[Effect of paeoniflorin and menthol on membrane fluidity, Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase activity and Ca²âº-ATPase activity during transport of puerarin in Calu-3 cell].

The aim of this research is to investigate the effects of paeoniflorin and menthol on the physiological function of Calu-3 cell membrane during the transport of puerarin. Calu-3 cell was used as the in vitro cell model to simulate nasal mucosa tissues, and the cell membrane fluidity, Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase activity and Ca²âº-ATPase activity were detected by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching(FRAP) and ultramicro enzyme activity testing, in order to explore the mechanism of compatible drugs on promoting puerarin transport. The results showed that when puerarin associated with low, middle and high concentration of menthol or both paeoniflorin and menthol, the fluorescence recovery rate was increased significantly, while Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase activity had no significant change and Ca²âº-ATPase activity was enhanced significantly as compared with puerarin alone. Therefore, it was concluded that menthol had the abilit of promoting the transport and the mechanism might be related to increasing membrane fluidity and activating Ca²âº-ATPase.

[Intestinal absorption of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma extract combined with Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma in rats].

To investigate the changes in intestinal absorption of ginsenosides Rg1, ginsenosides Re and ginsenosides Rd after combined administration of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma extract and Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma, in order to confirm whether the combined administration is scientific and rational, and provide experimental basis for pharmaceutical studies of the formula. An in vivo single-pass perfusion method was performed to study the effect of various concentrations of ginsenosides Rg1, ginsenosides Re, ginsenosides Rd on the intestinal absorption at duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon. The concentrations of ginsenosides Rg1, ginsenosides Re, ginsenosides Rd were determined by RP-HPLC.The absorption rate constant (Ka) and the apparent absorption coefficient(Papp) of ginsenosides Rg1, ginsenosides Re, ginsenosides Rd were calculated.The result showed that ginsenosides Rg1, ginsenosides Re, ginsenosides Rd had a high absorption rate on upper portion of the small intestine. The drug concentration had not significantly impact on the absorption rate, suggesting that ginsenosides Rg1, ginsenosides Re, ginsenosides Rd were absorbed via passive diffusion.Volatile oil of Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma had obvious effect in enhancing intestinal absorption of ginsenosides Rg1, ginsenosides Re, ginsenosides Rd, indicating that the combined administration of Ginseng extract and Acorus tatarinowii Schott is scientific and rational.

[In vitro and in vivo recoveries of cutaneous micro-dialysis probe of paeonol, eugenol and piperine].

To establish a method for detecting micro-dialysis recovery of paeonol, eugenol and piperine in Huoxue Zhitong patch, in order to provide the basis for further percutaneous pharmacokinetics studies. The concentrations of paeonol, eugenol and piperine in dialysates were determined by HPLC, and probe deliveries were calculated respectively. The effects of concentration and calibration approaches on the micro-dialysis probe deliveries of the three components were investigated, and their probe absorbability, in vitro and in vivo probe stability and repeatability were also studied.The results indicated that little paeonol, eugenol and piperine were observed in probes with 30% alcohol as the perfusate, and could be cleaned from probe in a short time. And the in vivo and in vitro probe deliveries of three components were stable within 8 h, drug-containing solution and blank perfusate were alternatively used for three times, and the in vivo and in vitro probe deliveries of three components were basically unchanged. The in vitro recoveries of paeonol, eugenol and piperine with a range of concentration were respectively (45.7±4.66)%, (27.82±2.95)%, (41.3±3.96)%, which indicated no concentration independent. Under the same conditions, the similar delivery was observed by dialysis, retrodialysis and no-net flux. Therefore, the concentrations of analyses of the collected fraction could be calibrated by in vitro or in vivo recoveries. Meanwhile, this also proved that the micro-dialysis method built by this study is applicable to the study on percutaneous pharmacokinetics of Huoxue Zhitong patch.

Is extracorporeal shock wave therapy clinical efficacy for relief of chronic, recalcitrant plantar fasciitis? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized placebo or active-treatment controlled trials.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) and provide clinicians with an evidence base for their clinical decision making. DATA SOURCES: PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Evidence-Based Medicine Reviews. STUDY SELECTION: All randomized or quasi-randomized controlled trials of ESWT for chronic recalcitrant plantar fasciitis were searched. Searching identified 108 potentially relevant articles; of these, 7 studies with 550 participants met inclusion criteria. DATA EXTRACTION: Number of patients, population, body mass index, duration of symptoms, adverse effects, blinding method, and details of shockwave therapy were extracted. DATA SYNTHESIS: For intervention success rate, ESWT of low intensity was more effective than control treatment of low intensity. For pain relief, the pooled data showed a significant difference between the ESWT and control groups. For function, only low-intensity ESWT was significantly superior over the control treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The efficacy of low-intensity ESWT is worthy of recognition. The short-term pain relief and functional outcomes of this treatment are satisfactory. However, owing to the lack of a long-term follow-up, its long-term efficacy remains unknown.

A Bibliometric Analysis and Visualization of Current Research Trends in Chinese Medicine for Osteosarcoma.

BACKGROUND: To illustrate the research framework, overall knowledge structure, and development trends of Chinese medicine (CM) treatment for osteosarcoma (OS) by using a bibliometric analysis and newly developed visualization tools. METHODS: Research datasets were acquired from the Web of Science (WOS) database from January 1, 1980 to September 30, 2019. VOS viewer and Citespace software was used to analyze the data and generate visualization knowledge maps. Annual trends of publications, distribution of institutes, distribution of journals, citation and H-index status, co-authorship status, research hotspots and co-citation status were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 223 publications in the WOS database met the requirement. The number of published articles showed a rise but the citation frequency and the H-index of China were relatively low. The cooperation between the countries, institutes and authors were relatively weak. Most publications were basic researches. Most of the previous researches focused on basic mechanisms of CM in treating OS, and therapy and improvement of dosage form may become a frontier in this research field. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with other fields, the field of CM treatment for osteosarcome is still in infancy. The distribution of researches is imbalanced and cooperation between countries, institutions and authors remains to be strengthened. Furthermore, basic research occupies an absolute dominant position, and the exploration of the molecular mechanism of CM in preventing and treating OS may become a key point in the future.

[Surgical treatment and prognosis of aneurysmal bone cyst in mobile spine].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of surgical treatment and prognosis of aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) in mobile spine. METHODS: A total of 12 patients with ABC were operated on from 1996 to 2006, and the clinical data were retrospectively reviewed. The patients included 7 male and 5 female, aged from 16 to 52 years (mean, 29 years). Surgical interventions were selected according to WBB criteria. Seven patients underwent total spondylectomy, four underwent resection of posterior arch, one patient received sagittal resection only. Anti-poster or post-lateral approach reconstruction with bone-graft or bone cement and transpedicular screws fixation were performed in the cases. Eight cases received radiotherapy after the operation. RESULTS: The mean operation blood lose was 3210 ml. The patients were followed-up for 10 to 116 months (mean, 41.8 months). Seven patients got complete recover of spinal cord function, 4 patients experienced local recurrence in 1-2 years post operation. One patient died of multiple metastasis of chondrosarcoma after radiotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: ABC in spine is an aggressive disease with high local recurrence rate. Enbloc if possible provides the best result, with excellent prognosis. Radiotherapy should be selected carefully.

Evaluating the Reliability and Reproducibility of the AO and Lauge-Hansen Classification Systems for Ankle Injuries.

Ankle injuries are responsible for more than 5 million emergency department visits each year. The AO and Lauge-Hansen classification systems are widely used in the clinical diagnosis of ankle injuries. This study aimed to analyze the intraobserver reliability and interobserver reproducibility of the AO and Lauge-Hansen classification systems. In addition, the authors explored the differences among physicians' classification responses and evaluated the clinical value for diagnosis. Fifty-six patients with an ankle injury with complete clinical and radiologic data were enrolled. The definition of injury type, the index score typing methods, and the specific study criteria were explained in detail. Five observers, who were orthopedic surgeons, determined the classifications according to both the AO and Lauge-Hansen systems. The classification was repeated 1 month later. Cronbach's alpha and Cohen's kappa test were used to determine interobserver reliability and intraobserver reproducibility. The physicians conducted 560 classifications (56 cases × 5 physicians × 2 times per patient). Average inter- and intraobserver kappa values for the AO system were 0.708 and 0.608, respectively. Average inter- and intraobserver kappa values for the Lauge-Hansen system were 0.402 and 0.398, respectively. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 96.7% for the AO system and 76.0% for the Lauge-Hansen system. The Lauge-Hansen classification system is a comprehensive yet cumbersome system. Comparatively, the AO classification system is easier to understand. This study shows that the AO classification system has more reliability and reproducibility, and thus has more value in clinical practice, than the Lauge-Hansen classification system.

[Analysis of correlation between the cervical spinal cord compression and the change of cervical intervertebral disc space, curvature of cervical vertebrae].

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the correlation between the degree of cervical spinal cord compression and gender, age, height of intervertebral space and the abnormality curvature of cervical vertebrae. The multivariable linear regression was used to build the prediction model of cervical spinal cord compression. METHODS: One hundred and twenty patients with cervical spondylosis were divided into 4 groups according to the degree of spinal cord compression. To measure the sagittal diameter of spinal cord (a) and medulla-pons junction (M) in MRI individually, and then calculate the ratio of a/M; according to the ratio to evaluate the degree of cervical spinal cord compression. In X-ray films to measure the height and angle of intervertebral space, curvature of cervical vertebrae (according to Borden's method and double line method of C2-7 Cobb angle to abtain data of curvature of cervical vertebrae). To performe linear regression and multiple linear regression to analyze the correlation above the data and build the prediction model of cervical spinal cord compression. RESULTS: (1) With the exacerbation of cervical spinal cord compression, all measured data gradually decreased; there was significant difference in the anterior height and angle of intervertebral space, the ratio of a/M between any two groups (P < 0.05). (2) The ratio of a/M showed positive corrrelation with the anterior height of intervertebral space (R = 0.296, P < 0.001) and the curvature of cervical vertebrae (are to chord distance, R = 0.241, P < 0.001), but showed negative corrrelation with the proportion of cervical spinal cord compression (R = -0.821, P < 0.001); Borden's method are to chord distance) showed positive correlation with the double line method of C2-7 Cobb angle (R = 0.840, P < 0.001). The predictive equation of the ratio of a/M by multiple linear regression was obtained, and the F = 8.959, R = 0.434, P < 0.001, in which the age, the anterior height of intervertebral space and the curvature of cervical vertebrae were risk factors of cervical spinal cord compression. CONCLUSION: The ratio of a/M can be a standard to evaluate degree of cervical spinal cord compression; the changes of the height of intervertebral disc, curvature of cervical vertebrae in X-ray films maybe have values to predict the degree of cervical spinal cord compression.