcóticos/farmacología , Dimensión del Dolor/efectos de los fármacos , Fragmentos de Péptidos/farmacología , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Periférico/fisiopatología , Animales , Péptido Relacionado con Gen de Calcitonina/antagonistas & inhibidores , Péptido Relacionado con Gen de Calcitonina/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Péptido Relacionado con Gen de Calcitonina/metabolismo , Lateralidad Funcional/efectos de los fármacos , Ganglios Espinales/efectos de los fármacos , Ganglios Espinales/metabolismo , Calor , Inyecciones Espinales , Masculino , Fragmentos de Péptidos/antagonistas & inhibidores , Estimulación Física , Radioinmunoensayo , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Médula Espinal/efectos de los fármacos , Médula Espinal/metabolismo , Transmisión Sináptica/efectos de los fármacos
16.
Neuroscience ; 96(4): 767-71, 2000.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10727794

RESUMEN

The present study was performed in rats with experimentally induced mononeuropathy after left common sciatic nerve ligation. The hindpaw withdrawal latencies to thermal and mechanical stimulation increased significantly after intra-periaqueductal grey injection of 2 or 3nmol, but not 1nmol of galanin in rats with mononeuropathy. Intraperitoneal administration of 4.5mg/kg morphine induced significant increases in hindpaw withdrawal latencies to both noxious stimulation, which were attenuated by following intra-periaqueductal grey injection of 2nmol of the galanin antagonist galantide. Furthermore, the antinociceptive effect induced by intra-periaqueductal grey injection of 26.6nmol of morphine was attenuated significantly by following intra-periaqueductal gray administration of 2nmol of galantide. The results demonstrated that in periaqueductal grey galanin plays an antinociceptive role in rats with mononeuropathy and galanin is involved in the mechanisms of opioid-induced antinociception.


Asunto(s)
Analgésicos/metabolismo , Analgésicos/farmacología , Galanina/metabolismo , Galanina/farmacología , Mononeuropatías/tratamiento farmacológico , Mononeuropatías/fisiopatología , Compresión Nerviosa/efectos adversos , Sustancia Gris Periacueductal/efectos de los fármacos , Sustancia Gris Periacueductal/metabolismo , Analgésicos Opioides/farmacología , Animales , Pie/inervación , Pie/fisiopatología , Galanina/análogos & derivados , Ligadura , Masculino , Morfina/farmacología , Nociceptores/citología , Nociceptores/efectos de los fármacos , Nociceptores/fisiología , Péptidos Opioides/efectos de los fármacos , Péptidos Opioides/metabolismo , Dimensión del Dolor/efectos de los fármacos , Sustancia Gris Periacueductal/citología , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Tiempo de Reacción/efectos de los fármacos , Tiempo de Reacción/fisiología , Sustancia P/análogos & derivados , Sustancia P/farmacología
17.
Neuroscience ; 118(4): 1015-22, 2003.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12732246

RESUMEN

The central nucleus of amygdala (CeA) plays an important role in pain regulation. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-like immunoreactive fibers and CGRP receptors are distributed densely in CeA. The present study was performed to elucidate the role of CGRP in nociceptive regulation in the CeA of rats. Intra-CeA injection of CGRP induced dose-dependent increases in the hind-paw withdrawal latency tested by hotplate test and Randall Selitto Test, indicating an antinociceptive effect of CGRP in CeA. Furthermore, the antinociceptive effect of CGRP was blocked by intra-CeA administration of the CGRP receptor antagonist CGRP8-37, suggesting that CGRP receptor1 is involved in the CGRP-induced antinociception. The CGRP-induced antinociception was attenuated by s.c. injection of the opioid antagonist naloxone, suggesting an involvement of endogenous opioid systems in CGRP-induced antinociception. Moreover, it was demonstrated that opioid receptors in the periaqueductal gray, but not in CeA, contributed to the CGRP-induced antinociception, indicating the importance of the pathway between CeA and the periaqueductal gray in CGRP-induced antinociception. Combining retrograde fluorescent tracing with immunohistochemistry, we found that met-enkephalinergic neurons were innervated by CGRP-containing terminals in CeA. Furthermore, most neurons in the CeA retrogradely traced from the periaqueductal gray were contacted by CGRP-containing terminals and some of them were surrounded by characteristic basket-like structures formed by the terminals, suggesting that CGRP innervates the neurons which project from CeA to the periaqueductal gray. The results indicate that CGRP activates the met-enkephalinergic neurons, which project from CeA to the periaqueductal gray, producing antinociceptive effect in rats.


Asunto(s)
Amígdala del Cerebelo/efectos de los fármacos , Analgésicos/farmacología , Péptido Relacionado con Gen de Calcitonina/farmacología , Vías Nerviosas/efectos de los fármacos , Sustancia Gris Periacueductal/efectos de los fármacos , Receptores de Péptido Relacionado con el Gen de Calcitonina/metabolismo , Amígdala del Cerebelo/anatomía & histología , Amígdala del Cerebelo/metabolismo , Analgésicos/administración & dosificación , Animales , Péptido Relacionado con Gen de Calcitonina/administración & dosificación , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Vías de Administración de Medicamentos/veterinaria , Encefalina Metionina/metabolismo , Hiperalgesia/metabolismo , Inmunohistoquímica/métodos , Masculino , Naloxona/farmacología , Antagonistas de Narcóticos/farmacología , Vías Nerviosas/metabolismo , Dimensión del Dolor/métodos , Fragmentos de Péptidos/administración & dosificación , Fragmentos de Péptidos/metabolismo , Fragmentos de Péptidos/farmacología , Sustancia Gris Periacueductal/metabolismo , Estimulación Física , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Tiempo de Reacción
18.
Br J Pharmacol ; 129(8): 1649-54, 2000 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10780970

RESUMEN

It has been proposed that the vagus nerve plays a role in mediating cholecystokinin-8 (CCK-8) effect on such gastric functions as motility, emptying and gastric acid secretion. To examine the contribution of the efferent pathways in realizing these effects, efferent mass activity in the ventral gastric vagal nerve in Sprague-Dawley rats was recorded. Intravenous infusion of CCK-8 (0.1-1 nmol) suppressed the efferent activity. The effect of CCK-8 was significantly reduced in animals with total subdiaphragmatic vagotomy in comparison to those with partial vagotomy. Intravenous infusion of CCK(A) receptor antagonist L-364,718 (1-100x10(-6) g) blocked the response of vagal efferent activity to 0.1 nmol CCK-8, but the CCK(B) receptor antagonist L-365,260 (1-100x10(-6) g) did not in the conditions of either partial or total vagotomy. Intracisternal infusion of L-364,718 (1x10(-6) g) blocked the response of vagal efferent activity to 0.1 nmol CCK-8 i.v. Infusion of exogenous CCK-8 did not affect the activity of supradiaphragmatic vagal afferents. The results suggest that the effect of systemically administered CCK-8 on vagal efferent activity is mediated by both peripherally (subdiaphragmatically) and centrally localized CCK(A) receptors.


Asunto(s)
Neuronas Eferentes/efectos de los fármacos , Receptores de Colecistoquinina/metabolismo , Sincalida/farmacología , Animales , Cuerpos Aórticos/efectos de los fármacos , Cuerpos Aórticos/fisiología , Depresores del Apetito/farmacología , Masculino , Neuronas Eferentes/fisiología , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Receptor de Colecistoquinina A , Receptores de Colecistoquinina/efectos de los fármacos , Estómago/efectos de los fármacos , Estómago/inervación , Vagotomía/efectos adversos
19.
Br J Pharmacol ; 129(4): 744-50, 2000 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10683199

RESUMEN

Alterations of nerve growth factor (NGF) expression have been demonstrated during peripheral nerve disease and the impaired expression or synthesis and transportation of NGF has been correlated with the pathogenesis of several peripheral neuropathies. Since exogenous NGF administration seems to cause undesired side-effects, therapeutical strategies based on the regulation of endogenous synthesis of NGF could prove useful in the clinical treatment of these disorders. The aim of the present study was to analyse the effects of exogenous peripheral administration of the neuropeptide cholecystokinin-8 (CCK-8) on endogenous NGF synthesis, NGF mRNA and distribution of peripheral neuropeptides which are known to be regulated by this neurotrophin. To address these questions we studied the effects of capsaicin (CAPS) before and after the administration of CCK-8 on NGF levels, NGF mRNA expression and localization, and the concentration of substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in peripheral tissue These studies demonstrate that administration of the CCK-8 induces an increase of NGF protein and mRNA in peripheral tissue. NGF level in paw skin of CAPS/CCK-8-treated mice is 3 fold higher than in controls (1241+/-110 pg gr(-1) of tissue wet weight versus 414+/-110 pg gr(-1) of controls) and nearly 6 fold higher than in CAPS-treated mice (1241+/-110 pg gr(-1) versus 248+/-27 pg gr(-1)). The increase of NGF is correlated with the recovery of impaired nocifensive behaviour and with an overexpression of SP and CGRP. The evidence that CCK-8 promotes the recovery of sensory deficits suggests a potential clinical use for this neuropeptide in peripheral neuropathies.


Asunto(s)
Factor de Crecimiento Nervioso/biosíntesis , Umbral del Dolor/efectos de los fármacos , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Periférico/tratamiento farmacológico , Sincalida/farmacología , Animales , Conducta Animal/efectos de los fármacos , Péptido Relacionado con Gen de Calcitonina/metabolismo , Capsaicina , Masculino , Ratones , Factor de Crecimiento Nervioso/genética , Neuronas Aferentes/efectos de los fármacos , Neuronas Aferentes/fisiología , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Periférico/metabolismo , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Periférico/fisiopatología , ARN Mensajero/genética , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Sustancia P/metabolismo , Regulación hacia Arriba/efectos de los fármacos
20.
Br J Pharmacol ; 123(6): 1230-6, 1998 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9559909

RESUMEN

1. Nerve growth factor (NGF), a powerful agent for the growth, differentiation and regeneration of lesioned cells of the central and peripheral nervous systems, has in recent years been indicated as a potential therapeutic agent capable of reversing the processes of cell damage in neurodegenerative events in man. Since NGF does not cross the blood-brain barrier and central NGF administration requires invasive surgical procedures, the discovery of substances modulating in vivo NGF synthesis in the brain will be extremely useful for a possible clinical use of NGF. 2. The aim of the present study to analyse if the content of NGF in the brain of adult mice can be affected by peripheral administration of cholecystokinin-8 (CCK-8), a well known neuropeptide which has stimulant actions on neurons in the brain and promotes a variety of neurobehavioural effects both in man and rodents. 3. The dose-response and time course effects of an i.p. injection of CCK-8 on the NGF concentrations in the hippocampus, cortex, hypothalamus and pituitary of adult male mice were analysed by use of a sensitive immunoenzymatic assay for NGF. The effects of pretreatment with selective CCK(A) and CCK(B) receptor antagonists and atropine on the NGF response to CCK injection were also studied. 4. The effects of CCK-8 were dose- and time-dependent and the injection of 8 nmol kg(-1) resulted in a 3 fold increase of NGF levels in the hypothalamus and pituitary, and about a 60% increase in the hippocampus. No effects were observed in the cortex. Pretreatment with a selective CCK(A) receptor antagonist blocked the CCK-induced NGF increase in the hypothalamus and pituitary. In the hippocampus the same effect was obtained with a CCK(B) receptor antagonist. Pretreatment with atropine suppressed the CCK-induced effects on NGF levels in all the brain regions examined. 5. Our results showing that i.p. injection with CCK-8 can modulate NGF levels in the brain through a mechanism which seems, in part, to be mediated via the vagal afferents, indicate that this neuropeptide may represent a useful pharmacological approach to enhance endogenous NGF levels in neuropathologies associated with a neurotrophin deficit.


Asunto(s)
Encéfalo/efectos de los fármacos , Factores de Crecimiento Nervioso/metabolismo , Receptores de Colecistoquinina/metabolismo , Sincalida/farmacología , Animales , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Masculino , Ratones , Receptor de Colecistoquinina A , Receptor de Colecistoquinina B , Receptores de Colecistoquinina/antagonistas & inhibidores
SELECCIÓN DE REFERENCIAS
DETALLE DE LA BÚSQUEDA