A Tomato-Free Period Delays and Reduces Begomovirus Disease in Processing Tomato Fields in a Complex Agroecosystem in Central Brazil.

A mandatory tomato-free period (TFP) was implemented in the state of Goiás, Brazil, in 2007 to help manage diseases caused by whitefly-transmitted begomoviruses. The impact of the TFP was examined in five locations across three states in Central Brazil from 2013 to 2016. Surveys revealed significant differences in begomovirus disease incidence among locations, i.e., low in Guaíra-TFP and Patos de Minas-TFP; moderate-high in Itaberaí-TFP and Morrinhos-TFP; and high in the non-TFP (NTFP) control, Cristalina-NTFP. PCR tests and DNA sequencing were used to validate the symptoms and showed that all collected symptomatic plant samples were infected with tomato severe rugose virus (ToSRV), a common indigenous bipartite begomovirus. Early season surveys (20 to 40 days after transplants [DAT]) in Itaberaí-TFP and Morrinhos-TFP revealed significantly less begomovirus disease in fields established sooner after the TFP (0 to 2 months) compared with incidences in (i) equivalent early planted fields in the Cristalina-NTFP control and (ii) fields established longer after the end of the TFP (>2 to 5 months). Whitefly infestation of crops was detected year-round in all locations and years, and all tested adults were classified in the Bemisia tabaci MEAM1 cryptic species. Infestation levels were significantly higher during the summer but did not vary significantly among locations. Results of monthly monitoring of adult whiteflies for general begomovirus and ToSRV were positively correlated and were indicators of disease incidence in the field. Notably, ToSRV was not detected in whiteflies collected from nontomato plants during the TFP, and there was a longer lag period before detection in whiteflies collected from processing tomatoes for Itaberaí-TFP and Morrinhos-TFP compared with Cristalina-NTFP. Taken together with the low levels of ToSRV infection detected in potential nontomato reservoir hosts at all locations, our results revealed low levels of primary inoculum during the TFP. Thus, even in a complex agroecosystem with year-round whitefly infestation of crops, the TFP was beneficial due to delayed and reduced begomovirus disease pressure during a critical stage of plant development (first month) and for favoring low levels of primary inoculum. Thus, we concluded that the TFP should be part of a regional integrated pest management (IPM) program targeting ToSRV in Brazil.

Unique RNA 2 sequences of two Brazilian isolates of Pepper ringspot virus, a tobravirus.

Pepper ringspot virus (PepRSV) is a tobravirus reported only in Brazil. Here, the sequences of the complete RNA 2 segments and the 3' end of the RNA 1 genomic regions of two new isolates from tomato plants were analyzed. The main ORF encodes the CP gene as other tobraviruses and termed ORF 1 of RNA 2. The second ORF was found only in one of the new isolates, although this gene was absent in the type isolate, CAM (collected in the 1960's). Interestingly, this ORF 2 gene did not show any nucleotide and amino acid sequence similarities with known 2b genes of tobraviruses, an essential gene of tobraviruses for nematodes-transmission. The 5'UTR sequence of RNA 2 segment of CAM isolate was previously reported showing two impaired direct repeats; however, the direct-repeats were absent in these new isolates. An additional ORF was predicted upstream of the CP gene. This putative protein possessed a transmembrane domain similar to the ORFN1 of RNA 2 of Tobacco rattle virus SYM isolate, although there was no sequence similarity. This is the first report on the diversity of the RNA 2 sequences of PepRSV.

An all-out assault on a dominant resistance gene: Local emergence, establishment, and spread of strains of tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus (TSWV) that overcome Sw-5b-mediated resistance in fresh market and processing tomatoes in California.

Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus (TSWV) causes substantial economic loss to tomato production, and the Sw-5b resistance gene is widely deployed for management. Here, we show (i) the emergence of resistance-breaking (RB) TSWV strains in processing and fresh market tomato production in California over the past ten years, and (ii) evolutionary relationships with RB strains from other areas. A specific RT-PCR test was used to show the C118Y RB strain that emerged in Fresno County in 2016 quickly became predominant in the central production area and remained so through this study. In 2021, the C118Y strain was detected in the Northern production area, and was predominant in 2022. However, in 2023, the C118Y strain was unexpectedly detected in fewer spotted wilt samples from resistant varieties. This was due to emergence of the T120N RB strain, previously known to occur in Spain. A specific RT-PCR test was developed and used to show that the T120N RB strain was predominant in Colusa and Sutter counties (detected in 75-80% of samples), and detected in ~50% of samples from Yolo County. Pathogenicity tests confirmed California isolates of the T120N strain infected Sw-5b tomato varieties and induced severe symptoms. Another RB strain, C118F, was associated with spotted wilt samples of Sw-5 varieties from fresh market tomato production in southern California. Phylogenetic analyses with complete NSm sequences revealed that the C118Y and T120N RB strains infecting resistant processing tomato in California emerged locally, whereas those from fresh market production were more closely related to isolates from Mexico. Thus, widespread deployment of this single dominant resistance gene in California has driven the local emergence of multiple RB strains in different tomato production areas and types. These results further emphasize the need for ongoing monitoring for RB strains, and identification of sources of resistance to these strains.

Sándor Ferenczi: from clinical turmoil to theoretical articulations.

The article deals with concepts proposed by Sándor Ferenczi: confusion of tongues, disavowal and progressive trauma, illustrated by a clinical example, in which excessive life experiences deeply determined the psychic construction, compromising the integrity of the self-image and the potentiality of egoic capacities. We attempt to understand the uniqueness of the patient's history, and the ethical practice of deep analytic listening.

The invasion biology of tomato begomoviruses in Costa Rica reveals neutral synergism that may lead to increased disease pressure and economic loss.

Since the late 1980s, tomato production in Costa Rica has been affected by diseases caused by whitefly-transmitted begomoviruses. The first was tomato yellow mottle virus (ToYMoV), a locally evolved New World (NW) bipartite begomovirus associated with the tomato yellow mottle disease (ToYMoD). In the late 1990s, the invasive NW bipartite tomato leaf curl Sinaloa virus (ToLCSiV) was detected in Costa Rica and has become established and associated with ToYMoD. Finally, the invasive Old World (OW) monopartite tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) was detected in Costa Rica in 2012 and has also become established and is causing tomato yellow leaf curl disease (TYLCD). In the present study, we investigated the invasion biology of these tomato-infecting begomoviruses in Costa Rica in terms of (i) their biological and genetic properties and (ii) disease symptoms and viral DNA accumulation in tomato plants having single and mixed infections. We first generated infectious DNA-A and DNA-B clones and agroinoculation systems for ToYMoV and ToLCSiV isolates recovered from archival ToYMoD samples collected in Costa Rica in 1990 and 2002, respectively. Tomato plants agroinoculated with the infectious clones of both viruses developed ToYMoD symptoms, completing Koch's postulates for ToYMoV, and showing that ToLCSiV also causes this disease. However, pseudorecombinants formed between the DNA components of these viruses were not infectious, which is consistent with independent evolution in different lineages and limits genetic interactions. Furthermore, ToYMoV is well-adapted to tomato, has a narrow host range and is mechanically transmissible. The DNA-A component has a recombination event in the hot spot area and induced a symptomless infection in agroinoculated Nicotiana benthamiana and tomato plants. Tomato plants co-infected with two or all three viruses developed more severe symptoms compared with plants infected with each virus alone. Symptoms induced by the NW bipartite ToYMoV and ToLCSiV appeared earlier (∼7 d post-inoculation [dpi]) than those induced by TYLCV (∼10 dpi), but TYLCD symptoms became predominant in single and mixed infections by 14 dpi. Viral DNA accumulation was quantified by qPCR and generally revealed a neutral synergistic interaction in which the viruses co-existed in mixed infections. A transient reduction in accumulation of ToYMoV and ToLCSiV was detected in mixed infections at 7 dpi, whereas TYLCV accumulation was not affected in mixed infections and was uniform among treatments and time points. Together our results suggest that this neutral synergistic interaction will lead to increased begomovirus disease severity in Costa Rica. We discuss this in terms of begomovirus invasion biology and disease management.

Weed-infecting viruses in a tropical agroecosystem present different threats to crops and evolutionary histories.

In the Caribbean Basin, malvaceous weeds commonly show striking golden/yellow mosaic symptoms. Leaf samples from Malachra sp. and Abutilon sp. plants with these symptoms were collected in Hispaniola from 2014 to 2020. PCR tests with degenerate primers revealed that all samples were infected with a bipartite begomovirus, and sequence analyses showed that Malachra sp. plants were infected with tobacco leaf curl Cuba virus (TbLCuCV), whereas the Abutilon sp. plants were infected with a new bipartite begomovirus, tentatively named Abutilon golden yellow mosaic virus (AbGYMV). Phylogenetic analyses showed that TbLCuCV and AbGYMV are distinct but closely related species, which are most closely related to bipartite begomoviruses infecting weeds in the Caribbean Basin. Infectious cloned DNA-A and DNA-B components were used to fulfilled Koch's postulates for these diseases of Malachra sp. and Abutilon sp. In host range studies, TbLCuCV also induced severe symptoms in Nicotiana benthamiana, tobacco and common bean plants; whereas AbGYMV induced few or no symptoms in plants of these species. Pseudorecombinants generated with the infectious clones of these viruses were highly infectious and induced severe symptoms in N. benthamiana and Malachra sp., and both viruses coinfected Malachra sp., and possibly facilitating virus evolution via recombination and pseudorecombination. Together, our results suggest that TbLCuCV primarily infects Malachra sp. in the Caribbean Basin, and occasionally spills over to infect and cause disease in crops; whereas AbGYMV is well-adapted to an Abutilon sp. in the Dominican Republic and has not been reported infecting crops.

Amplifier Hosts May Play an Essential Role in Tomato Begomovirus Epidemics in Brazil.

Current control of tomato golden mosaic disease, caused in Brazil predominantly by tomato severe rugose virus (ToSRV), is dependent on both, planting resistant/tolerant hybrids and intensive insecticide sprays (two to three per week) for controlling Bemisia tabaci, the vector of ToSRV. Resistant hybrids only confer moderate resistance to infection by ToSRV and some tolerance to the disease. Insecticide sprays, although widely used, have failed in most tomato production areas in Brazil, as they are unable to reduce primary spread, i.e., infection caused by the influx of viruliferous whiteflies coming from external sources of inoculum. Severe epidemics are recurrently observed in some tomato fields in several Brazilian regions, which prompted us to postulate the existence in the agroecosystem, in some places and time, of amplifier hosts that provide the necessary force of infection for epidemics to occur, even in the absence of secondary spread in the target crop. Amplifier hosts are ideally asymptomatic, occur in high density near the target crop, and support growth of both virus and vector. Soybean and common bean are potential amplifier hosts for begomovirus in tomato crops. Our results support the hypothesis that soybean plants may play an important role as an amplifier host of ToSRV for tomato crops in the field, although this does not seem to be a frequent phenomenon. Successful amplification will depend on several factors, including the soybean cultivar, the soybean stage of development at the moment of infection, the ToSRV isolate, and the perfect synchrony between the beginning of a soybean field and the end of a ToSRV-infected crop, and, later, between the senescence of the ToSRV-infected soybean plants and the new tomato crop. The concept of amplifier hosts has been widely used in ecology of zoonoses but, to our knowledge, has never been used in botanical epidemiology.

O acesso à prótese dentária na atenção primária no Brasil / Access to dental prosthesis in primary care in Brazil / Acceso a prótesis dental en atención primaria en Brasil

Este artigo tem como objetivo avaliar o acesso à prótese dentária na Atenção Primária em Saúde (APS) no Brasil. É um estudo transversal, em que foram utilizados dados do Programa de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade Atenção Básica (PMAQ-AB), segundo e terceiro ciclos, com enfoque em saúde bucal e atendimento à prótese dentária por estado brasileiro. Ao comparar as Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS) que fazem instalações de prótese nos dois ciclos de avaliação, foi observada diferença estatisticamente significativa (teste Mann Whitney, p = 0,04), mostrando maior número de instalações no terceiro ciclo. O percentual de UBS que instalavam prótese dentária no segundo ciclo foi de 8,4% e no terceiro ciclo, 14,1%. Ao se avaliar os locais em que os pacientes fizeram a prótese dentária, verifica-se que a maioria fez suas próteses no serviço privado. Conclui-se, então, que a APS não consegue suprir a demanda por prótese dentária.

This cross-sectional study evaluates access to dental prosthesis in Primary Health Care (PHC) in Brazil. Data were obtained from the Access and Quality Improvement Program (PMAQ-AB), second and third cycles, focusing on oral health and dental care provided by the Brazilian State. Comparison of the Basic Health Units (BHU) that perform prosthesis installations in the two evaluation cycles (Mann Whitney test, p = 0.04) revealed a statistically significant difference, showing a greater number of installations in the third cycle. In the second and third cycles 8.4% and 14.1% of UBS, respectively, installed dental prostheses. When evaluating where patients acquired their dental prosthesis, most sought the private service. In conclusion, PHC cannot meet the demand for dental prosthesis.

Este artículo tuvo por objetivo evaluar el acceso a las prótesis dentales en la atención primaria de salud (APS) en Brasil. Se trata de un estudio transversal que utiliza datos del Programa de Mejoramiento del Acceso y Calidad de la Atención Primaria (PMAQ-AB, por sus siglas en portugués), segundo y tercer ciclo, con foco en salud bucal y atención con prótesis dental por estado brasileño. Al comparar las Unidades Básicas de Salud (UBS) que instalan prótesis en los dos ciclos de evaluación, se observó diferencia estadísticamente significativa (prueba de Mann Whitney, p = 0,04), con un mayor número de instalaciones en el tercer ciclo. El 8,4% de las UBS instalaron prótesis dental en el segundo ciclo, y el 14,1% en el tercer ciclo. En cuanto a los locales donde los pacientes hicieron su prótesis dental, la mayoría fue realizada por el servicio privado. Se concluye que la APS no logra satisfacer la demanda de prótesis dentales.

Documentando histórias: a carreira profissional de Milton Carlos Mariotti a partir do método da história de vida / Documenting histories: the professional career of Milton Carlos Mariotti using the life-history method

Resumo Compreender a história da terapia ocupacional no Brasil por meio das trajetórias individuais e coletivas é fundamental, tanto para o avanço da produção de conhecimentos quanto para a formação e desenvolvimento profissional no campo. Este artigo baseia-se na história de vida de Milton Carlos Mariotti, terapeuta ocupacional, Professor Sênior da Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR). Objetiva-se documentar sua narrativa profissional, o legado de sua liderança e seu compromisso ético com o desenvolvimento da profissão terapia ocupacional no Brasil. Para tanto, quatro docentes terapeutas ocupacionais reuniram-se para formular um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturada composto por 34 questões. A partir das respostas, organizou-se o texto em quatro eixos temáticos: 1) Formação acadêmica, 2) Atuação como terapeuta ocupacional, 3) Trajetória acadêmica e 4) Militância política. Apresenta-se como resultado uma narrativa histórica que documenta a história de vida profissional do professor e sua contribuição para a institucionalização da terapia ocupacional no Estado do Paraná, Sul do Brasil.

Abstract Understanding the history of occupational therapy in Brazil through individual and collective trajectories is fundamental, both for the advancement of knowledge production and for professional training and development in the field. This article is based on the life story of Milton Carlos Mariotti, occupational therapist, Senior Professor at the Federal University of Paraná (UFPR). The objective is to document his professional narrative, the legacy of his leadership and his ethical commitment to the development of occupational therapy in Brazil. For that, four occupational therapist professors got together to formulate a semi-structured interview script composed of 34 questions. Based on the responses, the text was organized into four thematic axes: 1) Educational background, 2) Work as an occupational therapist, 3) Academic trajectory and 4) Political militancy. As a result, a historical narrative is presented that documents the history of the teacher's professional life and his contribution to the institutionalization of occupational therapy in the State of Paraná, southern Brazil.

A escrita psicanalítica sobre violência e preconceito: uma revisão sistemática / A escrita psicoanalítica sobre violencia y prejuicio: una revisión sistemática / Psychoanalytical writing on violence and prejudice: a systematic review

Esta revisão sistemática aborda a escrita psicanalítica sobre violência e preconceito. O levantamento dos artigos ocorreu nas bases de dados SciELO, Index Psi, LILACS e PsycINFO, com os descritores "violência" ou "preconceito" e "psicanálise", publicados entre 2009 e 2019. Partiu-se de 515 publicações potencialmente relevantes e, após aplicação de critérios de inclusão e exclusão, constituiu-se o banco final de 151 artigos, integralmente lidos por cinco juízes independentes. Constatou-se discrepância numérica entre publicações relativas à violência (134), ao preconceito (06) e a ambas as temáticas (11). Alguns artigos abordavam a segregação e a desigualdade social, porém não foram nomeadas como preconceito. Os resultados destacaram a relação do sujeito com a cultura, as singulares formas contemporâneas de subjetivação, o ato em detrimento da simbolização, a instauração da lei e os efeitos de seu fracasso. Para além da clínica, os aportes psicanalíticos permitem, também, denunciar e intervir em situações sociais de violência e preconceito

Esta revisión sistemática aborda la escritura psicoanalítica sobre violencia y prejuicio. El levantamiento de los artículos se realizó en las bases de datos SciELO, Index Psi, LILACS y PsycINFO, con los descriptores "violencia" o "prejuicio" y "psicoanálisis", publicados entre 2009 y 2019. Se partió de 515 publicaciones potencialmente relevantes, y después de la aplicación de criterios de inclusión y exclusión, se constituyó el banco final de 151 artículos, integralmente leídos por los cinco jueces independientes. Se constató discrepancia numérica entre publicaciones relativas a la violencia (134), al prejuicio (06) y a ambas temáticas (11). Algunos artículos abordaban la segregación y desigualdad social, aunque no nombradas como prejuicio. Los resultados destacaron la relación del sujeto con la cultura, las singulares formas contemporáneas de subjetivación, el acto en detrimento de la simbolización, la instauración de la ley y los efectos de su fracaso. Para más allá de la clínica, los aportes psicoanalíticos permiten, también, denunciar e intervenir en situaciones sociales de violencia y prejuicio

This systematic review addresses the psychoanalytical writing on violence and prejudice. The collection of articles was carried out in SciELO, Index Psi, LILACS and PsycINFO databases using the descriptors "violence" or "prejudice" and "psychoanalysis", with articles published between 2009 and 2019. This systematic review started with 515 potentially relevant publications, and after applying various inclusion and exclusion criteria, the final database of 151 articles was formally constituted, these articles having been read in their entirety by the five independent judges. A numerical discrepancy was found between publications related to violence (134), prejudice (06) and both topics (11). Some articles addressed social inequality and segregation, even though They have not been identified as prejudice. The results highlighted the subject's relationship with the culture, the unique forms of subjectivation in contemporary times, the acts at the expense of symbolization, the establishment of the law and the effects of its failure. Besides the clinical environment, such psychoanalytic contributions also allow us to denounce and intervene in social situations of violence and prejudice

World Management of Geminiviruses.

Management of geminiviruses is a worldwide challenge because of the widespread distribution of economically important diseases caused by these viruses. Regardless of the type of agriculture, management is most effective with an integrated pest management (IPM) approach that involves measures before, during, and after the growing season. This includes starting with resistant cultivars and virus- and vector-free transplants and propagative plants. For high value vegetables, protected culture (e.g., greenhouses and screenhouses) allows for effective management but is limited owing to high cost. Protection of young plants in open fields is provided by row covers, but other measures are typically required. Measures that are used for crops in open fields include roguing infected plants and insect vector management. Application of insecticide to manage vectors (whiteflies and leafhoppers) is the most widely used measure but can cause undesirable environmental and human health issues. For annual crops, these measures can be more effective when combined with host-free periods of two to three months. Finally, given the great diversity of the viruses, their insect vectors, and the crops affected, IPM approaches need to be based on the biology and ecology of the virus and vector and the crop production system. Here, we present the general measures that can be used in an IPM program for geminivirus diseases, specific case studies, and future challenges.

A (in)visibilidade do outro: reflexões sobre refúgio e migração / The (in)visibility of the other: reflections about refuge and migration / La (in)visibilidad del otro: reflexiones acerca de refugio y migración

O artigo explora a problemática do refúgio e da migração a partir de coordenadas teóricas de caráter interdisciplinar, complementares no aprofundamento do tema. Destaca-se, neste ensaio teórico, a invisibilidade imposta ao sujeito da diáspora mediante a negativa de reconhecer as violentas e dramáticas condições de seu entorno (crise social, crise política, crise econômica etc.), seja ele migrante ou refugiado. Por meio das proposições do psicanalista Sándor Ferenczi sobre o conceito de desmentido e das considerações do filósofo sul-coreano Byung-Chul Han sobre os mecanismos contemporâneos de proliferação do idêntico, desenvolve-se uma reflexão a respeito de diferentes práticas de indiferença ilustradas no silenciamento e invisibilização da subjetividade migrante. Essa linha argumentativa permite vislumbrar a premência de reconhecer práticas de desumanização ao se deixar à margem o direito de migrantes e refugiados à existência digna. Considera-se essencial para a ruptura com a invisibilidade imposta aos protagonistas das diásporas dar legitimidade a suas narrativas. Conclui-se, portanto, que esse movimento de ruptura por parte do migrante e do refugiado, devido à violência imposta, não decorre do assistencialismo ou da filantropia que lhes são dirigidos; por isso, é imperativo, no campo alteritário, ter reconhecido o legítimo direito a ser acolhido, com hospitalidade e humanidade, pela sociedade da qual faz parte.(AU)

The article explores the problem of refuge and migration based on theoretical coordinates of interdisciplinary character, complementary in the deepening of the theme. In this theoretical essay, the invisibility imposed on the diaspora subject stands out in the face of the refusal to recognize the violent and dramatic conditions of their surroundings (social crisis, political crisis, economic crisis, among others), whether of a migrant or a refugee. From the propositions of the psychoanalyst Sándor Ferenczi on the concept of denial and the considerations of the South Korean philosopher Byung-Chul Han on the contemporary mechanisms of proliferation of the identical, we develop a reflection about the different practices of indifference illustrated in the silencing and invisibility of migrant subjectivity. This line of argument allows us to glimpse the urgency of recognizing dehumanization practices of leaving the right of migrants and refugees to a dignified existence aside. To break with the invisibility imposed on the protagonists of the diasporas, giving legitimacy to the narratives about their stories is considered essential. In conclusion, therefore, this movement of rupture on the part of the migrant and the refugee, due to the imposed violence, does not result from the assistentialism or philanthropy directed at them; thus, in the alteritarian field, having the recognized legitimate right to be welcomed, with hospitality and humanity, by the society of which they are part is imperative.(AU)

El artículo explora la problemática del refugio y de la migración a partir de coordenadas teóricas de carácter interdisciplinario, complementarias en la profundización del tema. En este ensayo teórico se destaca la invisibilidad impuesta al sujeto de la diáspora a través de la negativa a reconocer las condiciones violentas y dramáticas de su entorno (crisis social, crisis política, crisis económica, entre otras crisis), ya sea migrante o refugiado. A través de las proposiciones del psicoanalista Sándor Ferenczi sobre el concepto de desmentida y de las consideraciones del filósofo surcoreano Byung- Chul Han sobre los mecanismos contemporáneos de proliferación de lo idéntico, se desarrolla una reflexión a respecto de las diferentes prácticas de indiferencia ilustradas en el silenciamiento e invisibilidad de la subjetividad migrante. Esta línea de argumentación permite verificar la urgencia de reconocer las prácticas de deshumanización al dejar al margen el derecho de las personas migrantes y refugiadas a una existencia digna. Se considera fundamental, para romper con la invisibilidad impuesta a los protagonistas de las diásporas, dar legitimidad a las narrativas sobre sus historias. Se concluye, por lo tanto, que este movimiento de ruptura, por parte del migrante y del refugiado, por la violencia impuesta, no es resultado del asistencialismo o filantropía que se les dirige; por lo tanto, es imperativo, en el ámbito de la alteridad, que se reconozca su legítimo derecho a ser acogido, con hospitalidad y humanidad por la sociedad de la que forma parte.(AU)

Deslocamentos contemporâneos: reflexões sobre sujeito, cultura e política / Contemporary displacements: reflections on subject, culture and politics / Desplazamentos contemporáneos: reflexiones sobre sujeto, cultura y política

Este artigo teórico explora a temática das diásporas contemporâneas identificando e examinando elementos, de diferentes áreas do conhecimento, que permitem desvelar facetas de indiferença e de cruel patologização impostas aos migrantes e refugiados. Enfatiza- -se a desconsideração do impacto e da violência oriundos de fatores sociais, políticos e econômicos na produção da precarização e vulnerabilidade da população de migrantes e refugiados. A complexidade inerente às diásporas é explorada mediante a leitura psicanalítica referente aos impasses alteritários. Afirma-se a urgência da promoção de práticas de verdadeira amabilidade em relação ao estrangeiro, recuperando-se, portanto, a dupla dimensão da definição de outro, ou seja, outro como aquele que não é o Eu, mas outro que compartilha com o Eu da categoria de semelhante. Na condição de reconhecimento alteritário, podem se dar condições simétricas de convívio, contemplando, no reconhecimento de diferenças, a radical exclusão de violentas práticas de dessubjetivação.

This theoretical article explores the theme of contemporary diasporas, identifying and examining elements from different areas of knowledge, which allow us to reveal facets of indifference and cruel pathologization imposed on migrants and refugees. It emphasizes the disregard of the impact and violence arising from social, political and economic factors in the production of precariousness and vulnerability of the migrant and refugee population. The inherent complexity of diasporas is explored through a psychoanalytic reading referring to alteritarian impasses. The urgency of promoting practices of true kindness towards the foreigner is affirmed, thus recovering the double dimension of the definition of the other, that is, the other as the one who is not the Self, but another who shares with the Self the category of similar. In the condition of alteritarian recognition, symmetrical conditions of existence can occur, contemplating, in the recognition of differences, the radical exclusion of violent practices of desubjectivation.

Este artículo teórico explora la temática de las diásporas contemporáneas identificando y examinando elementos, de distintas áreas del conocimiento, que permiten revelar facetas de indiferencia y la cruel patologización impuestas a migrantes y refugiados. Se resalta la actitud de desconocer el impacto y la violencia que surgen de los factores sociales, políticos y económicos en la producción de la precariedad y vulnerabilidad de la población de migrantes y refugiados. La complexidad inherente de las diásporas se explora a través de la lectura psicoanalítica que se refiere a los impasses en el campo de la alteridad. Se afirma la urgencia de promover prácticas de verdadera bondad hacia el extranjero, recuperando así la doble dimensión de la definición del otro, es decir, otro como el que no es el Yo, pero otro que comparte con el Yo de la categoría de semejante. En la condición de reconocimiento alteritário pueden darse las condiciones de simetría en la vida, contemplando, en el reconocimiento de las diferencias, la exclusión radical de prácticas violentas de desubjetivación.

O potencial do recovery na retomada e expansão do repertório ocupacional na esquizofrenia: um estudo de caso / The recovery's potential in the resumption and expansion of the occupational repertoire in schizophrenia: a case study / El potencial del recovery en la reanudación y ampliación del repertorio ocupacional en esquizofrenia: estudio de caso

Introdução: O sofrimento e exclusão social de pessoas com esquizofrenia são problemas históricos e de grande impacto em suas vidas. Em resposta a isso, as práticas orientadas ao recovery trazem ações voltadas ao empoderamento e recuperação pessoal, que se direcionam à mudança e estruturação da conexão com os outros, esperança, identidade e significado de vida para pessoas com transtornos mentais. Objetivo: : Investigar e compreender as alterações no desempenho ocupacional de uma pessoa com esquizofrenia e os possíveis fatores que interferem no seu processo de recovery. Método: Estudo de caso que analisa a relação dos fatores que afetam a qualidade de vida e o repertório ocupacional de uma pessoa com esquizofrenia. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de instrumentos de avaliação do Desempenho Ocupacional, do recovery, do Estigma internalizado, das Habilidades de Vida Diária e da Qualidade de Vida. A análise dos dados foi elaborada com base na análise de conteúdo. Resultados e Discussão Verificou-se a influência de fatores de reforço do sofrimento psíquico na vida ocupacional e social da pessoa com esquizofrenia; como também se confirmou a influência destes fatores no processo de recovery. Conclusão: Foi possível compreender o entrelaçamento entre as interfaces dos fatores estudados e o desempenho ocupacional. A partir desse estudo, foi possível levantar relações sobre o potencial de suporte/apoio do processo terapêutico ocupacional nos processos pessoais de recovery, tendo o empoderamento como elemento comum.(AU) Palavras-chave: Terapia Ocupacional. Esquizofrenia. Recovery. Desempenho Ocupacional. Saúde Mental

Introduction: The suffering and social exclusion of people with schizophrenia are historical problems which impacting on their lives. In response to this, Recovery is a process with actions target to empowerment and personal recovery, aimed to changing and to the structuration of connection with others, hope, identity and meaning of life for people with mental disorders. Objective: To investigate and understand the changes in the person with schizophrenia's occupational performance, and the factors that interfere in their personal recovery process. Method: Case study, which analyzes the network of factors that affect the quality of life and the occupational repertoire of a person with schizophrenia. Data collection was carried out through the assessment of occupational performance, recovery, internalized stigma, daily life skills and quality of life. Data analysis was carried out based on content analysis. Results and Discussion: The influence of reinforcing factors of psychological suffering on the occupational and social life of the person with schizophrenia was verified; as well as the influence of these factors in the overcoming process was confirmed. Conclusions: It was possible to understand the entanglement between the interfaces of the factors studied and occupational performance. It is proposed to relate the potential of the conjuncture of support for the occupational therapeutic process with the recovery paradigms, with empowerment as a common element.(AU) Keywords: Occupational Therapy. Schizophrenia. Recovery. Occupational performance. mental health

Introducción: El sufrimiento y la exclusión social de las personas con esquizofrenia son problemas históricos y tienen un gran impacto en sus vidas. En respuesta a esto, las prácticas orientadas a la recovery traen consigo acciones orientadas al empoderamiento y recuperación personal, orientadas a cambiar y estructurar la conexión con los demás, la esperanza, la identidad y el sentido de vida de las personas con trastornos mentales. Objetivo: Investigar y comprender cómo cambia el desempeño ocupacional de una persona con esquizofrenia y los posibles factores que interfieren en su proceso de recovery. Metodo: Estudio de caso, que analiza la relación entre factores que inciden en la calidad de vida y el repertorio ocupacional de una persona con esquizofrenia. La recolección de datos se realizó mediante instrumentos de evaluación de Desempeño Ocupacional, Estigma internalizado, Habilidades para la vida diaria y Calidad de vida. Se elaboró un análisis de los datos en base al análisis de contenido. Resultados y DiscusiónSe verificó el impacto de factores que refuerzan el malestar psicológico en la vida laboral y social de la persona con esquizofrenia; pero también se confirmó la influencia de estos factores en el proceso de recovery. Conclusiones: Se pudo comprender el enredo entre las interfaces de los factores estudiados y el desempeño ocupacional. A partir de este estudio fue posible plantear relaciones sobre el potencial de apoyo del proceso terapéutico ocupacional en los procesos de recovery., con el empoderamiento como elemento común.(AU) Palabras clave: Terapia ocupacional. Esquizofrenia. recovery. Desempeño ocupacional. salud mental

Pesquisa Psicanalítica: Da Transferência com a Psicanálise à Produção do Ensaio Metapsicológico / Psychoanalytic Research: From Transference with Psychoanalysis to the Production of the Metapsychological Essay

Resumo São frequentes os debates acerca da epistemologia e potencialidade da pesquisa psicanalítica, especialmente em função da inserção da Psicanálise no âmbito universitário, sobremaneira em nível de pós-graduação. Em vista disso, o presente artigo propõe uma possível articulação entre três pilares que sustentam uma proposta de pesquisa psicanalítica, quais sejam, o pesquisador psicanalítico, sua transferência com a Psicanálise e a produção de saber metapsicológico ancorada no espaço de orientação universitária. Defende-se que um pesquisador psicanalítico, no exercício aqui proposto de três tempos do testemunho, a partir de sua transferência com a Psicanálise e no espaço de orientação da pesquisa - possibilitado pelo orientador psicanalista - torna possível a produção de um saber em Psicanálise.

Abstract There are frequent debates about epistemology and the potentiality of psychoanalytic research, due in large part to the insertion of Psychoanalysis in the university realm, especially at the graduate level. Therefore, this article proposes a possible articulation between three pillars that support a psychoanalytic research proposal, namely, the psychoanalytic researcher, his transference with Psychoanalysis, and the production of metapsychological knowledge anchored in the space of university guidance. It is argued that a psychoanalytic researcher, in the exercise proposed here with three testimony tenses, from its transference using Psychoanalysis and in the space of research guidance - made possible by the psychoanalytic advisor - allows the production Psychoanalytic knowledge.

Urgências e emergências no cuidado: Narrativas de médicos residentes / Urgency and emergency care: Narratives of resident doctors

O artigo retrata uma pesquisa qualitativa desenvolvida a partir de narrativas de médicos residentes cujas práticas profissionais ocorrem em contextos de urgência e emergência hospitalar. Tendo em vista as demandas e as exigências que constituem o processo formativo de um médico residente, bem como as especificidades inerentes ao exercício laboral nesse contexto, buscou-se identificar, compreender e problematizar os elementos presentes nessa singular experiência laboral. Participaram do estudo oito médicos residentes de diferentes instituições hospitalares do Sul do Brasil. Os achados do estudo foram trabalhados com o método de Análise Interpretativa proposto por Frederic Erickson e promoveram a formulação de três Asserções: Residência Médica: singulares trajetórias na busca pela excelência na formação; Exigências vs 'Sobrecarga': reflexões sobre os impasses da Residência Médica; e Desafios na construção da identidade médica: entre a necessária afetação e o risco da indiferença. Constatou-se que a busca pela residência médica orienta-se pela meta de alcançar a excelência do desempenho profissional, mas também contempla singulares demandas e exigências que podem tomar contornos de excesso provocando inegáveis e danosos efeitos à subjetividade do profissional médico.

This paper describes a qualitative research developed from narratives of resident doctors whose professional practices take place in hospital urgency and emergency contexts. Considering the demands and requirements that make up the formative process of a resident doctor, as well as the specificities inherent to the work practice in this context, it was aimed to identify, to understand and to problematize the constitutive elements of such a singular labor experience. Eight resident doctors of different hospital institutions from the South of Brazil participated in this study. The findings of the study were analysed with the Interpretative Analysis method proposed by Frederic Erickson and have fostered the formulation of three assumptions: Medical Residency: singular trajectories in the search for excellence in the formation process; Requirements versus 'Overload': reflections over the impasse of Medical Residency and, Challenges in the construction of medical identity: between the necessary affectation and the risk of indifference. It has been verified that the search for medical residency is guided by the goal of achieving excellence in work performance, but it also contemplates unique demands and requirements that could lead to excess proportions, provoking undeniable and harmful effects to the subjectivity of the professional physician.

(Un)subjectivation, migration and refuge: psychoanalytic reflections / (des)subjetivação, migração e refúgio: reflexões psicanalíticas

RESUMO: Este artigo teórico discorre sobre a dessubjetivação que pode acompanhar a experiência de migração e refúgio. Os aportes psicanalíticos sobre estranho, pulsão de morte e narcisismo das pequenas diferenças são revisitados para problematizar práticas contemporâneas de violência voltadas ao estrangeiro. Sustentando-se nas proposições de Silvia Bleichmar sobre autoconservação da vida e autopreservação do Eu, exploram-se processos mediante os quais a realidade institui ou destitui formas de subjetivação. A reflexão acerca da migração e refúgio exigem que sejam contemplados os aspectos subjetivos que interferem diretamente nas vicissitudes dos envolvidos.

Abstract: This theoretical article discusses the desubjectivation that could be involved in migration and refuge experience. Psychoanalytical contributions about the strange, the death drive and the narcissism of small differences are revisited to discuss contemporary practices of violence to foreigners. Based on Silvia Bleichmar's propositions about self-preservation of life and self-preservation of the I, processes in which reality institutes or destitutes ways of subjectivity are explored. The reflection on migration and refuge requires the inclusion of subjective aspects that directly interfere in the vicissitudes of those involved.

Rigor e sensibilidade: singulares demandas do cuidado em enfermagem no contexto de urgência e emergência / Rigor y sensibilidad: demandas singulares del cuidado de enfermería en el contexto de urgencia y emergencia / Rigor and sensitivity: singular demands of nursing care in the context of urgency and emergency

Resumo: O artigo retrata uma pesquisa qualitativa que teve o objetivo de compreender a experiência laboral de enfermeiros no contexto hospitalar de urgência e emergência em um hospital no sul do Brasil. Por meio do Método de Análise Interpretativa, foram analisadas as entrevistas semidirigidas realizadas com os oito enfermeiros participantes do estudo. A partir da análise dos dados obtidos constatou-se a existência de diferentes modalidades de ritmos laborais que compõem a experiência de cuidado e a implicação institucional tanto na valorização do trabalho exercido como no reconhecimento da pertinência do cuidado a ser dirigido ao cuidador. Aspectos relativos à qualificação técnica exigida e às singulares condições do sujeito trabalhador são explorados a partir de narrativas dos participantes. Conclui-se ser imprescindível, a fim de que ocorra o acolhimento à singularidade do profissional, uma efetiva implementação de condições implícitas à mutualidade do cuidado.

Resumen: El artículo retrata una investigación cualitativa que tuvo como objetivo comprender la experiencia laboral de enfermeros en el ámbito hospitalario de urgencia y emergencia ubicado en un hospital del sur de Brasil. A través del Método de Análisis Interpretativo, fueron analizadas entrevistas semidirigidas realizadas con ocho enfermeros. A partir de esto, se constató la existencia de diferentes modalidades de ritmos laborales que componen la experiencia del cuidado así como la implicación institucional tanto en la valoración del trabajo ejercido como en el reconocimiento de la pertinencia del cuidado a ser dirigido al cuidador. Los aspectos relativos a la cualificación técnica exigida y las condiciones singulares del sujeto trabajador son explorados desde las narrativas de los participantes. Se concluye que es imprescindible, para que ocurra el acogimiento de la singularidad del profesional, una efectiva implantación de las condiciones implícitas a la mutualidad del cuidado.

Abstract: This article presents a qualitative research that aimed at understanding nurses' work experience in the urgency and emergency context in a hospital in the South of Brazil. Through Interpretive Analysis Method, we analyzed semi-directed interviews conducted with eight nurses participating in the study. The analyses attested the existence of different modalities of labor rhythms that compose the experience of care and the institutional implication, both in the appreciation of the exerted work and in the recognition of the pertinence of the care to be directed to caregivers. Aspects related to the required technical qualification and the singular conditions of workers are explored in the participants' narratives. It is concluded that the effective implementation of implicit conditions to mutual care is essential in order to shelter the professional singularity.

O Trabalho como Potencialidade Subjetiva na Experiência Migratória / Work as Subjective Potentiality in the Migratory Experience / El Trabajo como Potencialidad Subjetiva en la Experiencia Migratoria

A busca por oportunidades de trabalho profissional que permitam aos sujeitos melhores condições de vida está diretamente relacionada às migrações internacionais. O trabalho profissional afigura-se como recurso potencializador de saúde psíquica ao promover a experiência de reconhecimento de capacidades do migrante, com efeitos em sua subjetividade. Por meio do método de pesquisa psicanalítica, este artigo discorre sobre o papel do trabalho profissional frente aos impasses da vivência migratória. Discutem-se os riscos à tendência de patologização social da migração e aborda-se a relação entre migração e potencialidades criativas da prática laboral. Entrevistou-se um migrante haitiano e se elegeu, também, como material de análise, o livro intitulado "Sonhos que mobilizam o imigrante haitiano: biografia de Renel Simon". No testemunho constituído a partir da análise dessas narrativas, elabora-se o modo particular com que cada um destes sujeitos tem enfrentado seus desafios no caminho do trabalho de migrar. Conclui-se que o trabalho profissional responde à dimensão identitária, aquilatando o valor de si mesmo, na medida em que possibilita ao sujeito sua inserção social e vivências intersubjetivas de reconhecimento pelas atividades realizadas. (AU)

The search for professional work opportunities which allow the subjects better living conditions is directly related to international migration. Professional work seems to be a resource which enhances psychic health by promoting the experience of recognition of the migrant's skills, with effects on their subjectivity. Through the method of psychoanalytic research, this article examines the role of professional work in relation to the impasses of migratory experience. The risks to the social pathologization of migration tendencies are discussed and the relationship between migration and the creative potential of labor practice is approached. A Haitian migrant was interviewed and the book entitled "Sonhos que mobilizam o imigrante haitiano: biografia de Renel Simon" (Dreams that mobilize the Haitian immigrant: A biography of Renel Simon) was also selected as a research material. In a statement constituted from the analysis of these narratives, the individual way of how each one of these subjects has faced challenges along the migration process has been explained. The article concludes that professional work responds to the identity dimension, assessing value of one-self, as it allows the subject in its social insertion and intersubjective experiences of recognition for the activities performed. (AU)

La búsqueda por oportunidades de trabajo profesional que les permitan a los sujetos mejores condiciones de vida es directamente relacionada a las migraciones internacionales. El trabajo profesional se muestra como recurso potenciador de salud psíquica al promover la experiencia de reconocimiento de capacidades del migrante, con efectos en su subjetividad. Por medio del método de investigación psicoanalítica, este artículo discurre sobre el papel del trabajo profesional frente a los impases de la vivencia migratoria. Se discuten los riesgos a la tendencia de patologización social de la migración y se aborda la relación entre migración y potencialidades creativas de la práctica laboral. Se entrevistó a un migrante haitiano y se eligió, también, como material de análisis, el libro intitulado "Sonhos que mobilizam o imigrante haitiano: biografia de Renel Simon" (Sueños que movilizan al inmigrante haitiano: biografía de Renel Simon). En el testimonio constituido a partir del análisis de esas narrativas, se elabora el modo particular con que cada uno de estos sujetos vienen enfrentando sus desafíos en el camino del trabajo de migrar. Se concluye que el trabajo profesional responde a la dimensión de identidad, evaluando el valor de uno mismo, ya que permite al sujeto su inserción social y experiencias intersubjetivas de reconocimiento de las actividades realizadas. (AU)

História de familiares que vivenciam o cuidado da pessoa com depressão / Historia de familiares que viven el cuidado de la persona con depresión / History of family members who are having the experience of caring for someone with depression

RESUMO Objetivo: conhecer a vivência dos familiares no cuidado da pessoa com depressão. Método: História Oral Temática Híbrida, tendo como local um CAPS III de uma capital do sul do Brasil, com coleta de dados entre janeiro e julho de 2019. Incluiu-se o familiar da pessoa em tratamento para depressão no CAPS III e excluídos os que tinham indisponibilidade de tempo, e familiar menor de idade. Participaram quatro colaboradores. Resultados: revelaram-se quatro temas: O entendimento sobre a doença e a trajetória nos serviços de saúde; O impacto da depressão na saúde física e na questão financeira dos familiares; O impacto emocional da depressão nas relações familiares; A religiosidade e a espiritualidade como elementos para o enfrentamento da doença. Conclusão: a depressão vulnerabiliza e afeta a vida do familiar. A pesquisa sugestiona focos de intervenção dos profissionais de saúde com os familiares, agrega conhecimento sobre a depressão e colabora para novas pesquisas.

RESUMEN: Objetivo: conocer la vivencia de los familiares en el cuidado de la persona con depresión. Método: Historia Oral Temática Híbrida, cuyo sitio fue un Centro de Atención Psicosocial III de una capital del sur de Brasil, con obtención de datos entre enero y julio de 2019. Se añadió el familiar de la persona en tratamiento para depresión en el CAPS III y se excluyeron los que tenían indisponibilidad de tiempo, además de familiar menor de edad. Participaron cuatro empleados. Resultados: emergieron cuatro temas: El entendimiento acerca de la enfermedad y la trayectoria en los servicios de salud; El impacto de la depresión en la salud física y en la cuestión financiera de los familiares; El impacto emocional de la depresión en las relaciones familiares; La religiosidad y la espiritualidad como elementos para el afrontamiento de la enfermedad. Conclusión: la depresión vuelve vulnerable y afecta la vida del familiar. La investigación sugestiona focos de intervención de los profesionales de salud con los familiares, añade conocimiento sobre la depresión y colabora para nuevas investigaciones.

ABSTRACT Objective: To know the experience of family members in the care of people with depression. Method: Thematic Oral History that uses a hybrid methodology performed in a CAPS III (Psychosocial Care Center) in the capital of a state in southern Brazil, with data collected between January and July 2019. Family members of individuals undergoing treatment for depression in the CAPS III were included in the study and those family members who had no time to participate in the study and those who were underage were excluded. Four collaborators participated in the study. Results: Four themes were revealed: Understanding the disease and the historical path in health services; the impact of depression on the physical health and on the financial situation of family members; the emotional impact of depression on family relationships; Religiosity and spirituality as elements for coping with the disease. Conclusion: Depression makes patients' families vulnerable and affects their lives. The study suggests foci for interventions by health professionals with family members, adds knowledge on depression and collaborates with further studies.