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We conducted a large-sample study in six midwifery centres to estimate the effectiveness of Moderate Perineal Protection technique during spontaneous delivery. 31,249 women accepted the traditional technique were selected as control group, and 57,056 women accepted the Moderate Perineal Protection technique as the observation group. There was no significant difference in demographic characteristics between the two groups. The perineal episiotomy rate decreased (22.913% vs. 32.161%, p < .05), the perineal integrity significantly increased (43.505% vs. 36.384%, p < .05) and perineal trauma reduced in the observation group when compared to the control group (54.630% vs. 61.239% in first degree tears, and 1.826% vs. 2.340% in second degree tears, p < .05). The neonatal asphyxia rate in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (p < .05). The observation group also had a higher rate of total satisfaction, lower VAS score for perineal pain, shorter postpartum hospitalisation days, lower rate of postpartum urinary retention and postpartum incontinence (p < .05). We concluded that the Moderate Perineal Protection technique is safe, effective and worth promoting widely.Impact statementWhat is already known on this subject? In order to reduce the episiotomy rate and reduce perineal injury, some researches have been carried out and some perineal techniques have been evaluated, but there are still many aspects to improve.What the results of this study add? Moderate Perineal Protection technique can effectively reduce episiotomy rate, protect perineal integrity, improve neonatal outcomes and increase maternal satisfaction.What the implications are of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? The Moderate Perineal Protection technique is an effective and safe technique worth clinical promoting widely. Further research could focus on the long-term effects of Moderate Perineal Protection technique, such as pelvic floor injury and long-term mother-child outcomes.
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Parto Obstétrico/métodos , Episiotomía/estadística & datos numéricos , Partería/métodos , Complicaciones del Trabajo de Parto/prevención & control , Perineo/lesiones , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Trabajo de Parto/fisiología , Embarazo , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To determine midwives' preference for "Hands-on" and "Hands-off/poised" methods and to explore the impact factors. BACKGROUND: With the increasing rate of obstetric anal sphincter injuries, great controversy surrounds the "Hands-on" or "Hands-off" method during childbirth to decrease obstetric anal sphincter injuries incidence. Without regular records and related research, determining the use of this technique in China is difficult. DESIGN: This study used a quantitative study design, following the EQUATOR guidelines (STROBE). METHODS: A nationwide cross-sectional online survey was conducted using respondent-driven sampling across 31 provinces in China from 1st October 2017-31st December 2017. A total of 6,425 midwives were involved. Descriptive analyses, chi-square test and binary logistic regression were undertaken. RESULTS: A total of 5,225 questionnaires were returned; 55.8% of the participants preferred the "Hands-off/poised" method. The impact factors included hospital categories, total work experience in a birth unit in years, theoretical education and skill training. In the study, for situations with increased OASI risk, 100% of the midwives in the "Hands-off" group expressed willingness to change to the "Hands-on" method whether there was concern about impending obstetric anal sphincter injuries. CONCLUSION: The "Hands-off/poised" method is heavily practised by Chinese midwives. However, majority of the midwives adopt "Hands-on" method in the face of high risk for obstetric anal sphincter injuries. Further studies are needed to determine the association between obstetric anal sphincter injuries rate and perineal management for low-risk birth. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: The result indirectly illustrates the application of "Hands-off/poised" technique in China and provides evidence for the international midwifery organisation to understand the status of Chinese midwifery to some extent. It also provides the latest data for further study of these two methods and the study of the relationship between hands-off/poised method and obstetric anal sphincter injuries.
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Canal Anal/lesiones , Parto Obstétrico/efectos adversos , Laceraciones/prevención & control , Partería/métodos , Adulto , China , Estudios Transversales , Parto Obstétrico/métodos , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Perineo/lesiones , Embarazo , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
To explore features of carbohydrate metabolism and evolution of carbohydrate metabolism-associated genes in herbivorous fishes, the open reading frames (ORF) of PKL, PKMa, and PKMb genes of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) were obtained, encoding 538, 528, and 532 amino acids, respectively. Comparative genomic analysis showed that adjacent PK genes were highly conserved between fish and mammals. Gene expression profiles were quite different between the three PK genes in tissues and at developmental stages. PKL, PKMa, and PKMb had the highest expression levels in the liver, heart, and muscle, respectively. During embryogenesis, high expression levels of PKMa and PKMb were detected in unfertilized and fertilized eggs. Following a non-expression period, PKMa and PKMb exhibited high expressions again after the hatching stage. In contrast, PKL transcripts could not be detected in early developmental stages, and expression levels continued to increase from the hatching stage to 144 h post hatching. After the 8-week feeding trial with 18%, 30%, and 42% dietary carbohydrate levels, the concentrations of glucose and insulin in serum, pyruvate kinase enzymes, and gene expression levels in brain, muscle, and liver tissues all increased with the increase in carbohydrate levels in the diets. Furthermore, high carbohydrate levels (30% and 42% carbohydrate diets) had a greater effect on grass carp growth. This indicated that PKL, PKMa, and PKMb genes were not only very important in catalytic enzymes, which can be up-regulated by high carbohydrate dietary conditions, but also exhibited a complex and detailed division of labor in different tissues and developmental stages.
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Carpas/genética , Carbohidratos de la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Proteínas de Peces/genética , Piruvato Quinasa/genética , Animales , Metabolismo de los Hidratos de Carbono , Carpas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Dieta/veterinaria , Femenino , MasculinoRESUMEN
To ensure excellent dynamic and static performance of large-area, off-axis three-mirror anastigmat (TMA)-space cameras, and to realize a lighter weight for the entire system, a truss support structure design is applied in this study. In contrast to traditional methods, this paper adopts topology optimization based on the solid isotropic materials with penalization method on the truss structure design. Through reasonable object function and constraint choice, optimal topology results that have concerned the effect of gravity in the X, Y, and Z axis are achieved. Subsequently, the initial truss structure is designed based on the results and manufacturing technology. Moreover, to reduce the random vibration response of the secondary mirror and fold mirror without mechanical performance decline of the whole truss, a weighted optimization of truss size is proposed and the final truss structure is achieved. Finite element analysis and experiments have confirmed the reliability of the design and optimization method. The designed truss-structure camera maintains excellent static performance with the relative optical axis angle between the primary mirror and corresponding mirrors (secondary mirror and fold mirror) being less than 5.3 in. Dynamic performances, such as random and sinusoidal vibration responses, also met the requirements that the acceleration RMS value for mount points of the fold mirror should be less than 20 g and the primary frequency reached 97.2 Hz.
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Metastasis is the leading cause of death in patients with breast cancer and aberrantly expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) are highly associated with this process. A previous study has shown that miR-335 is downregulated in breast cancer and can suppress tumor invasion and metastasis. Emerging evidences indicate that c-Met is implicated in cell scattering, migration, and invasion. However, little is known about the relationship between miR-335 expression and c-Met alteration in breast cancer. In the present study, we found that miR-335 expression was downregulated and c-Met protein expression was upregulated in two human breast cell lines. MiR-335 was found to negatively regulate c-Met protein level by directly targeting its 3' untranslated region (UTR). Forced expression of miR-335 decreased c-Met expression at protein levels and consequently diminished hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-induced phosphorylation of c-Met and subsequently inhibited HGF promotion of breast cancer cell migration in a c-Met-dependent manner. MiR-335 expression was increased after 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-AZA-CdR) treatment, and 5-AZA-CdR treatment resulted in the same phenotype as the effect of miR-335 overexpression. Taken together, these results demonstrate that miR-335 suppresses breast cancer cell migration by negatively regulating the HGF/c-Met pathway.
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Neoplasias de la Mama/genética , Factor de Crecimiento de Hepatocito/metabolismo , MicroARNs/biosíntesis , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-met/biosíntesis , Azacitidina/administración & dosificación , Azacitidina/análogos & derivados , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Movimiento Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Proliferación Celular/genética , Decitabina , Femenino , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Células MCF-7 , MicroARNs/genética , Invasividad Neoplásica/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-met/genéticaRESUMEN
A systematic review was undertaken, including studies that evaluated the incidence of the blood system adverse events of Tripterygium wilfordii (TWP). Medline, Embase and the Cochrane library were searched for relevant studies, including RCT, cohort studies and case series, of patients treated with TWP published in English and Chinese from inception up until May 25th, 2013 with the keywords including "Tripterygium wilfordii", "toxicity", "reproductive", "side effect", "adverse", "safety" and "tolerability". Relevant information was extracted and the incidence of the blood system adverse events was pooled with MetaAnalyst software. Besides, subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed based on age, mode of medicine, observation time and disease system. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 49 articles were included in the meta-analysis, they were split into 54 researches incorporated in the analysis. There is a large degree of heterogeneity among the studies, so data was analyzed using random-effects model and the summary estimates of incidence of the blood system adverse events was 6.1%. The weighted combined incidence of three major blood system adverse events were white-blood cells decreasing 5.6% (95% CI, 4.3% - 7.3%), hemoglobin decreasing 1.7% (95% CI, 0.5% - 5.0%) and platelet decreasing 1.8% (95% CI, 1.0% - 3.1%), respectively . Sensitivity analyses based on 45 studies with high quality showed the combined value was close to the summary estimate of total 54 studies. The current evidence indicates that the incidence of the blood system adverse events induced by TWP was high; attentions should be paid on to the prevention and treatment of the blood system adverse events.
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Células Sanguíneas/efectos de los fármacos , Tripterygium/efectos adversos , Hemoglobinas/análisis , HumanosRESUMEN
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) photocatalytic technology has the advantages of high catalytic activity, high chemical stability, nontoxicity, and low cost. Therefore, it finds widespread applications in the degradation of organic pollutants in water, antibacterial, environmental purification, and other fields. In this study, we have obtained a photocatalyst by modifying nanoTiO2 with the photosensitizer thioxanthone. The light-harvesting units of thioxanthone and nanoTiO2 can work synergistically to capture light energy. As a heterogeneous photocatalytic material, it can efficiently degrade organic dyes such as Rhodamine B, methyl blue and methyl orange. Specifically, the degradation rate of 0.1 mmol/L Rhodamine B can reach 97% after 35 min of irradiation, and methyl blue and methyl orange can also reach 98 and 56%, respectively.
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Purpose: The present retrospective study aimed to explore the relationship between pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer in the population cohort of the UK Biobank (UKB) (https://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk). Methods: From the 500 thousand population cohort of UKB, according to the age and gender of patients with pancreatic cancer 1:10, matching the control without pancreatic cancer, the binary Logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer, and subgroup analyses were used to identify potential effect modifiers. Results: A total of 1538 patients with pancreatic cancer were compared with 15â 380 controls. In the fully adjusted model, patients with pancreatitis had a significantly increased risk of pancreatic cancer compared with no pancreatitis. The risk of pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer increased with the age of pancreatitis, and the risk of pancreatic cancer was highest in the 61 to 70 age group. In addition, in the first 3 years of acute pancreatitis, the risk of pancreatic cancer increased significantly with the increase in the duration of the disease (odds ratio [OR] 29.13, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 16.34-51.93), after 3 years, the trend of increase decreased. After more than 10 years, there was no significant correlation between the risk of acute pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. However, patients with chronic pancreatitis were significantly associated with an increased risk of pancreatic cancer only in the first 3 years (OR 28.14, 95% CI: 14.86-53.31). Conclusion: Pancreatitis may associate with an increased risk of pancreatic cancer. The older the age of pancreatitis, the higher the risk of pancreatic cancer. The risk of pancreatic cancer increases significantly in the first 3 years of the course of pancreatitis. This may provide an alternative strategy for the early identification of individuals at high risk of pancreatic cancer.
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Neoplasias Pancreáticas , Pancreatitis , Humanos , Pancreatitis/complicaciones , Pancreatitis/epidemiología , Factores de Riesgo , Estudios Retrospectivos , Enfermedad Aguda , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/epidemiología , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/etiología , Neoplasias PancreáticasRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Cataracts remain a prime reason for visual disturbance and blindness all over the world, despite the capacity for successful surgical replacement with artificial lenses. Diabetic cataract (DC), a metabolic complication, usually occurs at an earlier age and progresses faster than age-related cataracts. Evidence has linked N6-methyladenosine (m6A) to DC progression. However, there exists a lack of understanding regarding RNA m6A modifications and the role of m6A in DC pathogenesis. AIM: To elucidate the role played by altered m6A and differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs) in DC. METHODS: Anterior lens capsules were collected from the control subjects and patients with DC. M6A epitranscriptomic microarray was performed to investigate the altered m6A modifications and determine the DEmRNAs. Through Gene Ontology and pathway enrichment (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) analyses, the potential role played by dysregulated m6A modification was predicted. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was further carried out to identify the dysregulated expression of RNA methyltransferases, demethylases, and readers. RESULTS: Increased m6A abundance levels were found in the total mRNA of DC samples. Bioinformatics analysis predicted that ferroptosis pathways could be associated with m6A-modified mRNAs. The levels of five methylation-related genes-RBM15, WTAP, ALKBH5, FTO, and YTHDF1-were upregulated in DC samples. Upregulation of RBM15 expression was verified in SRA01/04 cells with high-glucose medium and in samples from DC patients. CONCLUSION: M6a mRNA modifications may be involved in DC progression via the ferroptosis pathway, rendering novel insights into therapeutic strategies for DC.
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It is essential for energy storage and conversion systems to construct electrodes and electrocatalysts with superior performance. In this work, ZnCo2S4@Ni(OH)2 nanowire arrays are synthesized on nickel foam by hydrothermal methods. As a supercapacitor electrode, the ZnCo2S4@Ni(OH)2 structure exhibits a specific capacitance of 1,263.0C g-1 at 1 A g-1. The as-fabricated ZnCo2S4@Ni(OH)2//active carbon device can achieve a maximum energy density of 115.4 Wh kg-1 at a power density of 5,400 W kg-1. As electrocatalysts, the ZnCo2S4@Ni(OH)2 structure delivers outstanding performance for oxygen evolution reaction (an overpotential of 256.3 mV at 50 mA cm-2), hydrogen evolution reaction (141.7 mV at 10 mA cm-2), overall water splitting (the cell voltage of 1.53 V at 50 mA cm-2), and a high stability for 13 h.
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OBJECTIVE: To analyze the etiology and clinical manifestations of 70 patients with hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD). METHODS: The viral RNA from the pharynx swab samples were extracted and collected from 70 HFMD patients (of which, 60 cases were under 5 years old) to detect the 5'-UTR gene of EV, the Vp3-Vp1 genes of EV71 and Cox-A16 by utilizing the technique of RT-PCR. RESULTS: Of 70 HFMD patients, 30 cases (42.8%, 30/70) were positive in enterovirus nucleic acid, including EV71 and Cox-A16, pharynx swab sample testing. While, of the enteroviral pathogen RNA-positive 30 cases, EV71 accounted for 66.7% (20/30). The proportion of etiological positive of 39 samples collected within 4 days after onset was 66.7% (26/39), but the probability of 31 samples collected after more than 5 days after onset was 12.9% (4/31), the difference was significantly (chi(2) = 20.4, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: HFMD patients were mainly infants and young children between 0-5 years old, but adults could also be attacked. The enterovirus detected was mainly EV71, and the pharynx swab samples should be collected within 4 days after onset to increase the related viral nucleic acid positive detection probability.
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Enterovirus/genética , Enfermedad de Boca, Mano y Pie/etiología , Enfermedad de Boca, Mano y Pie/virología , ARN Viral/análisis , Adolescente , Adulto , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa , Serotipificación , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
For goldfish (Carassius auratus), there are many varieties with different eye phenotypes due to artificial selection and adaptive evolution. Dragon eye is a variant eye characterized by a large-size eyeball protruding out of the socket similar to the eye of dragon in Chinese legends. In this study, anatomical structure of the goldfish dragon eye was compared with that of the common eye, and a stretching of the retina was observed in the enlarged dragon eye. Moreover, the homeobox-containing transcription factor Six3 cDNAs were cloned from the two types of goldfish, and the expression patterns were analyzed in both normal eye and dragon eye goldfish. No amino acid sequence differences were observed between the two deduced peptides, and the expression pattern of Six3 protein in dragon eye is quite similar to common eye during embryogenesis, but from 2 days after hatching, ectopic Six3 expression began to occur in the dragon eye, especially in the outer nuclear layer cells. With eye development, more predominant Six3 distribution was detected in the outer nuclear layer cells of dragon eye than that of normal eye, and fewer cell-layers in outer nuclear layer were observed in dragon eye retina than in normal eye retina. The highlight of this study is that higher Six3 expression occurs in dragon eye goldfish than in normal eye goldfish during retinal development of larvae.
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Proteínas del Ojo/genética , Ojo/metabolismo , Carpa Dorada/genética , Proteínas de Homeodominio/genética , Proteínas del Tejido Nervioso/genética , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Secuencia de Bases , Clonación Molecular , Ojo/anatomía & histología , Ojo/embriología , Proteínas del Ojo/metabolismo , Regulación del Desarrollo de la Expresión Génica , Carpa Dorada/embriología , Carpa Dorada/metabolismo , Proteínas de Homeodominio/metabolismo , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Proteínas del Tejido Nervioso/metabolismo , Homología de Secuencia de Aminoácido , Distribución Tisular , Regulación hacia Arriba , Proteína Homeobox SIX3RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical effects and explore the mechanism of the integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine in treating atopic dermatitis (AD). METHODS: Forty-seven patients with AD were randomly assigned to two groups, the control group and the treated group, they were treated with conventional Western medicine (10 mg Loratadine tablet, once daily) and with integrated medicine additionally given modified Jiawei Danggui Decection besides Western medicine respectively for 4 weeks. Double-sandwich ELISA was used to detect the levels of interleukin- 4, -10 and -12 (IL-4, IL-10 and IL-12) before and after treatment. RESULTS: The total effective rate in the treated group was 56% (14/25 cases), better than that in the control group (22.7%, 5/22 cases), showing significant difference between the two groups (X2 = 5.38, P < 0.05). Before treatment the serum levels of IL-4, IL-10 were significantly higher and level of IL-12 was lower in AD patients as compared with those in healthy persons (P < 0.01); they all restored to normal in the treated group after treatment but unchanged in the control group, showing significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The clinical effect of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine is ascertainable, its mechanism might be associated with the regulation on related cytokines.
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Dermatitis Atópica/tratamiento farmacológico , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/uso terapéutico , Loratadina/uso terapéutico , Adolescente , Adulto , Citocinas/sangre , Dermatitis Atópica/sangre , Quimioterapia Combinada , Femenino , Humanos , Medicina Integrativa , Masculino , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Pelteobagrus intermedius is a unique freshwater fish native species in the Hainan Island and Guangxi and other water systems of China. In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of P. intermedius was determined from whole genome Illumina sequencing data. The total length of the mtDNA was 16,532 bp, including 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, and a non-coding control region. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that the P. intermedius is closely related to Tachysurus fulvidraco. The results will serve as a helpful reference for further studies on the conservation genetics of genus Pelteobagrus.
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OBJECTIVE: To study the significance of anti-soluble liver antigen/liver-pancreas (anti-SLA/LP) in diagnosing and typing autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). METHODS: Six thousand patients with abnormal liver functions, who had their autoantibodies checked by immunofluorescent assay (IFA) and immune blotting assay, were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: Of these 6000 patients with liver diseases, 84 were diagnosed AIH. Eighteen patients, 0.3% of the 6000, patients with abnormal liver functions, were SLA/LP antibody positive, of which 17 were with AIH-III [2/17 with AIH /primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) overlap syndrome], and 1 with chronic hepatitis B. Sensitivity and specificity of SLA/LP antibody in diagnosing AIH were 20.2% and 99.7% respectively, and the positive prediction value was 94.44%. The antinuclear antibody (ANA) titer in the AIH-III group was significantly lower than that of the AIH-I group (P < 0.05). The age of patients with anti-SLA/LP was higher (58.8% were over 50 years old) than those without this antibody (52.2% were 30 to 50 years old). There were no significant differences between the type III and type I AIH regarding gender, age, abnormal degree of liver function, PTA, IgG, liver cirrhosis rates and response to immunosuppressive therapy. CONCLUSION: Anti-SLA/LP is highly specific for diagnosing AIH. Comparing the clinical data of type III and type I AIH, we did not find significant differences between the two groups.
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Autoanticuerpos/inmunología , Autoantígenos/inmunología , Hepatitis Autoinmune/inmunología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Hepatitis Autoinmune/diagnóstico , Humanos , Inmunoglobulina G/inmunología , Inmunofenotipificación , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Estudios Retrospectivos , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a subtype of head and neck cancer with a relatively poor prognosis. The mechanisms underlying the initiation and progression of OSCC are complex and not yet fully understood; however, this information is critical for developing novel therapeutic targets and improving patient outcome. Rab14, a Ras related protein, has been implicated in multiple forms of cancer. In the present study, we confirmed that Rab14 is overexpression in human OSCC tissue, compared with normal oral mucosa samples. In addition, knockdown of Rab14 exerted potent anti-tumor effects by repressing the proliferation and migration of OSCC cell lines. Moreover, knockdown of Rab14 reduced the expression of Cyclin D1 and CXCR4, at the level of protein and mRNA, both in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, abrogation of Rab14 enhanced cisplatin sensitivity in OSCC cells in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, our data provides evidence for Rab14 as a potential therapeutic target in OSCC treatment.
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A simple, rapid and inexpensive fluorimetric method for simultaneously determining ASA and SA in a single scan of the co-existing specimen had been established. When the wavelength interval (delta lambda) is 80 nm for scaning, the amounts of ASA and AS could be quantitatively determined respectively. The fluorescence intensity was linearly related to the aspirin concentration in the range of 4.0 x 10(-6)-1.0 x 10(-4) mol x L(-1) with correlation coefficient 0.9949; the fluorescence intensity was linearly related to the salicyclic acid concentration in the range of 8.0 x 10(-7)-1.0 x 10(-4) mol x L(-1) with correlation coefficient 0.9975, the determination limit was 4.0 x 10(-7) mol x L(-1). The method is simple, rapid and inexpensive, it can be used for medicament analysis.
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Aspirina/análisis , Salicilatos/análisis , Espectrometría de Fluorescencia/métodos , Reproducibilidad de los ResultadosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the heterogeneity of human breast cancer cells, their influence on biological behavior of tumor cells and clinical implications. METHODS: The subpopulations of MCF-7 breast cancer cells were isolated by Percoll gradient centrifugation. DNA content and cell cycle distribution were detected with flow cytometry. Tumor chemosensitivity analysis was performed with MTT assay. RESULTS: Heterogeneity was observed in DNA content and cell cycle distribution among four subpopulations of breast cancer cells, which were related to their proliferation ability and chemosensitivity results. CONCLUSION: Hereditary instability and intrinsic characteristics of most tumor cells, not only lead to tumor progression and heterogeneity but also cause the loss of monoclonality and the generation of subclones. Further study on some profiles of tumor heterogeneity such as DNA content, cell cycle distribution and their influence on tumor proliferation and chemosensitivity may very well improve the clinical treatment.
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Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Neoplasias de la Mama/tratamiento farmacológico , Ciclo Celular , División Celular , Línea Celular Tumoral , Centrifugación por Gradiente de Densidad , ADN de Neoplasias/análisis , Femenino , HumanosRESUMEN
Crop productivity is greatly affected by soil salinity; therefore, improvement in salinity tolerance of crops is a major goal in salt-tolerant breeding. The Salt Overly Sensitive (SOS) signal-transduction pathway plays a key role in ion homeostasis and salt tolerance in plants. Here, we report that overexpression of Arabidopsis thaliana SOS1+SOS2+SOS3 genes enhanced salt tolerance in tall fescue. The transgenic plants displayed superior growth and accumulated less Na+ and more K+ in roots after 350 mM NaCl treatment. Moreover, Na+ enflux, K+ influx, and Ca2+ influx were higher in the transgenic plants than in the wild-type plants. The activities of the enzyme superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, and proline content in the transgenic plants were significantly increased; however, the malondialdehyde content decreased in transgenic plants compared to the controls. These results suggested that co-expression of A. thaliana SOS1+SOS2+SOS3 genes enhanced the salt tolerance in transgenic tall fescue.
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Arabidopsis/genética , Festuca/genética , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente , Tolerancia a la Sal/genética , Southern Blotting , Festuca/fisiología , Expresión GénicaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Invasive aspergillosis (IA), which is mainly caused by Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus), is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. Despite considerable progress in currently available antifungals the mortality still remains high in critically ill patients. U0126 which is a highly selective inhibitor of MEK1 and MEK2 in the RAF/MEK/ERK pathway in mammalian cells has been demonstrated to have an anti-proliferative role in cancer cells. The purpose of this study was to explore the role of U0126 on growth inhibition and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in A. fumigatus. METHODS: Germination percentage and hyphae growth in A. fumigatus treated with U0126 were observed and compared with untreated controls. Western blotting analysis was used to detect changes in activation of SakA, MpkA and MpkB. RESULTS: U0126 inhibited germination and hyphae growth in A. fumigatus and enhanced the phosphorylation of SakA and MpkA under oxidative stress. U0126 at 10 µmol/L did not block the activation of MpkB during nitrogen starvation stress. CONCLUSION: U0126 shows promise as an antifungal candidate and the MAPK pathway may be a possible antifungal drug target for A. fumigatus.