FLMatchQA: a recursive neural network-based question answering with customized federated learning model.

More sophisticated data access is possible with artificial intelligence (AI) techniques such as question answering (QA), but regulations and privacy concerns have limited their use. Federated learning (FL) deals with these problems, and QA is a viable substitute for AI. The utilization of hierarchical FL systems is examined in this research, along with an ideal method for developing client-specific adapters. The User Modified Hierarchical Federated Learning Model (UMHFLM) selects local models for users' tasks. The article suggests employing recurrent neural network (RNN) as a neural network (NN) technique for learning automatically and categorizing questions based on natural language into the appropriate templates. Together, local and global models are developed, with the worldwide model influencing local models, which are, in turn, combined for personalization. The method is applied in natural language processing pipelines for phrase matching employing template exact match, segmentation, and answer type detection. The (SQuAD-2.0), a DL-based QA method for acquiring knowledge of complicated SPARQL test questions and their accompanying SPARQL queries across the DBpedia dataset, was used to train and assess the model. The SQuAD2.0 datasets evaluate the model, which identifies 38 distinct templates. Considering the top two most likely templates, the RNN model achieves template classification accuracy of 92.8% and 61.8% on the SQuAD2.0 and QALD-7 datasets. A study on data scarcity among participants found that FL Match outperformed BERT significantly. A MAP margin of 2.60% exists between BERT and FL Match at a 100% data ratio and an MRR margin of 7.23% at a 20% data ratio.

Audits of Antimicrobial Usage in a Tertiary Care Center in Hyderabad.

Background Irrational prescriptions have an ill effect on health as well as on healthcare expenditure. Prescription auditing is an important tool to improve the quality of prescriptions, which in turn improves the quality of health care provided. Regular and timely audits of antibiotic prescriptions can prevent irrational antibiotic usage. Introduction The inappropriate use of drugs is a global health problem, especially in developing countries like India. In 2015, during the 68th World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Committee for Southeast Asia, all Member States of the region, including India, endorsed the "Regional Strategy for Patient Safety in the WHO Southeast Asia Region (2016-2025)" aiming to support the development of national quality of care and patient safety strategies, policies, and plans and commit to translating those objectives of the Regional Strategy into actionable strategies at country level. Methodology A retrospective observational study was conducted in a 330-bedded, National Accreditation Board for Hospitals & Healthcare Providers (NABH)-accredited tertiary healthcare center. The study period was six months, from January 2019 to June 2019. Results Ninety-five point four-five percent (95.45%) of the doctors attended the sensitization program and all accepted following the standard prescribing protocols. Sixty-nine point seven percent (69.7%) of the doctors were aware of the availability of drugs in the hospital pharmacy stores. Seventy-four point two-four percent (74.24%) of the doctors were aware of the ongoing prescription audits. Seventy-two point two-seven percent (72.27%) of the treating doctors were of the opinion of selecting the appropriate antibiotics based on hospital antibiogram. The importance of antibiograms from cultures and environmental surveillance was followed well only after sensitizing all the treating doctors. Ninety-five point four-five percent (95.45%) of the doctors were of the opinion of taking the permission of a higher authority to start high-end antibiotics. Seventy-seven point one-zero percent (77.10%) doctors recommended sample collection prior to antibiotic administration. Sixty-three percent (63%) of the patient's clinical condition improved with the antibiotics prescribed prior to the culture report. Conclusion By judicious use of antibiotics, we can reduce the evolution of antibiotic resistance in bacteria and extend the useful life of antibiotics that are still effective. Antibiotic use patterns must be studied to address complications resulting from a large number of antibiotics.

A comprehensive review on impacts of COVID-19 in food preservation and cold chain: An approach towards implementing green energy technologies.

Technology plays a crucial role in fighting COVID-19 pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic impacts all facets of human life, including food preservation and supply chain. The changes in the food processing and preservation brings changes to the global food choice. In the age of the COVID-19 pandemic scare, the present article explores the framework for food security. It offers insights into food security with a focus on renewable energy to help rural farmers, besides, exploring the possibility of the diffusion of COVID-19 via food chain. This article indicates that the implementation of stand-alone and hybrid renewable energy systems is relatively fresh in food processing, preservation, and transportation chain. Green food preservation may be a revolutionary idea to address the challenges of the future to secure both producers and customers, besides, to improve the attractiveness of the ecological, economic, and creative sectors. This study reveals that the transformation can be achieved from a technological and economic point of view with the key steps to fulfill this goal in a cost-effective manner. The observation also shows a suitable methodology to identify the best energy, economic and environmental scenario towards fulfilling the energy needs in isolated areas.

Banana fiber Cellulose Nano Crystals grafted with butyl acrylate for heavy metal lead (II) removal.

The present work deals with extraction of Cellulose Nano Crystals (CNCs) from Banana fiber using the steam explosion method. Extracted CNCs was grafted with butyl acrylate (BA) monomer with ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) as an initiator. The prepared graft copolymer was analyzed using FTIR, XRD, SEM and EDAX. FTIR results indicate that the CH2 type of linkages was observed in the grafted copolymer showing effective formation of grafted copolymer. XRD results elucidate the changes in the crystalline behaviour of the prepared CNCs grafted butyl acrylate copolymer. SEM images of a prepared adsorbent was appeared to be heterogeneous and covered with clusters which will be suitable for adsorption. Batch adsorption studies was carried out for the removal of Pb(II) ions from the aqueous solution using the prepared copolymer. The parameters such as effect of pH, contact time, initial metal ion concentration and adsorbent dosage was investigated. From the observed results it was concluded that, the optimum pH: 5, contact time: 360 min, adsorbent dosage: 4 g/100 mL and initial metal ion concentration: 125 mg/L. The adsorption isotherm models of Pb(II) ions could be described very well by Freundlich model and the kinetic results revealed that pseudo-second-order kinetics showed a better fit.

Isolation and molecular characterization of dengue virus clinical isolates from pediatric patients in New Delhi.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the in vitro replication fitness, viral diversity, and phylogeny of dengue viruses (DENV) isolated from Indian patients. METHODS: DENV was isolated from whole blood collected from patients by passaging in cell culture. Passage 3 viruses were used for growth kinetics in C6/36 mosquito cells. Parallel efforts also focused on the isolation of DENV RNA from plasma samples of the same patients, which were processed for next-generation sequencing. RESULTS: It was possible to isolate 64 clinical isolates of DENV, mostly DENV-2. Twenty-five of these were further used for growth curve analysis in vitro, which showed a wide range of replication kinetics. The highest viral titers were associated with isolates from patients with dengue with warning signs and severe dengue cases. Full genome sequences of 21 DENV isolates were obtained. Genome analysis mapped the circulating DENV-2 strains to the Cosmopolitan genotype. CONCLUSIONS: The replication kinetics of isolates from patients with mild or severe infection did not differ significantly, but the viral titers varied by two orders of magnitude between the isolates, suggesting differences in replication fitness among the circulating DENV-2.

Removal of toxic heavy metal lead (II) using chitosan oligosaccharide-graft-maleic anhydride/polyvinyl alcohol/silk fibroin composite.

The present work was aimed to investigate the efficiency of novel chitosan oligosaccharide-graft-maleic anhydride(COS-g-MAH)/Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/silk fibroin (SF) composite for removing the toxic heavy metal lead (II) ion from aqueous solution by batch adsorption studies. Initially the chitosan oligosaccharide-graft-maleic anhydride copolymer has been prepared by utilizing ceric ammonium nitrate as an initiator and the optimised graft copolymer was then used for synthesizing COS-g-MAH/PVA/SF composite. The prepared samples were analyzed through FTIR and XRD studies. The FTIR results indicate that the grafted chitosan oligosaccharide copolymer was mixed homogeneously with silk fibroin and polyvinyl alcohol through intermolecular hydrogen bonding. The XRD results elucidate the changes in the crystalline behaviour of the prepared COS-g-MAH/PVA/silk fibroin composite. Both FTIR and XRD results revealed a strong interaction among COS-g-MAH, PVA and silk fibroin components. To evaluate the adsorption potential of the synthesized composite, the parameters such as pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and initial Pb(II)ion concentration was investigated. The adsorption isotherms of Pb(II) could be described very well by Langmuir model and the kinetic results revealed that pseudo second order kinetics shows a better fit. This work provides a practical and high-efficient method for water treatment at moderate concentration of toxic heavy metals.

Adsorption Studies of Lead(II) from aqueous solution onto Nanochitosan /Polyurethane /Polypropylene glycol ternary blends.

Chitosan is one of the most abundant natural biopolymer after cellulose. Nanochitosan (NCS) was prepared from chitosan by ionic gelation method with sodium tripolyphosphate. Polyurethanes (PU) find wide range of applications as good materials for the concentration and removal of both organic and inorganic pollutants because of their high efficiency for sorption of various ionic and neutral materials. Polypropylene glycol (PPG) is a family of long chain polymers attached to a glycerine backbone. The present project deals with the aims in exploiting the positive behaviour of the three polymers by preparing a ternary blends of NCS/PU/PPG(1:1:1) ratio. Batch adsorption process was carried out using prepared ternary blend of various parameters influencing the Pb(II) adsorption such as initial concentration of the metal solutions, pH, agitation time and adsorbent concentrations have been studied. The characterization of the prepared sample was carried out using FTIR, XRD, TGA, DSC and SEM studies. Langmuir, Freundlich and Tempkin isotherm parameters have been determined. Adsorption kinetic data were tested using pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order and Elovich model. The kinetics of the adsorption was found to fit the pseudo-second order model. The present work proves the suitability of the ternary blend as an effective adsorbent for Pb(II).